Bending fatigue characteristics of corroded wire ropes

The corrosion of a wire rope reduces its life expectancy. In this study, repeated bending tests were conducted using a bending fatigue tester by changing the tensile load and corrosion time of wire ropes, which were the same type as those used in elevators. The number of broken wires was studied, and a tensile test was conducted for cases in which the fracture was severe. The effect of corrosion fatigue on life expectancy was considered by comparing fracture strength values and observing fracture surfaces. The results indicate that an increase in accumulated corrosion fatigue, a greater tensile load, and repeated bending cycles may yield a rapid decrease in fracture strength and an increase in the number of broken wires. Therefore, it is concluded that corrosion fatigue is an important factor that decreases the life expectancy of wire rope.     

Effect of strain amplitude and temperature on creep-fatigue behaviors of 9–12 % Cr steel

The creep-fatigue behaviors of P92 steel under strain range of 0.3 %–0.5 % and test temperature of 600–650 °C was studied carefully in this paper. With the increase of temperature, the creep-fatigue life is significantly reduced, and more vulnerable to temperature than strain amplitude. In addition, the dislocation density decreases with increasing creep fatigue, and the martensite laths become coarser. Furthermore, the increase of strain amplitude leads to more significant secondary cracks and fatigue striation. The higher temperature causes much deeper and larger dimples. During the test, the growth and accumulation of precipitates inevitably lead to stress concentration, resulting in material fracture and destruction. Finally, the linear cumulative damage (LCD), the modified ductility exhaustion (MDE) and the frequency separation life (FSL) model are used to predict the creep-fatigue life of P92 steel, and it is found that the frequency separation life model had the highest prediction accuracy among the threes.

     

Low-endurance fatigue of an aluminium alloy and a stainless steel in plane bending at ambient and elevated temperatures

Flat uniform specimens were cyclically bent over formers. At room temperature two strain ratios were used, R = −1 and 0, i.e. reversed symmetrical and asymmetrical strains, respectively, the strain ratio being defined as the ratio of the minimum to the maximum strain in a cycle. The increase in the value of the strain ratio was found to decrease the fatigue life of the aluminium alloy and to increase it for the stainless steel. For room temperature tests and at R = −1, the bending moment at maximum strain was found to increase in the early part of the test and was then followed by a decrease until fracture occurred, whilst for R = 0 a continuous decrease occurred throughout the tests. The effect of test temperature on fatigue life was found to be considerable and throughout the tests at elevated temperature the cyclic bending moment decreased.     

基于有限元的多股螺旋弹簧疲劳寿命预测

针对多股螺旋弹簧（多股簧）的疲劳失效问题,以阿联酋某企业使用的特种多股簧为研究对象,通过有限元仿真分析多股簧的应力应变历程并利用子模型技术进行了应力应变的精确计算,通过静态响应试验验证了有限元模型的正确性;进行了钢丝材料试验,结合Manson模型推导出多股簧材料的疲劳性能参数;结合多股簧的应变和疲劳寿命预测模型预测了多股簧的疲劳寿命,并进行试验验证。研究结果表明：多股簧承载时,弹簧端部承受的应力较大,最大应力点位于外层钢丝且外层钢丝主要承受弯曲应力,与弹簧端部位置处外层钢丝疲劳断裂现象吻合; 静态响应仿真与实测值误差不超过5%;由SWT准则预测得到的疲劳寿命与试验疲劳寿命较为吻合,且预测疲劳断裂区与实际断裂区一致。     

激光冲击强化对LZ50车轴钢疲劳性能影响试验研究

为了研究激光冲击强化对LZ50车轴钢疲劳性能的影响，对LZ50车轴钢车轴试样进行激光冲击强化处理并在JD-1轮轨模拟试验机上进行了旋转弯曲疲劳试验。结果显示：采用不同参数激光冲击强化处理的2个试样，硬度分别增大18%和27%；对LZ50车轴钢试样的过盈配合面进行激光冲击处理后产生了塑性变形层，形成了较高的残余压应力；试验后试样过盈配合表面两侧区域都可见明显的环形损伤带，出现了以剥落和犁沟为特征的磨损形貌，损伤机制为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层。激光冲击前后试样断口形貌特征相似，疲劳源呈多源性；在裂纹扩展区域段观察到大量的准解理小面，属于脆性穿晶断裂；瞬断区内出现大量韧窝和二次裂纹。激光冲击强化处理显著提高了车轴钢的疲劳寿命，不同激光冲击强化参数处理的2个车轴试样疲劳寿命比未处理试样疲劳寿命分别提高31%和21%。     

低载强化后汽车结构件疲劳裂纹扩展速度研究

为了从微观上揭示汽车结构件经过低载强化后疲劳强度和疲劳寿命提高的原因和机理,本文利用扫描电镜,对某汽车前轴低载强化前后试样断口的疲劳裂纹扩展速度进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,经过低载强化后的汽车结构件断口试样,其贝纹线的增长趋势减弱,疲劳辉度间距变小。这些微观变化有效地延缓了疲劳裂纹萌生,降低了疲劳裂纹扩展速率,使汽车结构件的疲劳强度和疲劳寿命都得到提高。     

高速铁路钢轨剩余疲劳寿命预测研究

利用断裂力学理论建立高速铁路钢轨剩余寿命的预测模型;首先对特定线路上钢轨的动载弯曲应力、温度应力、残余应力进行计算,然后利用预测模型估算高速钢轨的疲劳剩余寿命,分析钢轨材料、列车速度系数、钢轨基础弹性系数对钢轨剩余寿命的影响。结果表明:相同营运条件下,U71Mn钢轨剩余寿命比PD3钢轨长;钢轨剩余寿命随列车速度系数的增加而降低,随钢轨基础弹性系数的增长而延长。     

S135钻杆钢的单轴疲劳性能对比

通过疲劳试验测定了S135钻杆钢在单轴对称拉-压和扭-转加载条件下的疲劳寿命,应用回归分析方法得到了单轴疲劳寿命的定量公式,并对疲劳断裂的机制进行了分析。结果表明:在双对数坐标中,疲劳寿命与有效应力幅呈良好的直线关系;扭-转疲劳极限与拉压疲劳极限之比为0.682;拉-压加载和扭-转加载下的裂纹均萌生于试样表面;拉-压疲劳试样的裂纹扩展以疲劳条带为主要特征;扭-转疲劳试样的裂纹扩展以剪切型涟波花样为主要特征。     

Modal characteristics and fatigue strength of compressor blades

High-cycle fatigue (HCF) has been identified as one of the primary causes of gas turbine engine failure. The modal characteristics and endurance strength of a 5 MW gas turbine engine blade developed by Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. in HCF fracture were verified through analysis and tests to determine the reliability of the compressor blade. A compressor blade design procedure that considers HCF life was performed in the following order: airfoil and blade profile design, modal analysis, stress distribution test, stress endurance limit test, and fatigue life verification. This study analyzed the Campbell diagram and estimated resonance risk on the basis of the natural frequency analysis and modal test of the compressor blade to guarantee safe and operational reliability. In addition, the maximum stress point of the compressor blade was determined through stress distribution analysis and test. The bonding point of the strain gage was determined by using fatigue test. Stress endurance limit test was performed based on the results of these tests. This research compared and verified the modal characteristics and endurance strengths of the compressor blades to prevent HCF fracture, which is among the major causes of gas turbine engine damage. A fatigue life design procedure of compressor blades was established. The 5 MW class gas turbine compressor blade is well designed in terms of resonance stability and fatigue endurance limit.     

A study on fatigue damage modeling using neural networks

Fatigue crack growth and life have been estimated based on established empirical equations. In this paper, an alternative method using artificial neural network (ANN) -based model developed to predict fatigue damages simultaneously. To learn and generalize the ANN, fatigue crack growth rate and life data were built up using in-plane bending fatigue test results. Single fracture mechanical parameter or nondestructive parameter can’t predict fatigue damage accurately but multiple fracture mechanical parameters or nondestructive parameters can. Existing fatigue damage modeling used this merit but limited real-time damage monitoring. Therefore, this study shows fatigue damage model using backpropagation neural networks on the basis of X-ray half breadth ratioB/B ₀ , fractal dimensionD _f and fracture mechanical parameters can estimate fatigue crack growth rateda/dN and cycle ratioN/N _f at the same time withinengineering limit error (5%).     

带有微动磨损缺口钢丝的疲劳特性

在自制的微动磨损试验机上进行钢丝的微动磨损试验,将微动磨损后的钢丝试样在液压伺服疲劳试验机上进行不同应力比和不同应力幅下的疲劳试验。结果表明,钢丝的微动磨损深度随微动时间和接触载荷的增加而增加,磨损缺口处的应力集中使其成为了裂纹萌生源,也使钢丝试样的疲劳寿命大大降低,微动磨损后钢丝试样的疲劳寿命和磨损深度呈反比关系。通过钢丝疲劳断口的SEM形貌分析了其疲劳断裂机制,断口对应不同的疲劳阶段,可分为裂纹萌生区、裂纹扩展区和裂纹瞬断区。     

基于Workbench的铆接连接件疲劳寿命的仿真分析

基于Workbench计算机仿真软件,开展了铆接连接件疲劳寿命的仿真分析.研究结果表明:疲劳破坏发生在铆钉孔两侧应力集中处,破坏发生位置的Mises等效应力值最大,仿真结果与疲劳试验结果吻合；在较高应力水平下,仿真分析的疲劳寿命与疲劳试验的寿命结果差异较小；在较低的应力水平下,仿真分析的疲劳寿命和疲劳试验的寿命结果差异...     

An Investigation into the Effect of Normal Load Frequency on Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Al7075-T6

Most previous studies on fretting fatigue have been accomplished under constant normal loading and less attention has been paid to cyclic normal loading. An innovative test apparatus was specially designed and manufactured for fretting fatigue tests under cyclic loading in this work and the fretting fatigue behavior of Al7075-T6 was investigated at different normal load frequencies. A finite element model was developed to study the effect of normal load frequency on the contact stress distribution. It was found that the cyclic normal load has a more damaging effect on fretting fatigue life compared to constant normal load, particularly at lower frequencies. The results showed that at the normal load frequency of f = 1 Hz, fatigue life decreased by 52% in the high cycle fatigue regime and 28% in the low cycle fatigue regime. The experimental results also indicated that at the normal load frequency of 80 Hz, the fretting fatigue life converged to its corresponding life under constant normal load condition. The fracture surface and the fretting area of the specimens were examined using both optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental observations showed that the dominant partial slip condition with a wider slip region compared to constant normal loading, severe delamination, and higher oxidation rate due to the normal load release at each cycle, are the most important reasons for significant reductions in fretting fatigue life, under cyclic normal loading, especially for low normal load frequencies.     

推进剂贮存容器J积分安全评定与寿命预测

为了估计裂纹对推进剂贮存容器寿命可靠性的影响,基于J积分和按重要度原则的概率失效准则,结合材料的断裂韧性J1C和疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,利用概率断裂力学方法PFM(Probability Fatigue Method),分别建立了推进剂贮存容器概率安全评定模型和寿命预测模型。最后以LD10贮存容器为例,说明推进剂贮存容器概率安全评定与寿命预测过程,并利用Rcakwitz-Skov和Mont-Carlo方法计算其可靠性与剩余寿命。     

钛合金焊缝与母材缺口试样疲劳对比试验研究

对TC2钛合金焊缝与母材缺口试样进行疲劳对比试验,并观察全部疲劳断口,分析疲劳断裂的起因.结果表明,焊缝缺口试样与母材缺口试样的疲劳寿命相比没有显著差异,在99%可靠度前提下,焊缝缺口试样的安全寿命是母材缺口试样安全寿命的91%.焊缝及母材缺口试样的疲劳断裂均起源于缺口根部表面滑移带.     

保载时间对P92钢蠕变-疲劳交互行为的影响

为研究保载时间对蠕变-疲劳寿命和应力-应变响应的影响规律,对P92钢在650℃下进行了应变幅为±0.5％,保载时间为36,600,3600 s的蠕变-疲劳试验,采用Chaboche塑性本构模型和应变强化蠕变模型进行有限元模拟,并对P92钢断裂试样进行透射电镜检测.试验结果表明:保载时间增长导致拉压屈服极限降低,最大拉应...     

复合添加剂摩擦磨损性能的研究

边界润滑条件下 ,承载能力主要取决于添加剂的性能 ,含有聚合剂的润滑油在极压状态能在运动副接触表面形成原位聚合膜 ,较大幅度地提高疲劳寿命 ,降低摩擦、磨损。极压添加剂对防止胶合破坏效果较好 ,将上述二种添加剂复配进行协同试验 ,可以得到对疲劳和胶合都有较好作用的润滑油 ,提高润滑油使用性能和扩大应用范围。在含 0 .4%二聚酸 /司本 -80的 46# 精制矿物油中添加 1.5 %重极压齿轮油可使其 PB 增加近 68 ,PD 增加 2 8% ,磨痕直径减少约 3 8% ,疲劳寿命较 46# 精制矿物油提高近 3 3 % ,FZG达到 12级     

Dynamic test and fatigue life evaluation of compressor blades

High-cycle fatigue (HCF) has been identified as one of the primary causes of gas turbine engine failure. To verify the reliability of the high cycle fatigue fracture of the 5 MW gas turbine engine blade being developed by Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd., dynamic tests were conducted using real size compressor rigs according to previous studies. The dynamic safety margin of the 5MW gas turbine engine blade was calculated on the basis of the ratio between the dynamic stress and endurance limit stress respectively determined through the compressor rig and fatigue tests. The HCF characteristics and the fatigue life stability of the DGT-5 compressor blades were verified through these processes. A fatigue life design procedure for the gas turbine compressor blade was established on the basis of the design, analysis, and test processes implemented in a previous study. In sum, the 5 MW class gas turbine compressor blades were found to be well designed in terms of resonance stability and fatigue life.     

液压摆缸叶片密封的疲劳失效研究

以液压摆动油缸叶片密封为研究对象,基于断裂力学理论,建立叶片密封疲劳寿命预测公式;采用Mooney-Rivlin本构模型表征密封件的力学行为,利用ABAQUS对密封件进行仿真分析,研究预压缩率和工作油压对叶片密封疲劳失效寿命的影响;应用疲劳寿命预测公式,预测了危险截面的寿命值。研究结果表明:叶片密封最容易疲劳断裂的位置位于低压侧靠近叶片槽倒角处;在10%～20%预压缩率下,疲劳寿命值先增加后减小,在12%压缩率时达到峰值;工作油压对密封失效和疲劳寿命的影响最大,工作油压达到10 MPa以后,疲劳寿命急速下降。通过试验样机叶片密封的疲劳断裂位置,间接验证了理论分析的正确性,为摆缸叶片密封疲劳寿命的预测提供理论方法。     

Fretting fatigue of zinc coated low carbon steel EN H320 M

The object of the present study was to investigate the influence of zinc coatings on steel sheets during fretting fatigue and fatigue tests. The influence of the fatigue stress range, normal pressure and amplitude of slip, on the fracture life was studied for both coated and uncoated EN H320 M steel. The wear produced by fretting was measured and compared with the fracture life evolution for different values of slip amplitude. The wear scars and the fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify the degradation mechanism. Although zinc films do not influence the fatigue life of the tested steel, when fretting is superposed on to a fatigue stress the coating markedly improves the fracture life.