某夹具结构模态仿真与试验及相关性验证

针对某雷达夹具,首先系统地介绍了LMS试验模态测试方法,得到了该结构的固有频率与振型,进一步使用有限元方法计算了结构的自由模态.在此基础上,研究了仿真模态结果与试验模态结果的差异,给出了相关性分析的预处理方法,进而得到了试验模态与仿真模态的相关性结果,验证了仿真模型的有效性,为进一步的频谱分析,减少样机试验奠定基础.     

基于ANSYS的飞机炮舱段结构模态分析与结构优化

针对飞机炮舱段结构主要由薄壁和加强筋组成的特点,在有限元分析软件ANSYS8.0中建立了该结构的有限元模型,并分析了炮舱段结构的模态特性。以模态分析的结果为依据,对飞机炮舱段结构进行了结构优化。通过优化设计使炮舱段低阶模态响应峰值区域避开了油箱底板,改善了炮舱段结构的局部模态特性,使整体刚度更加协调,有效地减小了因结构耦合振动而引起的整体油箱损坏故障。这种分析改进方法可以推广应用到其它飞机的结构优化中,具有较大的工程实用价值。     

相控阵雷达天线局部模态截断

动力学仿真计算较为关注承力构件的刚强度,其他构件仅对整体结构提供一定的刚度作用。当其他构件数量多、模态频率低时,容易出现重频和密频现象明显的局部模态,严重影响计算效率。文中提出利用模态综合法对非承力构件进行局部模态截断,既保留了其与主体结构的连接刚度,又消除了局部模态的影响,从而提高了仿真计算效率。针对相控阵雷达天线结构的精细有限元模型开展了局部模态截断研究,仿真结果表明,截断后的模态在保持原有精度的基础上,可以大幅提高动力学分析的计算效率。     

轻型客车驱动桥振动噪声源分析与改进

对某轻型客车后驱动桥进行传动系台架试验并分析其振动噪声异常的原因,通过逆向工程方法建立后桥的三维数字化模型和有限元模型并做有限元模态分析,通过模态试验对有限元模型进行了验证。针对双曲面齿轮对冲击过大、桥壳整体弯曲共振和桥壳后盖局部共振等问题提出改进措施并通过台架试验加以验证。试验结果表明,振动噪声降低明显,改进措施切实有效。     

空间遥感器支撑桁架的模态计算与试验

为保证空间遥感器成功发射,采用有限元法计算了主要承受动力学载荷支撑桁架的模态特性,用锤击法对支撑桁架实物进行了模态测试。对计算结果与试验结果的模态频率进行了对比,用视觉比较、模态置信准则等方法进行了模态振型相关性分析。结果表明,桁架结构的一阶频率为154 Hz,满足了一阶频率＞140 Hz的设计要求;桁架结构的有限元模型平均频率计算误差＜10%,局部存在与试验结果相关性＜0.5的振型,需要进一步的修正,才能满足后续工程的应用要求。     

运用曲率模态技术的木梁损伤定量识别

为对木结构构件局部缺陷进行有效检测,结合试验模态分析和有限元模拟方法,对含不同位置、大小和数量孔洞缺陷的木梁进行研究,计算其第1阶位移模态振型和曲率模态,分析木梁损伤前后的曲率模态变化,探讨模态分析方法在木材缺陷检测中的适用性.研究结果表明:曲率模态是一个对木梁损伤比较敏感的参数,可用于对孔洞位置、大小及数量进行定量的估计;通过降低有限元模型局部单元的弹性模量能够较好地模拟木梁损伤,有限元模态分析和试验模态分析得到的位移模态振型及曲率模态吻合均较好,验证了模态分析对木梁无损检测是一种有效的方法.     

基于曲率模态的木梁损伤定量识别

为对木结构构件局部缺陷进行 有效检测,结合试验模态分析和有限元模拟方法,对含不同位置、大小和数量孔洞缺陷的木梁 进行研究,计算其第1阶位移模态振型和曲率模态,分析木梁损伤前后的曲率模态变化,探讨 模态分析方法在木材缺陷检测中的适用性。研究结果表明:曲率模态是一个对木梁损伤比较 敏感的参数,可用于对孔洞位置、大小及数量进行定量的估计;通过降低有限元模型局部单 元的弹性模量能够较好地模拟木梁损伤,有限元模态分析和试验模态分析得到的位移模态振 型及曲率模态吻合均较好,验证了模态分析对木梁无损检测是一种有效的方法。     

复合材料机翼试验-数值建模方法及气弹分析

针对机翼结构动力学建模中复合材料离散性引起的精度问题,以及求解速度对机翼气动弹性计算速率的影响,提出了结合模态试验和模态法建立动力学模型的方法。为了提高求解速度,基于模态贡献对机翼模态进行了截断;随后进行了全模态和模态截断的静载数值计算与试验验证。缩减模型的求解结果与全模态求解结果相比误差仅为0.25%左右,其相对于试验结果最大误差仅为6.0%,说明试验-数值建模方法能够准确描述复合材料机翼的动力学响应,并且基于模态贡献的模态截断能够缩减模型、大幅提高求解速度而不会影响求解精度;对机翼进行静、动气动弹性分析,结果表明气动弹性对机翼的动力学响应具有不可忽略的影响。     

使用应变模态和遗传算法的有限元模型修正方法

提出了采用应变模态置信度为待修正响应特征的有限元模型修正方法。应变模态置信度是评价有限元仿真与试验测试结果相关性的方法,可以为模型修正提供全局的频率误差信息和局部的应变相关性信息。首先,介绍了应变模态和有限元模型修正的相关理论方法;然后,以某航空加筋壁板结构为对象,通过仿真分析和"仿真试验"获得结构的应变模态频率以及对应的应变振型,进一步计算频率误差和应变模态置信度误差;最后,基于两种误差构造模型修正的目标函数,采用遗传算法对目标函数进行优化,修正结构中的待修正参数,并将修正后参数代入模型,验证所提方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明:所采用的方法获得的修正后有限元模型具有复现修正响应特征的能力,并且对于未修正频段内的响应也具有较好的预测能力。     

汽轮发电机定子机座振动模态分析与试验研究

针对某型号3MW余热汽轮发电机组的定子共振问题,基于NX平台完成了定子机座的固有频率和相应各阶模态振型的数值计算研究,并通过锤击激振法对样机定子机座进行模态测试;数值计算结果与试验数据的对比分析表明：试验结果与理论分析值吻合程度良好,验证了该样机模型的有效性和有限元模态分析结果的可靠性。     

Identification of modal parameters of unmeasured modes using multiple FRF modal analysis method

Current modal analysis methods seek to identify the modal parameters of some or all of the modes in the measured frequency range of interest. In many applications however, it will be very useful if modal parameters of some of the out-of-range modes can be identified during modal analysis. Such a goal is obviously theoretically possible since the raw measured frequency response functions (FRFs), upon which modal analysis is performed, do contain adequate information about the out-of-range modes in the form of residue contributions. In this paper, a new method for the estimation of modal parameters using multiple FRFs analysis is presented. In the process of modal identification, the proposed method not only presents accurate modal parameters of the modes which are present in the measurement frequency range, but also quite accurately identifies some of the modes which are not measured. The method calculates the required modal parameters by solving eigenvalue problem of an equivalent eigensystem derived from those measured FRF data. All measured FRFs are used simultaneously to construct the equivalent eigensystem matrices from which natural frequencies, damping loss factors and modeshape vectors of interest are solved. Since the identification problem is reduced to an eigenvalue problem of an equivalent system, natural frequencies and damping loss factors identified are consistent. Applications of the method to both numerically simulated and practically measured FRF data are given to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method and the results have shown the method is capable of accurately identifying modal parameters of out-of-range modes.     

涡轮盘结构模态分析

某火箭发动机涡轮盘在热试车中出现严重的裂纹故障,为确定故障原因,分析涡轮盘在高温及高转速下的模态特性.对比热试车涡轮泵试验数据,分析结果表明,改进前结构存在与转速6倍频耦合的涡轮盘模态,而改进后结构明显避开了耦合模态.同时,分析结果为后续结构动态响应研究提供准确的输入数据.     

某航天器仪器舱结构减振试验研究

改善大型结构的动态特性对航天器总体设计具有十分重要的意义。本文基于粘弹性材料对振动能量的耗散原理,分析了利用约束阻尼对航天大型结构进行振动抑制的方法。以某航天器仪器舱为例,进行了附加约束阻尼前后结构动态特性试验与,分析结果验证了该方法抑制振动的可行性和有效性,对大型航天结构的减振设计具有实用价值。     

某半挂牵引车车架计算模态与试验模态对比研究

以某半挂牵引车车架为研究对象,以板壳单元为基础建立其有限元模型,进行模态仿真与试验。对比分析仿真结果和试验结果发现,两者在固有频率和振型上高度吻合,说明两种模态分析结果的有效性和所采取的FEA建模方法与分析方法是可行的,可为车架的结构设计和动态特性优化提供一定的参考。     

Model error correction from truncated modal flexibility sensitivity and generic parameters: Part I—simulation

A great advantage of the flexibility based method is the availability of the large amount of measured information from a few lower modes which can be practically measured. But the modal truncated errors would be significant for a structure with high modal density, and this poses a limitation on the usage of existing flexibility methods. This paper presents the truncated modal flexibility sensitivity with respect to the generic parameters, and a model updating method is proposed based on this sensitivity and incomplete measurement. The loss of contribution from the higher modes to the modal flexibility will not be a source of error in the proposed method. The effect of spatial incompleteness and measurement noise is investigated with numerical studies. The proposed approach is found capable of updating both the systematic model error and local stiffness error separately in a single or two stages under noisy environment.     

Modal identification of spindle-tool unit in high-speed machining

The accurate knowledge of high-speed motorised spindle dynamic behaviour during machining is important in order to ensure the reliability of machine tools in service and the quality of machined parts. More specifically, the prediction of stable cutting regions, which is a critical requirement for high-speed milling operations, requires the accurate estimation of tool/holder/spindle set dynamic modal parameters. These estimations are generally obtained through Frequency Response Function (FRF) measurements of the non-rotating spindle. However, significant changes in modal parameters are expected to occur during operation, due to high-speed spindle rotation.The spindle's modal variations are highlighted through an integrated finite element model of the dynamic high-speed spindle-bearing system, taking into account rotor dynamics effects. The dependency of dynamic behaviour on speed range is then investigated and determined with accuracy. The objective of the proposed paper is to validate these numerical results through an experiment-based approach. Hence, an experimental setup is elaborated to measure rotating tool vibration during the machining operation in order to determine the spindle's modal frequency variation with respect to spindle speed in an industrial environment. The identification of natural frequencies of the spindle under rotating conditions is challenging, due to the low number of sensors and the presence of many harmonics in the measured signals. In order to overcome these issues and to extract the characteristics of the system, the spindle modes are determined through a 3-step procedure. First, spindle modes are highlighted using the Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) technique, with a new formulation at the considered rotating speed. These extracted modes are then analysed through the value of their respective damping ratios in order to separate the harmonics component from structural spindle natural frequencies. Finally, the stochastic properties of the modes are also investigated by considering the probability density of the retained modes. Results show a good correlation between numerical and experiment-based identified frequencies. The identified spindle-tool modal properties during machining allow the numerical model to be considered as representative of the real dynamic properties of the system.     

基于有限元的摩托车振动分析与控制

振动是影响汽车、摩托车等车辆乘坐舒适性和可靠性的重要因素,运用有限元分析和实验模态分析方法对车辆的 振动进行分析,可以将振动问题在设计阶段解决,以缩短产品开发周期,节约开发成本。以摩托车为对象,建立了摩托车 的有限元模型,对模型进行理论模态分析和谐响应分析,并用实验分析对比验证理论模型,通过分析找到摩托车振动的 原因和控制振动的有效方法。     

一种基于模型修改的结构多点损伤识别方法

可用于结构损伤识别的方法很多。一般来讲正向方法直接利用结构模态参数的变化，逆向方法则利用模态参数变化反演结构物理参数变化，还有些方法利用了神经网络和模式识别技术。文中利用模型修改的思想，通过逆向方法计算结构单元刚度变化系数来对结构的多点损伤进行识别。以一个七自由度弹簧阻尼质量系统作为研究对象，用数值模拟方法及特征系统实现算法计算系统的模态参数，并用这些模态参数验证所提出方法的可行性，结果表明该方法对多点损伤的识别是简单而可行的。     

循环对称结构重根模态振型相关性修正

为消除循环对称结构有限元模态分析和试验模态分析对应重根模态振型之间的夹角误差,实现模态相关性的准确定量分析,基于模态振型方程,揭示不同模态模型重根模态振型夹角误差产生机理,提出修正循环对称结构模态振型相关性的新方法。计算各阶重根模态有限元模态振型与试验模态振型间互模态置信准则(Cross modal assurance criterion, Cross MAC)初值得到夹角误差;在此基础上确定出对应的旋转角度和测点数;对有限元模态振型进行旋转匹配并计算得到修正后的Cross MAC值。应用该方法对制动盘有限元模态模型和试验模态模型进行相关性修正,结果表明：该方法不仅能获得准确的循环对称结构模态相关性,且相比于已有的循回群和初等旋转变换方法而言,修正效率得到显著提高。     

A framework for blind modal identification using joint approximate diagonalization

In this paper, a second-order statistical method employed in blind source separation (BSS) is adapted for use in modal parameter identification. Modal responses and mode shapes are estimated by the use of second-order blind identification (SOBI) on an expanded and pre-treated dataset. Frequency and damping can be obtained from the modal responses by simple single degree of freedom methods. Using this approach, a class of new non-parametric output-only modal identification algorithms is proposed and examples of its use are provided. It is demonstrated that the proposed methodology provides a novel and robust approach to modal identification. For the example shown, it is deduced that quality of the modal parameters produced by the method is competitive with the state of the art parametric methods.