三维激光切割在机械加工机床中的集成研究

研究了如何在机械加工的五轴机床中集成三维激光切割功能,并开发了三维激光切割控制软件。围绕该840Dsl数控系统进行三维激光切割系统硬件集成设计以实现激光切割过程中各加工控制部件自动化控制;并针对三维激光切割系统硬件结构,控制软件进行模块化设计,包括离线编程模块、加工控制模块设计以及激光切割工艺数据库等3大模块。通过在五轴龙门机床上调试验证,该控制软件能够很好实现三维激光切割控制功能。该研究将激光切割功能集成在传统机械加工机床中,这将提高机床的利用效率,同时简化工件装夹流程,提高加工效率。该研究对机械加工机床功能扩展有较大的参考价值。     

特种加工机床的发展动向

最近,在工业界起重要技术作用的特种加工机床,包括以激光加工机(CO_2激光、YAG激光、准分子激光)为主的等离子加工机床、电子束加工机床和水喷射加工机床等。人们对这些高效率、高精度加工技术的期望在日益增大。许多制造厂也在大力开发高效率、廉价的产品。本文对这类机床的技术和市场动向加以介绍。     

汽车发动机连杆材料β钛合金的切削加工研究

以新型汽车发动机连杆材料β钛合金Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al为研究对象,运用激光辅助切削加工的方法对该材料的加工工艺进行优化,研究了不同加工方法、加工参数对其切削特性的影响。研究结果表明:激光辅助切削加工试样切削温度高于机床切削加工,而切削力低于机床切削加工;在切削速度较低时,随着切削速度的增加,试样切削温度变化较大;随着切削速度的继续增加,激光辅助切削加工试样切削温度降低、机床切削加工试样切削温度升高,最终都趋于稳定;在切削速度较高时,不同切削加工方法的切削力基本相同;机床加工试样切削温度随着进给量的增加而增加,激光辅助切削加工试样切削温度则先急剧下降然后趋于平稳。     

多功能激光加工机床的研制

提出了多功能激光加工机床具体的制作总体方案,指出了激光切割、激光焊接和激光淬火等激光数控加工中存在的主要技术难题,并提出了相应的解决方法.     

第十八届中国国际机床展览会特种加工机床评述（下）

通过对第十八届中国国际机床展览会（CIMT2023）参展特种加工机床的现场观摩、资料收集以及与参展厂商的座谈交流,对国内外电加工机床、激光加工机床、增材制造机床的技术水平进行了评述,并分析了特种加工机床的发展趋势和应用前景。     

第十八届中国国际机床展览会特种加工机床评述（上）

通过对第十八届中国国际机床展览会（CIMT2023）参展特种加工机床的现场观摩、资料收集以及与参展厂商的座谈交流，对国内外电加工机床、激光加工机床、增材制造机床的技术水平进行了评述，并分析了特种加工机床的发展趋势和应用前景。     

第十二届中国国际机床展览会特种加工机床评述(上)

通过对第十二届中国国际机床展览会(CIMT2011)展出的各种国内外特种加工机床现场调研、座谈及资料收集,对电火花加工机床、激光加工机床、快速成形机床等产品的技术性能及发展趋势进行了比较深入和系统的评述,对市场动态进行了分析。     

激光与电解加工机的新发展

一、新型激光模具绉纹加工机床 2010年7月,瑞士GF阿奇夏尔米公司在日本展出了新型的激光模具与轧辊绉纹加工机床。其特点：在模具加工表面质量、成本、易用程度等方面皆超过了以往的化学腐蚀加工法。目前,该机床已投入国际市场。     

GFTC-4000数控激光加工技术简介

一、数控激光加工机床概述 GFTC-4000数控激光加工机床,此机床采用最新激光技术适用于对各种轴类、盘类、矩形零件、异形零件、以及齿轮齿面的表面淬火、熔凝、熔覆、及合金化工作.     

第十七届中国国际机床展览会特种加工机床评述

通过对第十七届中国国际机床展览会(CIMT 2021)参展特种加工机床的现场观摩、资料收集以及与参展厂商的交流座谈,对国内外电加工机床、激光加工机床、增材制造机床的技术特点及发展趋势进行了比较深入和系统的评述,并对特种加工机床的应用与市场发展进行了分析。     

数控机床空间误差检测与补偿技术研究

研究了数控机床的空间误差检测原理,分析了激光矢量测量法的检测原理与误差模型。采用激光多普勒位移测量仪和激光矢量测量法对数控螺旋锥齿轮机床的空间误差进行了检测与补偿,并根据标准ISO 230-6评估了该数控机床的空间性能,实验结果表明,文中所研究的数控机床空间误差检测与补偿技术是切实可行的,能够在一定程度上较大地提高数控机床的空间运动精度,为进一步提高数控机床的加工精度奠定了基础。     

并联轴直线运动直线度的检测与误差补偿

通过采用Renishaw激光干涉仪检测混联机床并联轴直线运动的直线度误差,对直线度的干涉测量原理和方法进行深入探讨,提出一种并联轴直线运动直线度的干涉测量方法和误差补偿模型的建模方法。分析干涉仪直线度评定方法和算法,做出并联轴直线运动直线度双向平均偏差特性曲线,建立直线度误差数学模型。利用最小二乘法拟合得到直线度均值误差补偿模型。对并联轴直线运动直线度进行补偿,达到了提高混联机床几何精度的目的。     

Three-point method for measuring the geometric error components of linear and rotary axes based on sequential multilateration

The linear and rotary axes are fundamental parts of multi-axis machine tools. The geometric error components of the axes must be measured for motion error compensation to improve the accuracy of the machine tools. In this paper, a simple method named the three-point method is proposed to measure the geometric error of the linear and rotary axes of the machine tools using a laser tracker. A sequential multilateration method, where uncertainty is verified through simulation, is applied to measure the 3D coordinates. Three non-collinear points fixed on the stage of each axis are selected. The coordinates of these points are simultaneously measured using a laser tracker to obtain their volumetric errors by comparing these coordinates with ideal values. Numerous equations can be established using the geometric error models of each axis. The geometric error components can be obtained by solving these equations. The validity of the proposed method is verified through a series of experiments. The results indicate that the proposed method can measure the geometric error of the axes to compensate for the errors in multi-axis machine tools.     

数控机床位置精度的检测与补偿

主要介绍使用双频激光干涉仪对西门子840D闭环系统的数控机床进行位置精度的检测与补偿,并对该系统的闭环误差进行分析。实践表明,通过使用该方法能有效地提高数控机床的位置精度。     

刀库及其自动换刀装置的换刀精度检测方法 和衰退规律研究

刀库及其自动换刀装置是数控机床用于储存和交换刀具的关键功能部件,其性能状态特别是换刀精度直接影响数 控机床能否准确、迅速地完成换刀,是影响数控机床可靠性的关键因素。 通过在主机现场搭建盘式刀库换刀精度检测试验 台,并提出基于两个激光位移传感器的换刀精度检测方法,借助加工中心工作台位置可通过数控系统精确控制,提出激光位 移传感器位置参数标定方法。 制定换刀精度试验方法,并开展 100 万次换刀试验,揭示刀库及其自动换刀装置换刀精度随 载荷和试验次数的变化规律,以及插刀前、拉刀前和拉刀后刀柄精度的变化规律,进而为如何减少刀柄插刀过程中对主轴的 冲击提供重要参考。     

A general strategy for geometric error identification of multi-axis machine tools based on point measurement

Geometric error component identification is needed to realize the geometric error compensation which can significantly enhance the accuracy of multi-axis machine tools. Laser tracker has been applied to geometric error identification of machine tools increasingly due to its high capability in 3D metrology. A general method, based on point measurement using a laser tracker is developed for identifying the geometric error components of multi-axis machine tools in this study. By using this method, all the component errors and location errors of each axis (including the linear axis and rotary axis) of the multi-axis machine tools can be measured. Three pre-described targets are fixed on the stage of the under-test axis which moves step by step. The coordinates of the three targets at every step are determined by a laser tracker based on the sequential multilateration method. The volumetric errors of these three target points at each step can be obtained by comparing the measured values of the target points’ coordinates with the ideal values. Then, nine equations can be established by inversely applying the geometric error model of the axis under test, which can explicitly describe the relationship between the geometric error components and volumetric error components, and then the component errors of this axis can be obtained by solving these equations. The location errors of the axis under test can be determined through the curve fitting. In brief, all the geometric error components of a single axis of multi-axis machine tools can be measured by the proposed method. The validity of the proposed method is verified through a series of experiments, and the experimental results indicate that the proposed method is capable of identifying all the geometric error components of multi-axis machine tools of arbitrary configuration.     

激光熔覆技术在数控刀具表面改性中的应用

刀具表面强化处理是提高刀具耐磨性及其使用寿命的重要途径之一,本文充分发挥了激光熔覆技术的优势,并结合数控机床对刀具的使用要求,在普通刀具材料表面进行激光熔覆技术表面改性分析,阐述了采用YAG激光熔覆技术在普通刀具材料上获得性能良好数控刀具的可行性及其重要意义。     

机械制造业数控机床几何误差自动控制

为了降低数控机床几何误差,提升加工精度,提出机械制造业数控机床几何误差自动控制方法。通过激光跟踪仪辨识机械制造业数控机床的几何误差,采用快速定位补偿算法与圆弧插补补偿算法相结合的方法补偿数控机床几何误差。利用计算机辅助制造软件生成刀位文件,依据刀位文件生成数控机床加工程序,通过补偿控制器生成数控机床各轴运动的控制指令,数控机床伺服系统接收控制指令后,自动控制数控机床各轴运动,以达到数控机床几何误差自动控制的目的。实验结果表明,采用该方法自动控制数控机床几何误差后,方向与角度的几何误差分别低于0.03 mm与0.1°,实际应用效果较好。     

Development of computer aided calibration module for CMMs and machine tools using a compensated step gauge

This paper shows a micro computer aided error calibration system for CMMs and machine tools, which is a fast and efficient error calibration system: A micro computer stores the error calibration data of a step gauge which were precalibrated with more precise equipments such as laser interferometer, then the step gauge is probed with the specific CMMs or machine tools. The probing data are compared with the stored precalibration data, in order to give the linear displacement accuracy of the machines. High degree of computer integration has been performed in the measurement path planning, measurement operation, and error evaluation. Thus a rigorous computer aided error calibration system has been implemented with full potential of practical application to most of commercial CMMs and machine tools of CNC type.     

A new optical measurement system for determining the geometrical errors of rotary axis of a 5-axis miniaturized machine tool

Machine tools have greatly improved in recent decades. Among them, miniaturized machine tools (mMTs) that have advantages in terms of reduced energy consumption, space requirements, costs, and other resources are becoming more and more popular in the area of micro scale parts manufacturing. However it is exceedingly difficult to calibrate an mMT due to its small size. This paper proposes a novel method for identifying the geometrical errors of a rotary axis of miniaturized 5-axis machine tools using two position sensitive detectors (PSDs) and a laser diode. This work not only reduces the complication of the system structure and setup but also solves the problem of assembly. We propose a method to determine errors based on the geometrical position of PSDs, laser beam path, and its readout signals after each angle of rotation. The homogenous transformation approach is used to find the individual error components. A system sensitivity analysis is also presented in this paper.