车用百叶窗翅片管式换热器对空气侧强化传热作用的研究进展

百叶窗翅片管式换热器是车用换热器主要选型之一,其结构对空气侧强化传热作用有着极其重要的影响。本文总结了近几年来国内外在百叶窗翅片管式换热器的结构参数对空气侧强化传热影响方面的研究,包括翅片间距、管排数、翅片高度、百叶窗开窗角度、翅片厚度及翅片形状对空气侧换热系数、压降的影响。最后,在百叶窗结构的基础上,提出了在翅片上打孔形成百叶型多孔翅片来进一步强化空气侧换热的建议。     

管间距对翅片油冷却器传热及阻力性能的影响

为探讨管间距对翅片油冷却器传热及阻力特性的影响,对5种管间距下的翅片油冷却器进行了试验测试研究,拟合得到翅片油冷却器壳侧传热系数及压降的公式。并利用Fluent软件模拟分析了管间距为13.9 mm的翅片油冷却器壳侧流场的分布情况。结果表明,在一定的雷诺数范围内,管间距为21 mm的翅片式油冷却器有较好的传热性能,与其他管间距的传热系数相比,均提高了2%~8%;翅片式油冷却器的阻力性能与管间距大小成正比关系;相同压降约束条件下,管间距为13.9 mm的翅片油冷却器有较好的综合换热性能,在达到相同换热量时所需泵功最少。     

正弦波纹翅片管换热器传热和阻力特性的试验研究

对不同翅片间距、不同管排数的9个正弦波纹翅片管换热器元件进行了试验研究,给出了工业常用雷诺数范围内各元件翅片侧空气的换热和阻力性能关联式。文中还给出了包括翅片间距及管排数影响的通用关联式,为设计和选用正弦波纹大套片换热器提供了依据。     

空冷器板翅式传热元件翅片高度的优化计算

为了探究板翅式传热元件翅片高度对传热、压降的影响,以某装置冷却项目为工程实例,采用板翅式空冷器进行设计,应用数学解析方法,经计算比较,翅片高度为14 mm时,单台设备的传热系数与换热面积的乘积达到最大,节省投资;翅片高度为22 mm时,单台设备的空气侧单位压降的总传热系数最大,操作费用较低。翅片高度的选取需综合考虑初期设备投资和后期操作费用的关系。     

高温CO_2冷风机的数值计算

用分布参数法建立数学模型,对CO2冷风机在高温工况下进行仿真模拟计算。分析计算了管内制冷剂侧的传热特性,以及管间距与翅片间距对换热系数和压降的影响。结果表明,由于随着干度的增加,管内CO2流型不断发生变化,管内侧换热系数和压降也随之变化。在设计冷风机时,应综合考虑翅片间距与管间距对冷风机总换热系数及空气侧压降的影响。     

翅片厚度对散热器散热性能影响分析

本文采用Fluent软件,在不同的空气工况下,对三组不同的散热器翅片厚度进行模拟仿真计算,得到不同厚度下翅片的温度及换热系数。研究发现,在相同的空气工况下,翅片厚度等于0.16mm时,翅片换热系数最大,传热最好,综合性能最优。这为散热带翅片的优化提供相应的参考。     

铜翅片管热水器的特性研究

以铜翅片管换热器为研究对象,通过合理的简化模型,以相邻2片换热片(取半片)及其之间的烟气通道作为计算区域,利用流体力学软件CFX对烟气通道的流动状况和换热情况进行了数值模拟。研究了管径、翅片厚度和翅片间距对排烟温度的影响,结果表明随着管径和翅片间距的增大排烟温度升高,随着翅片厚度增大排烟温度降低,排烟温度的升高或降低将影响排烟损失的大小,从而影响热效率。该数值模拟结果对改进翅片结构以提高热效率有一定指导意义。     

百叶窗角度对管带式中冷器传热与阻力特性影响研究

根据影响中冷器综合性能的因素,建立了四组不同开窗角度的百叶窗翅片计算模型,采用Fluent软件,SIMPLE算法和标准k-ε模型对传热特性和阻力特性进行了仿真分析,得到不同开窗角度下中冷器空气侧的温度、压力和换热系数,及中冷器综合性能评价因子。研究发现换热主要集中在百叶窗前端,阻力损失主要集中在翅片区域;压降随着开窗角度的增大而增大;在相同的工况条件下,开窗角度为27°时,翅片表面传热系数最大,具有更好的综合性能。计算结果为中冷器散热带结构设计提供了参考。     

整体翅片叉排热管散热器的传热特性研究

针对三维坐标系下,整体翅片叉排热管散热器的流动和传热特性进行数值模拟研究.分析了四个主要影响因素:翅片间距、翅片厚度、排间距和管排布对努塞尔数、流动摩擦因数和热阻的影响.管排布分别为4-3叉排和3-2叉排,翅片间距分别为6mm、7mm和8mm,翅片厚度分别为0.8mm、1mm和1.2mm,排间距分别为20mm、24mm和28mm.计算结果表明:随着翅片厚度的增加,摩擦因数减小,换热能力增强,热阻有所上升;随着翅片间距的增大,摩擦因数增大,换热能力提高,而热阻基本为增加趋势;当热管排列方式从4-3叉排变为3-2叉排后,摩擦因数增加,但Re较大时,摩擦因数趋于相同,换热能力明显下降,但热阻呈下降趋势.     

基于CFX对管式换热器在烟气余热回收中的改进

通过对换热器结构特点的分析,提出在换热管外壁添加圆形翅片以此来提高管式空气换热器的余热回收。利用CFX软件模拟分析新型换热器的传热特性,通过分析翅片厚度、翅片间距、翅片高度得出,翅片厚度为0.8mm、翅片间距为3mm、翅片高度为12.5mm,换热器的换热性能最佳。     

A study of the fouling characteristics of EGR coolers in diesel engines

Diesel emission regulations have recently become more severe. An important goal in diesel engine research is the development of methods to reduce the emissions of NOx and PM (particulate matter). Cooled EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system has been widely used to reduce the NOx and PM emissions of light-duty diesel engines. In this study, numerical analyses, rig tests and engine tests were performed to assess how changes in internal shape characteristics can improve the heat exchange efficiencies of EGR coolers. The heat exchange efficiencies of EGR coolers have been numerically and experimentally measured during a fouling process. The results show that the second type of oval EGR cooler tested (oval #2) exhibited better heat exchange efficiency than either the first type of oval EGR cooler was tested (oval #1) or the shell and tube cooler examined. The turbulence generated in exhaust gas flows by the wavy-finned design of the oval EGR coolers facilitated PM desorption that allows these coolers to self-purify. With respect to the two similar oval EGR coolers, the cooler with fin pitch 4 mm has better efficiency than the cooler with fin pitch 6 mm due to differences in the heat transfer areas of these coolers. Both CFD analyses involving extreme conditions of engine operation and engine fouling tests involving conditions experienced during vehicular operation indicate that the two oval coolers differed by less than 4% with respect to both initial heat transfer efficiency and heat transfer efficiency after a 78-hour fouling test.     

Experimental investigation on the airside performance of fin-and-tube heat exchangers having herringbone wave fins and proposal of a new heat transfer and pressure drop correlation

The heat transfer and friction characteristics of fin-and-tube heat exchangers having herringbone wave fins were experimentally investigated. Eighteen samples having different fin pitches (1.34 mm to 2.54 mm) and tube rows (one to four) were tested. For all the samples, the waffle depth and the corrugation angle of the fin was 1.14 mm and 11.7^o respectively. Results showed that the j factors were insensitive to fin pitch, while f factors increased as the fin pitch increased. As the number of tube rows increased, both the j and f factors decreased. However, the effect of tube row diminished as the Reynolds number increased, at least for j factors. Existing correlations failed to adequately predict the present data. A new correlation was developed based on existing data, which significantly improved the predictions of the present data.     

散热器空气侧百叶窗翅片结构参数优化

对散热器空气侧的百叶窗翅片建立三维流固耦合的模型,运用Laminar方法进行数值模拟,结果表明传热与压降特性与实验关联式吻合较好,模型得以验证;为进一步阐明汽车内散热器空气侧的强化传热翅片的性能,分别考察了不同的翅片高度、窗翅高度、翅片厚度和翅片节距等结构参数对传热系数和压降的影响,得到了一组综合性能较好的百叶窗翅片结构参数。     

Heat transfer and pressure drop amidst frost layer presence for the full geometry of fin-tube heat exchanger

The present study numerically solves the flow and thermal fields in the full geometry of heat exchanger modeling with frost layer presence on the heat exchanger surface. The effects of air inlet velocity, air inlet temperature, frost layer thickness, fin pitch, fin thickness, and heat exchanger shape on the thermo-hydraulic performance of a fin-tube heat exchanger are investigated. Heat transfer rate rises with increasing air inlet velocity and temperature, and decreasing frost layer thickness and fin pitch. Pressure drop rises with increasing air inlet velocity and frost layer thickness, and decreasing fin pitch. The effect of fin thickness on heat transfer and pressure drop is negligible. Based on the present results, we derived the correlations, which express pressure drop and temperature difference between air inlet and outlet as a function of air inlet velocity and temperature, as well as frost layer thickness.     

扁管空冷器翅片结构优化研究

基于带翅片的扁管空冷器的传热过程,对带翅片的扁管建立模型,并利用该模型在不同的翅片长度及不同风速下进行数值模拟,分析了翅片长度的选择与迎面风速的关系。分析结果表明,当翅片长度增加到一定值后,通过增加翅片长度的手段来强化换热性能收效很小;在低迎面风速下,翅片长度不要过长;在高迎面风速下,仍存在较大的传热温差,空气出口温度的增加只能通过增加翅片长度来完成。     

The effects of design and operating factors on the frost growth and thermal performance of a flat plate fin-tube heat exchanger under the frosting condition

An experimental study of the effects of various factors (fin pitch, fin arrangement, air temperature, air humidity, and air velocity) on the frost growth and thermal performance of a fin-tube heat exchanger has been conducted under the frosting condition. It is found that the thermal performance of a heat exchanger is closely related to the blockage ratio of the air flow passages due to the frost growth. The maximum allowable blockage ratio is used to determine the criteria for the optimal operating conditions of a fin-tube heat exchanger. It is also shown that heat transfer rate of heat exchanger with staggered fin arrangement increases about 17% and the time required for heat transfer rate to reach a maximum value becomes longer, compared with those of an inline fin-tube heat exchanger under the frosting condition. The energy transfer resistance between the air and coolant decreases with the increase of inlet air temperature and velocity and with decreasing inlet air humidity.     

新型同轴套管式换热器强化传热研究

同轴套管式地热能开采技术是用于中深层地热能开采的有效方式。为了增强同轴套管式换热器的换热效率,提出了一种带螺旋翅片的新型同轴套管式换热器。基于有限体积法,对比分析新型与普通型同轴套管式换热器的换热性能,得到螺旋翅片结构对换热性能的影响,揭示其强化传热机理。结果表明：通过增加螺旋翅片的翅高或减小螺旋翅片的螺距,可有效增强同轴套管式换热器内流体流动的湍流动能,达到提高换热性能的目的;与普通光滑管换热器相比,翅高为19 mm,螺距为300 mm的新型换热器在雷诺数为27000时,努赛尔数提高了35.5%,摩擦系数提高了91%,热性能系数达到最高1.093;增加翅片和减小螺距都可以增加采出温度和采热功率,翅高为19 mm,螺距为300 mm换热器较光滑管换热器采热温度提高了5.4 K,采热功率提高了32.4%。为高效同轴套管式换热器设计提供了理论依据。     

横向管间距对开缝翅片管性能的影响及降噪方法的探讨

在分析窗式和分体式空调器特点的基础上,探讨两种家用空调器的优缺点。应用SIMPLE算法对空调用开缝翅片管表面的传热及流动阻力特性进行了三维数值模拟,研究了横向管间距对空调器换热和阻力性能的影响,在翅片间距和进口流量保持不变的情况下,计算了横向管间距从10.5mm变化到12.5mm等五种工况,得出随着横向管间距的增大,换热器两端压降减小,换热略有增加以及单位泵功换热量先增加然后减小的结论。计算结果表明,当横向管间距为11.97mm时单位泵功换热量最大。     

新型纵向流油冷却器传热性能及压降的试验研究

对两种不同角度的螺纹翅片管,分别在螺旋折流板及新型壳程挡板支撑下的3种结构的油冷却器进行了传热与阻力性能试验,结果表明,翅片角为5°的螺纹翅片管的传热性能比翅片角为13.5°的螺纹翅片管提高10%～30%,而流动阻力相差很小。对于同角度的螺纹翅片管油冷却器,新型阻流片壳程挡板虽然传热效果不及螺旋折流板,但是其壳程压降较螺旋折流板降低30%～40%,且单位压降下的热交换量提高10%～40%,这种结构对于大流量、长径比大且对壳程压降要求较高的油冷却器有一定的研究意义。