A fault identification method of rotating machinerybased on t-SNEEI北大核心CSCD

A fault identification method ofrotating machinery is proposed,which combines wavelet packet of time-frequency analysis and manifold learning.Firstly,the sampled vibration signal is decomposed to multilayer information with wavelet packet decomposition(WPD) method.Andevery level data of wavelet packet decomposition is processed bydemodulatingof Hilbert transform,eliminating the high frequency noiseof FIR filterand reducing the data length of the low frequency of resampling.Further,every level data vector is deal with normalization and calculated for the auto power spectrum.Finally,the manifold learning methods of t distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE) is applied to do dimension reduction to generate 2D manifold figure data.Different fault forms of gearbox have different manifold features,which is used to identify failure status of equipment.With the experiment test,the feasibility and effectiveness of this identification method is verified.     

A fault identification method of rotating machinerybased on t-SNE

A fault identification method ofrotating machinery is proposed,which combines wavelet packet of time-frequency analysis and manifold learning.Firstly,the sampled vibration signal is decomposed to multilayer information with wavelet packet decomposition(WPD) method.Andevery level data of wavelet packet decomposition is processed bydemodulatingof Hilbert transform,eliminating the high frequency noiseof FIR filterand reducing the data length of the low frequency of resampling.Further,every level data vector is deal with normalization and calculated for the auto power spectrum.Finally,the manifold learning methods of t distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE) is applied to do dimension reduction to generate 2D manifold figure data.Different fault forms of gearbox have different manifold features,which is used to identify failure status of equipment.With the experiment test,the feasibility and effectiveness of this identification method is verified.     

Gearbox fault detection using Hilbert and wavelet packet transform

Demodulation is an important issue in gearbox fault detection. Non-stationary modulating signals increase difficulties of demodulation. Though wavelet packet transform has better time–frequency localisation, because of the existence of meshing frequencies, their harmonics, and coupling frequencies generated by modulation, fault detection results using wavelet packet transform alone are usually unsatisfactory, especially for a multi-stage gearbox which contains close or identical frequency components. This paper proposes a new fault detection method that combines Hilbert transform and wavelet packet transform. Both simulated signals and real vibration signals collected from a gearbox dynamics simulator are used to verify the proposed method. Analysed results show that the proposed method is effective to extract modulating signal and help to detect the early gear fault.     

基于小波包分析的液压泵状态监测方法

液压泵是液压系统中的关键部件,对其运行状态的监测与故障诊断对整个液压系统的可靠性具有重要意义。基于小波包分解和小波系数残差分析方法,提出一种利用液压泵出口压力进行液压泵故障诊断的方法。通过分析液压泵出口处压力信号的特征,利用小波包对压力信号进行频谱分解,提取液压泵的故障特征,建立不同频率范围的特征信号与液压泵不同故障因素的对应关系,为液压泵的故障诊断与定位提供依据。利用小波包能量残差判别液压泵的运行健康状态,并比较不同小波基函数在故障诊断时的敏感度。为减小小波分析时边界效应所引起的信号畸变,引入“滑动双窗口”的分析方法。试验结果表明,与快速傅里叶方法相比,基于小波包分解的残差分析方法可有效提高故障诊断的准确率,实现对液压泵的状态监测与故障诊断。     

小波分析在车辆故障诊断中的应用

车辆变速箱振动信号可用小波分析法预处理后，再用小波包能量尺度图分析法识别故障，按此法对BJ212变速箱准确地进行了故障识别，结果表明利用小波分析进行变速箱故障诊断的方法行之有效。     

Fault diagnosis of star-connected auto-transformer based 24-pulse rectifier

This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for star-connected auto-transformer based 24-pulse rectifier unit (ATRU) by integrating artificial neural networks (ANN) with wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) and principal component analysis (PCA). The WPD is employed to extract the features of different fault waveforms of the output voltage of the rectifier. PCA is adopted to reduce the dimensionality of the extracted feature vectors, which leads to fast computation of the algorithm. Back Propagation (BP) neural network is adopted to classify the fault types and determine the fault location according to the extracted features. These faults are simulated in real-time simulation platform and the obtained data are then analyzed with MATLAB toolbox, and finally verified with digital signal processor. Compared with other diagnosis methods, the proposed method shows better performance and faster computing speed.     

基于改进经验小波变换的行星齿轮箱故障诊断

行星齿轮箱振动信号具有复杂多分量和调幅-调频的特点。幅值解调和频率解调方法能够避免传统Fourier频谱中的复杂边带分析,有效识别故障特征频率。经验小波变换通过对信号Fourier频谱的分割构造一组正交滤波器组,能提取具有紧支撑Fourier频谱的单分量成分,再对单分量成分运用Hilbert变换即可实现信号的解调分析。经验小波变换能够有效分离出调幅-调频成分,不存在模态混叠现象,具有完备的理论基础,自适应性好、算法简单、计算速度快。将改进的经验小波变换应用于行星齿轮箱振动信号的解调分析;提出了一种单分量个数的估算方法,解决了经验小波变换中的Fourier频谱划分问题;给出了对故障敏感的信号分量的选取方法,提高了分析的针对性。将改进方法应用于行星齿轮箱振动仿真信号和实验信号分析,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于时频融合和注意力机制的深度学习行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法

针对行星齿轮箱振动信号频率成分复杂和时变性强的问题,提出了基于时频融合和注意力机制的深度学习行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,采用小波包分解将原始振动信号分解到频带和时间两个维度作为输入数据;然后,使用卷积神经网络融合数据的频带特征,使用双向门控循环单元融合时序特征;接着采用注意力结构对不同时间点的特征自适应地进行动态加权融合;最后通过分类器进行识别,实现行星齿轮箱的端对端故障诊断。实验表明,该方法对比现有的深度学习故障诊断模型具有更高准确率,能够对行星齿轮箱多种健康状态进行准确地诊断。     

复小波分解联合SVD提取振动信号非平稳特征

针对齿轮箱故障信号的多分量多频调制特点,提出了一种基于奇异值分解的最优小波解调技术。首先,采用小波变换的最小Shannon熵作为时间尺度分辨率的度量指标,将其应用到Morlet分析小波的参数优化选择中;其次,对常规小波参数选择方法进行了改进,利用奇异值分解技术对最优小波变化尺度进行了迭代搜索。该方法可以很好地降低噪声信号,有效提取信号中的周期成分,具有较好的瞬态信息提取能力。试验结果也表明了该方法在齿轮箱故障特征提取中的重要性以及降噪方法的有效性。     

基于改进谐波小波包分解的滚动轴承复合故障特征分离方法

为解决滚动轴承单通道振动信号中复合故障特征难以分离的问题,提出了基于改进谐波小波包分解的轴承复合故障特征分离方法。首先,改进了二进谐波小波包分解方法,提出了连续谐波小波包分解方法,克服了信号分解后子带个数和带宽范围受二进制划分的缺陷;然后,采用谐波窗分解提取信号中频率成分集中的频段,根据轴承各单点故障特征频率确定分解层数,进行连续谐波小波包分解,利用能量算子包络解调得到子带信号中各个单点故障的权重因子;最后,重构轴承各单点故障信号,实现复合故障的特征分离和提取。对仿真信号和实测轴承内、外圈复合故障信号分析的结果表明,该方法能将轴承单通道复合故障信号分解到不同的通道中,实现了复合故障特征的分离,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

基于小波包参数模型的滚动轴承智能故障诊断

针对平稳自回归模型无法准确描述滚动轴承振动信号的非平稳性,提出一种结合小波包分解与自回归模型的故障特征提取方法,以提取能准确反映轴承运行状态的特征向量。首先,通过小波包变换对滚动轴承运行时产生的非平稳振动信号进行分解,得到一系列刻画原始信号特征的系数;然后,利用自相关算法对各系数建立自回归模型,并将自回归模型的参数作为特征向量;最后,采用支持向量机分类器对提取的特征向量进行故障分类,从而实现滚动轴承的智能故障诊断。仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

广义平滑对数正则化稀疏分解方法研究及其在齿轮箱复合故障诊断中的应用

齿轮箱由于其工况复杂、工作环境恶劣,极易发生故障,并且振动信号中往往包含多种成分并且伴随着强烈的背景噪声,给齿轮箱故障诊断带来了很大的困难。稀疏分解方法能够在强背景噪声下有效地提取瞬态特征成分,针对传统稀疏分解方法存在的计算效率低,幅值低估以及估计精度不足等问题,提出了一种基于调Q小波变换(Tunable Q-factor wavelet transform,TQWT)作为稀疏表示字典的广义平滑对数正则化稀疏分解方法。该方法研究了满足紧框架条件的TQWT来构建稀疏表示字典,然后基于Moreau包络平滑思想提出广义平滑对数正则化方法,该罚函数可以在保持幅值的基础上精确重构出齿轮箱故障瞬态成分,最后利用前向后项分裂(Forward-backward splitting,FBS)算法精确求解该稀疏表示模型。仿真信号和试验信号验证了所提方法在齿轮箱复合故障诊断中的有效性。     

改进小波去噪Teager算子的齿轮微弱故障提取方法

针对齿轮箱在强噪声背景下齿轮微弱故障振动信号的特征不易被提取的问题,提出将改进小波去噪和Teager能量算子相结合的微弱故障特征提取方法。采用改进小波阈值函数对振动信号进行去噪处理,与形态学滤波和传统小波阈值函数相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)得到若干本征模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),计算各IMF分量与原信号的相关系数并结合各IMF分量的频谱剔除虚假分量。对有效的IMF分量计算其Teager能量算子,并重构得到Teager能量谱,对重构信号进行时频分析并将其结果与原信号的希尔伯特黄变换(HilbertHuang transform,简称HHT)得到的边际谱进行对比。实验研究结果表明,本研究方法相比HHT能够对齿轮微弱故障特征进行更为有效地提取,验证了本研究方法在齿轮箱微弱故障诊断中的可行性。     

IMPROVED METHOD FOR HILBERT INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY ESTIMATION

In the mechanical fault detection and diagnosis field, it is more and more important to analyze the instantaneous frequency (IF) character of complex vibration signal. The improved IF estimation method is put forward aiming at the shortage of traditional Hilbert transform. It is based on Hilbert transform in wavelet domain. With the help of relationship between the real part and the imaginary part obtained from the complex coefficient of continuous wavelet transform or the analytical signal reconstructed in wavelet packet decomposition, the instantaneous phase function of the subcomponent is extracted. In order to improve the precise of IF estimated out, some means such as Linear regression, adaptive filtering, resampling are applied into the instantaneous phase obtained, then, the central differencing operator is used to get desired IF. Simulation results with synthetic and gearbox fault signals are included to illustrate the proposed method.     

Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on the statistical parameters of wavelet packet paving and a generic support vector regressive classifier

The fault diagnosis of rotating machinery has attracted considerable research attention in recent years because such components as bearings and gears frequently suffer failure, resulting in unexpected machine breakdowns. Signal processing-based condition monitoring and fault diagnosis methods have proved effective in fault identification, but the revelation of faults from the resulting signals requires a high degree of expertise. In addition, it is difficult to extract the fault-induced signatures in complex machinery via signal processing-based methods. In this paper, a new intelligent fault diagnosis scheme based on the extraction of statistical parameters from the paving of a wavelet packet transform (WPT), a distance evaluation technique (DET) and a support vector regression (SVR)-based generic multi-class solver is proposed. The collected signals are first pre-processed by the WPT at different decomposition depths. In this paper, the wavelet packet coefficients at different decomposition depths are referred to as WPT paving. Statistical parameters are then extracted from the signals obtained via the WPT at different decomposition depths. In selecting the sensitive fault features for fault pattern expression, a DET is employed to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space. Finally, a SVR-based generic multi-class solver is proposed to identify the different fault patterns of rotating machinery. The effectiveness of the proposed intelligent fault diagnosis scheme is validated separately using datasets from bearing and gearbox test rigs. In addition, the effects of different wavelet basis functions on the performance of the proposed scheme are investigated experimentally. The results demonstrate that the proposed intelligent fault diagnosis scheme is highly accurate in differentiating the fault patterns of both bearings and gears.     

基于小波包和AR谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳性,提出了一种基于小波包和AR谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法对系统输出信号进行小波包分解,然后进行重构,再对重构信号进行AR谱分析,从而提取出故障特征频率.试验结果表明,这种方法能有效地提取滚动轴承的故障特征,诊断其故障.     

基于小波包变换与样本熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号的不规则性和复杂性可以反映轴承故障的发生和发展,提出一种基于小波包变换与样本熵的轴承故障诊断方法。样本熵可以较少地依赖时间序列的长度,将轴承振动信号进行3层小波包分解,利用分解得到的各个频带的样本熵值作为特征向量,利用支持向量机对轴承故障进行分类。对轴承内圈故障、滚动体故障和外圈故障3种故障及不同损伤程度的实测数据进行实验,结果表明该方法取得较高的识别率,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

改进的小波包变换方法在齿轮箱故障诊断中的应用

介绍了小波包变换的改进方法,将其应用于齿轮箱的故障诊断中,避免了混频现象,有效地提取出齿轮箱故障特征,提高了故障诊断的准确率。     

自适应改进双树复小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断

针对双树复小波变换存在频率混叠以及参数需自定义的缺陷,提出自适应改进双树复小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,利用双树复小波变换将信号进行分解和单支重构,采用粒子群算法将分解后分量峭度值作为适应度函数,选择双树复小波的最优分解层数;其次,对重构出的低频信号进行频谱分析提取故障特征,将单支重构后的各高频分量进行变分模态分解,通过峭度值获得各高频分量经变分模态分解后的主频率分量信号;最后,分析各主频率分量信号的频谱,识别齿轮箱的故障特征。结果表明,该方法与双树复小波变换和变分模态分解相比,不仅消除了频率混叠现象,提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且还提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力。     

基于小波包时域重构的汽车发动机燃烧状态分析

针对康明斯发动机的不同状态 ,利用小波包对发动机缸盖的振动信号进行了分析 ,通过改进的小波包信号重构方法在时域内分析了发动机气缸的燃烧状态 ,提出了发动机故障诊断的时域方法。研究结果表明 :利用小波包分解与重构技术在时域内便能直观地识别气缸的燃烧状态 ,该方法为复杂机械的故障诊断提供了新思路