直链脂肪酸与直链脂肪醇混合对钢—钢和钢—铝摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

本文利用四球摩擦磨损试验机和SRV摩擦磨损试验机研究了直链脂肪酸和直链脂肪醇以及其混合物对钢－钢、钢－铝摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明，对钢－钢和钢－铝摩擦副的润滑，直链脂肪酸和直链脂肪醇混合物的抗磨性能要优于单独的直链脂肪酸和直链脂肪醇的抗磨性能。     

基础油粘度对磨损自补偿性影响研究

本文对两种载荷下钢－铜摩擦副在不同粘度的润滑介质（其中包括含有和未含自补偿剂ＳＷ４）作用下的摩擦学特性进行了研究。发现自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４与常规润滑添加剂不同,基础油粘度越低,载荷越大,钢－铜摩擦副的磨损越上,其磨损自补偿性能越好,自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４为油品的低粘化提供了一条有效途径     

外加电压对边界润滑下钢/铜摩擦副摩擦磨损的影响

利用球盘式摩擦试验机，针对150SN油润滑下的GCr15/ZCu10Fe3摩擦副，研究了不同极性的外加直流电压对其摩擦系数和磨损状态的影响，并结合磨痕的能谱分析，探讨了外加电压对其摩擦磨损性能的作用机理。     

磨损自补偿的载荷效应研究

通过载荷对磨损自补偿添加剂的性能的影响研究,发现在磨损自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４的作用下,钢－铜摩擦副的磨损量与载荷无关;而且载荷越大,钢－铜摩擦副的磨损自补偿效应越显著,这些结果不同于传统的摩擦学理论。因此。磨损自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４特别适合于重载工况下运行的钢－铜摩擦副,如轧钢厂压下系统的丝杆－螺母副,为提高这类重载钢－铜摩擦副的寿命和可靠性提供了一条有效途径。     

BP神经网络理论对磨损自补偿过程的预测

本文通过钢－钢摩擦副的摩擦学性能的对比研究,发现在磨损自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４作用下,钢－钢摩擦副也象钢－钢摩擦副一样具有磨损的自补偿性能,其摩擦系数和磨损量相对下降了很多;同时,利用ＢＰ神经网络理论对钢－钢摩擦副的摩擦学过程,特别是其磨损自补偿过程进行了预测,该方法与传统的建模方法相比,具有运算时间短,使用数据少,不需要严格的数学模型等优点,其预测值与试验值非常接近。     

不同介质下ER8车轮钢滑动摩擦磨损性能

为探讨车轮在不同环境下服役时摩擦因数的变化机制，通过滑动摩擦试验机考察不同载荷下，ER8车轮钢分别在干燥空气、纯水、3.5%氯化钠溶液3种环境下的摩擦磨损性能。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、非接触三维表面轮廓仪、X射线衍射仪对磨痕及元素组成进行了分析，探讨不同环境下ER8车轮钢的摩擦磨损机制。结果表明：随着载荷的增大，ER8车轮钢的摩擦因数明显增大；列车的服役环境对车轮的摩擦磨损性能有较大影响，在干燥空气环境下，ER8车轮钢无腐蚀状况，磨痕宽度最小，但摩擦因数最大，可达0.503;在盐水环境下，ER8车轮钢出现腐蚀现象，磨痕宽度最大，但摩擦因数最小；干摩擦下ER8车轮钢的磨损机制为黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损，纯水摩擦和3.5%NaCl溶液环境下的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

铜对钢摩擦条件下润滑油和极压抗磨剂的抗磨性考察

一般钢对钢摩擦的模拟试验机不能正确反映铜对钢摩擦副的摩擦特性。本文提出了一种简便的铜对钢四球机测试方法，可测出铜磨损值，并对不同粘度的基础油和常用极压抗磨剂作了Ｆｅ－Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ－Ｆｅ的摩擦特性对比。     

磷嗪对Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用SRV型微动摩擦磨损实验机考察Ti6Al4V-钢摩擦副在磷嗪(X-1P)润滑下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析Ti6Al4V磨斑表面形貌和典型元素的化学状态。结果表明,X-1P作为Ti6Al4V-钢摩擦副的润滑剂,具有很好的润滑性能;摩擦因数随载荷的增加变化不显著,磨损率随载荷的增加逐渐增大;频率和振幅明显影响摩擦学性能,磨损率随频率的增加逐渐减小,随振幅的增加逐渐增大;在Ti6Al4V-钢摩擦副中,X-1P由于含有极性元素F、P,Ti6Al4V的磨损表面主要发生腐蚀磨损,其磨损机制为X-1P在磨损表面发生摩擦化学反应,形成一层含O、C、F、N、P的保护膜以及金属氟化物,从而起到抗磨减摩作用。     

碳酸酯对Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用SRV型微动摩擦磨损实验机分别考察了Ti6Al4V-钢摩擦副在2种碳酸酯润滑下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了Ti6Al4V磨斑表面形貌和典型元素的化学状态。结果表明,2种碳酸酯作为Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副的润滑剂所表现出的减摩抗磨和承载能力优于其相对应的脂肪醇;载荷和频率明显影响Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副在碳酸酯润滑下的摩擦磨损行为;碳酸二-2-乙基己酯所表现出的减摩抗磨和承载能力明显优于碳酸二辛酯;2种碳酸酯对Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副的润滑机制为在Ti6Al4V磨损表面形成吸附膜,从而起到减摩抗磨的作用。     

油润滑下频率对GCr15／45^#钢摩擦副摩擦磨损特性的影响

利用DELTALAB-NENE DS20型高精度液压式微动试验机在齿轮油润滑条件下,对GCr15/45#钢摩擦副进行了微动磨损实验,研究了频率对GCr15/45#钢摩擦副对摩时的摩擦学性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)对45#钢的表面磨痕进行了观察和分析.结果表明,随着频率的增大,摩擦因数总体呈减小的趋势;随频率的增加,磨斑面积呈现减小趋势;其磨损机制为疲劳磨损,磨斑伴随有剥落痕迹.     

Friction and Wear of Hybrid PTFE/Kevlar Fabric Composite Filled with ZnO Nanoparticles Sliding against Steel,Copper, and Aluminum

ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into phenolic resin and the effect of the ZnO content on tribological properties of hybrid polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Kevlar fabric/phenolic composite was investigated. Fabric composite filled with 5 wt.% ZnO nanoparticles sliding against steel, copper, or aluminum was investigated in detail. Friction and wear tests showed that fabric composite/steel exhibited lower friction coefficient and wear rate with varied loads and speeds. It is believed that the coherent transfer film and tribochemical reactions involved in fabric composite/steel contributed to the reduced friction coefficient and wear rate of the fabric composite.     

两种受电靴材料与不锈钢带电接触摩擦磨损特性的试验研究

在销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上分别进行了不锈钢／铜基烧结合金材料和不锈钢／铜石墨烧结材料接触的载流摩擦磨损行为的试验研究。在试验中记录了摩擦因数和磨损量的变化，并对磨痕形貌进行了光学显微镜观察。结果显示，电流对2种摩擦副带电接触的摩擦磨损行为有重要的影响。2种材料的摩擦因数随电流的增大而呈现截然相反的变化趋势，但两者的磨损量却随电流的增加而增大。不锈钢／铜基烧结合金材料的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损及氧化磨损。不锈钢／铜石墨烧结材料磨损机制包括磨粒、粘着磨损和电弧烧蚀，其中电弧烧蚀对磨损量的影响随电流的增大而增加。     

硬脂酸铝液润滑下的GCr15/45副的电摩擦性能

通过辅助电极 ,考察了不同极性、不同幅值的电压对 0 4%硬脂酸铝液润滑下的GCr15 /4 5副的电摩擦性能。结果表明 :工作电极上施加负电压时 ,系统的摩擦系数显著升高。随着负电压幅值增高 ,摩擦系数的增加幅度也相应加大 ;而施加正电压对摩擦系数没有影响。随着外加电压幅值增加 ,GCr15钢球的磨痕直径增大 ;正电压作用下 ,磨痕直径比同幅值下负电压作用时的小。用电化学反应所生成的皂化膜的吸附特性解释了系统的电摩擦性能。     

Transfer Solid Lubrication of Aluminum Sliding Contacts

The effects of transfer from solid lubricant sticks of unfilled, glass-filled, and bronze-filled PTFE on the room-temperature wear and friction of trailing primary contacts of aluminum (6061 T6) rods in repetitive intermittent contacts were investigated in a ring-on-rod configuration. The materials of the ring countersurfaces upon which the solid lubricants transferred and against which the trailing aluminum rods wore included steel, aluminum, copper, and an oxide dispersion-strengthened copper alloy. This sliding of the unlubricated copper ring countersurfaces against the aluminum led to the roughening of the copper as large (> 1 mm) aluminum particles embedded themselves upon the countersurface, with consequent transitions in the aluminum wear rate and the coefficient of friction to values exceeding 6 × 10^{? 3} mm³/Nm and 0.6, respectively, after an incubation period of several initial contacts of lower wear rate and friction. The other ring countersurface materials resulted in similarly high aluminum rod wear rate and coefficient of friction, more nearly from the onset of sliding. The application of unfilled PTFE solid lubricant transfer reduced the aluminum's gouging of the copper countersurfaces and correspondingly reduced the aluminum rod wear rate and the coefficient of friction against the copper, as well as against all other countersurface materials, towards 2 × 10^?3 mm³/Nm and 0.3 or less, respectively. Glass- and bronze-filled PTFE transfer lubricants provided reductions in the wear rate of the aluminum rod comparable to or in some cases better than the unfilled PTFE, though the unfilled PTFE transfer lubricant in several cases provided better friction reduction.     

车轮钢摩擦副滚动摩擦磨损特性研究

在NENE-2型磨损试验机上利用往复滚动试验装置研究了不同制动状态下车轮钢的滚动摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:不同滚滑状态下的切向摩擦力是变化的,随制动力的增加,滚动摩擦副对应的摩擦因数和摩擦阻力相应增大;平面试样的表面磨痕形貌由于切向摩擦力的变化而明显不同;随切向摩擦力的增大滚动磨损机制亦发生改变,从磨粒磨损逐渐转变为粘着磨损,磨损加剧且磨痕深度变大。     

The Wear of Copper,Aluminum, Mild Steel,and Zinc,and Their Wear Particle Shape Factors

Unlubricated, highly loaded sliding experiments were conducted for systems of mild steel, copper, aluminum, and zinc. Load is critical in determining the wear mode. A Cocks wedge mechanism is the primary method of wear for copper, and for aluminum until a critical temperature is reached. The wear of steel is characterized by the formation of small un-joined fragments.

The surfaces of wear particles were of two types; copper showed one type, and aluminum, mild steel, and zinc the other.

Wear particle shape can be characterized by the ratios of dimensions (L/W) and (L/H). These factors are easily determined to good accuracy, and have distributions which are both far different in form and mean values for the various metals. The mean values of the shape factors are independent of particle size, and of each other.

Surface roughness is not related to wear particle size for highly loaded sliding.     

陶瓷涂层/钢的摩擦磨损性能研究

在室温，载荷40，180，320N和速度100，200，300r／min下，对二氧化钛涂层试件与GCr15钢进行了油润滑情况下的球盘式摩擦磨损试验。结果表明：在油润滑的条件下，涂层的摩擦性能几乎都有很大的改善，摩擦因数呈下降的趋势，这与载荷所致的接触应力有关；在载荷一定的情况下，摩擦因数随着速度的增大而减小；在300r／min的高速情况下，随着载荷的增大，圆盘的磨损量呈下降的趋势。针对摩擦磨损试验中圆盘磨损量出现的负增长，提出了一种滑动摩擦磨损机制，此模型可以很好地解释试验中所出现的现象。     

Effect of High-Density Electric Current on Wear and Average Temperature of Steel/Steel Triboelectric Contact

In this paper, we presented studies of the sliding friction without lubrication of Hadfield steel, ShKh15 bearing steel, and AISI steel 1020 against AISI steel 1045 upon applying an electric current with a contact density higher 100 A/cm². We showed that the intensity of the surface layer deterioration increased with increasing current density. The catastrophic wear of materials begins at different values of the current density and at close values of the wear energy intensity. The dependences of the average contact temperatures on the current have been determined. The major conclusion is that it is impractical to harden the primary structure by alloys to achieve a low wear rate.     

Tribological Properties of Double-Glow Plasma Surface Niobizing on Low-Carbon Steel

The niobized layer was formed on Q235 low-carbon steel by double-glow plasma surface niobizing to improve its wear resistance. The microstructure, phase composition, and microhardness were determined. The friction and wear properties of the niobized samples and the untreated alloys were tested on a ball-on-disk tribometer by rubbing against GCr15 and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) balls at room temperature and 400°C, respectively. The results indicated that the alloyed layer that contained a sediment layer and diffusion layer is about 35 μm in thickness, metallurgically adhered to the base metal. Niobium content was gradually decreased along the depth direction from the surface, which was similar to the change in the microhardness. The alloying layer mainly consisted of Nb, Fe₂Nb, and FeNb phases. Under unlubricated sliding conditions, the friction coefficients and the specific wear rates were lower than those of the untreated carbon steel at room and high temperatures. The wear mechanism of the niobized specimen at room temperature is dominated by slightly abrasive wear, whereas the predominant wear mechanism is abrasive wear and fatigue delamination at high temperature.