一种利用自由曲面透镜的LED路灯配光设计与研究

随着半导体照明技术的发展,LED路灯应用日益广泛。其二次配光设计对LED路灯照明具有重要的作用。LED路灯应用中,为了使其照度和照度均匀度满足一定的要求,设计采用了自由曲面透镜的二次配光。根据折射定律、目标照明面光分布和照度均匀建立自由曲面的方程,数值法求得面型数据并导入建模软件拟合成透镜实体,对利用自由曲面透镜配光的LED及LED路灯进行了光线追迹仿真及分析。结果表明基于自由曲面透镜的LED路灯具有较好的照度、亮度和均匀度。     

LED在基于光纤传输的照明系统中的应用

为了实现将LED应用于基于光纤传输的照明系统中以替代传统光源,首先简要介绍了基于光纤传输照明系统的应用及组成,描述了LED应用于光纤传输照明系统设计的光学扩展量理论。根据光学扩展量理论分析了LED选型方法,总结了基于LED光纤传输照明系统的设计原则和要点。然后应用设计实例:基于红,绿和蓝三色LED合光的光纤照明模组,详述了设计过程,给出了测试数据。结果表明:LED可以应用于光纤传输照明系统中替代传统光源,市场前景广阔。     

远场均匀照明的LED排列设计

为了实现远场的照度均匀性,在已设计的LED平面排列组合的基础上,提出了LED白光照明单元的球面排列设计方法。相比平面的排列,把LED照明单元组合排列在半球形表面,在被照接收面上产生更宽角度的照度分布。并对几种不同排列的LED照明单元进行分析,建立了光学模型和设计方程式,模拟出远场的照度分布情况。结果表明在极限角度内LED球形排列具有均匀广泛的远场照度分布。     

Surface plasmon-enhanced micro-cylinder mode in photonic quasi-crystal

Two-dimensional micro-cylinder patterns of dodecagonal photonic quasi-crystal (12-PQC) and tetragonal photonic crystal (2-PC) were fabricated on the top surface of a GaN light-emitting diode (LED). The patterns were evaporated with a 10-nm-thick Ag film. Spatially resolved surface emission was recorded and analysed by scanning near-field optical microscopy. Electromagnetic energy was confined and enhanced at the top surface when the surface plasmon (SP) resonated. The enhancement factor for 12-PQC was 1.9 times that of 2-PC, 8.6 times that of non-patterned LED in the near field and 6.7 times in the far field, respectively. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are consistent with the experimental data. The results show that with a patterned structure on the top surface of an LED, the light emission can be greatly enhanced due to SP resonance.     

Graphic supervisory control of an automatic optical inspection for LED properties

This paper focuses on the development and manufacture of an automated optical inspection (AOI) system for light emitting diode (LED) properties, which include the luminance and forward voltage. We use the concept of graphic supervisory control to combine LabVIEW software and programmable logic controller (PLC) for the motion control. By connecting the analog input block, PLC would read the forward voltage to judge whether this value is too large or not. In LED optical inspection, LabVIEW software is employed to coordinate charge coupled device (CCD) camera interface in acquiring data and processing image analysis. The LED luminance is inspected according to whether or not it achieves the desired standard pixels of binary morphologic area. In the inspection process, LEDs quickly advance on rail, and a pneumatic cylinder will sort them into different storages by PLC. The system characteristics mainly include automated platform control and imaging inspection. From experiments, the LED inspection speed could achieve 40-45 pieces per minute. For luminance inspection, the rate of accuracy approaches 100% when the inspection in a dark room or the brightness of exterior environments is fixed.     

LED产品设计制造知识管理系统的研究

在分析知识工程系统的基础上，介绍KBE的基本概念并阐述了KBE环境下LED产品知识的类型以及基于知识的管理。文中结合LED企业生产实际，给出了在KBE环境下面向工程制造全过程的LED产品设计制造知识管理系统的体系结构，并深入讨论了实现系统的关键技术。     

二维光子晶体中反常Doppler效应的相位演变

光在具有负等效折射率的二维光子晶体中传输时会产生反常Doppler现象,为了分析光在该反常效应中传输时的相位变化,首先用时域有限差分(FDTD)法仿真了光经过静止光子晶体时的负折射现象,然后对光子晶体中沿光传输方向的Bloch波做快速傅里叶(FFT)处理。对滤波后的频谱,用iFFT反演出各平面波分量,并通过分析各平面波分量的相位演变,分离出与负折射产生有关的后退波分量。然后,将实验中的连续运动过程分解为各静止瞬间,分析了各相邻时刻探测面上信号光和参考光的相位变化,此处两束光的相位变化差随时间的变化量就是差频。静态FDTD方法仿真计算得到的差频与理论值的误差约为20%,能较好解释反常Doppler效应发生过程中光的相位变化。本文的研究揭示了反常Doppler效应发生时光子晶体中起作用的分量的相位变化,也为研究光在运动介质中的传输特性提供了新的思路。     

LED中荧光材料量子效率测量系统的设计

LED作为新兴光源,与传统的白炽灯光源相比,具有很大的优势。衡量其荧光材料发光性能的一个重要参数就是量子效率。为了准确地测量荧光材料的量子效率,提出了一种基于半积分球装置的量子效率测量系统。该系统采用了中心波长为465nm的蓝光LED芯片作为激发光源,与直径为150mm的半积分球和直径为150mm、中心孔直径为8mm的平面反射镜搭配使用,运用光纤和线阵CCD光谱仪采集光谱数据,并进一步计算出量子效率。为了验证系统的有效性,分别采用两种不同的荧光材料对测量系统进行测试,测量结果与厂商所给的数值基本一致。实验结果表明,该测量系统能有效地评估LED中荧光材料的发光性能。     

基于发光二极管配光曲线设计自由曲面透镜

针对头盔显示器(HMD)液晶像源的特殊要求,选择了一款小尺寸、高光效的发光二极管(LED)作为背光光源。基于此LED的光强分布曲线,利用非成像光学理论设计了双自由曲面透镜阵列,以期进一步提高背光光效。首先对单个LED设计了3款不同半径的双自由曲面透镜,形成了亮度均匀的圆形光斑。然后对单个透镜进行切割,形成矩形光斑,并用4个矩形透镜拼接成透镜阵列。选择了效果最优的透镜进行了加工和测试。结果表明:与传统的采用两层扩散膜的背光结构相比,采用透镜阵列和两层扩散膜后的背光的光能利用率提高了13.94%,背光亮度提高了96.4%,非均匀性由23.8%略提高到23.1%,半亮度视角由37°降低到19°。用设计的透镜及其阵列对LED光源发出的光线进行准直,易形成高亮度的均匀矩形光斑,满足头盔显示器液晶像源背光的要求。     

具有负折射的二维光子晶体设计

提出一种具有负折射特性的二维光子晶体设计。对其色散关系的分析表明,该设计对归一化频率为0.5263的TE极化光波具有负折射特性。时域有限差分(FDTD)数值计算模拟结果证明了分析的正确性;并且负折射对光子晶体层数没有依赖关系;很薄的光子晶体就能表现出明显的负折射,且便于实验制作和探测;在一定入射角范围内,光子晶体平板表现出奇异的负折射导引现象。给出了光子晶体模型参数。     

A light-emitting diode light standard for photo- and videomicroscopy

A light calibration system consisting of a compact light-emitting diode (LED) source with feedback control of intensity is described. The source is positioned in the focal plane of the microscope objective and produces flat-field illumination of up to 31 μW. The source can be easily used to determine the performance of microscope optics and camera response. It can also be used as a standard light source for calibration of experimental systems. Selectable light intensities are produced by controlling the LED input power via a feedback circuit consisting of a photodiode that detects output light intensity. Spectral coverage extends between 550 and 670nm using green, yellow and red LEDs mounted side by side, which are selected individually. The LED chips are encapsulated in plastic diffusers which homogenize the light, and a flat field of illumination is obtained through a thin 1-mm-diameter aperture positioned directly over each chip. Provision is made for insertion of Ronchi rulings over the aperture to enable measurements of contrast modulation in a uniform field. The light may be pulse-modulated to assess camera response times and the device can be synchronized with video frames. Narrow bandpass interference filters can be placed between the objective lens and the LED source to produce monochromatic light without affecting the spacing of controlled light intensities since emission spectra do not shift appreciably over the range of LED powers chosen in this design. Results of tests using controlled light intensity and uniform illumination are presented.     

基于复合抛物面聚光器的LED反射器的设计

针对发光二极管(LED)具有寿命长、发光效率高、显色性好、节能等诸多优点,基于复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)的结构与原理,设计了一种LED反射器,通过与传统荧光灯灯具比较,采用最优化理论和光学软件TracePro对其进行模拟仿真,结果表明这里所设计的反射器具有光场分布合理,充分利用光能节约能源,传统反射器无法比拟的优点.     

3D数字化行为建模技术在饮料包装容器中的应用研究

产品的包装容器形状复杂,外观曲面不规则,容积计算较为困难。为了以最少的原材料满足包装容器结构强度、刚度,以及美观、大方的要求,该文以Pro/E软件为平台,饮料包装容器为研究对象,研究了液体包装容器的体积与高度的变化规律,并利用Pro/E行为建模模块中的 "UDA" 分析功能,根据用户的设计意图和设计约束条件,经一系列测试参数迭代运算来获得最佳的设计建议。该方法为容器包装设计人员提供了一个简单、方便的建模方法和结构优化分析手段,解决在容器实际生产中难以用数学公式计算容积的现实问题,缩短设计、制造周期。     

基于LED的光谱可调光源结构研究

介绍了一个由大量LED组合而成的光谱可调光源,通过不同LED的组合产生不同光谱分布,可以模拟各种光源。该光源主要由LED屏体、光谱匹配模块以及LED控制驱动模块构成。LED屏体由2 304个窄带LED组成,通过LED数据分配卡将接收到的显示数据进行分配,并驱动屏体上的LED,以PWM的方式精确控制每一个LED的电流,实现256级及以上灰度等级显示。整个系统经初步调试,已能模拟部分光谱。该光源将具有广泛的应用前景。     

A generating method for digital gear tooth surfaces

Based on the theories of digital conjugate surface and gear meshing, a generating method for digital gear tooth surfaces (DGTS) is demonstrated in this paper. The research focuses on the conjugate motion between the DGTS, represented by discrete points, and the cutter figuration determined by analytic function in the manufacture process. Conjugate points in the cutter section corresponding to the discrete points on the digital surface and conjugate movements are solved. Automated sequence arrangements of the generating movement parameters have been performed and the discrete generating movements are interpolated in a continuous conjugate motion along the order. Strategies of error analysis and error compensation are also discussed in this paper. Computer-simulated examples of the generating machining of involute DGTS and non-standard shaped DGTS, the parameters of machining motions and real tooth surfaces verify the developed method. The research develops a new idea for the machining of DGTS, which breaks the limitations of conventional approaches based on analytic surfaces. It is of important theoretical and practical value to manufacture digital surfaces. Our method is not only be applicable in generating machining of discrete DGTS and analytic gear tooth surfaces with complex geometric design, but also in contributing to the processing of discrete digital cam and other 3-D digital surfaces .     

用于植物照明的LED阵列设计

基于温室植物光学作用和光形态调节原理,设计了两种用于植物照明的发光二极管(LED)阵列.通过推导阵列的辐射照度叠加公式并根据叠加公式对阵列进行仿真优化.两种阵列均采用红蓝LED相结合的方式排列,其中阵列1红光和蓝光LED的数量比是1∶1,阵列2红光和蓝光LED的数量比是4∶1.通过光学模拟软件Tracepro对照射平面...     

一款新型LED台灯的设计

为了设计一款配光简单、光照均匀的LED台灯,从抛物线的光学特性出发,详细说明了LED光源的放置位置对出光效果的影响。证明了把LED面光源放置在中心轴上焦点与抛物线顶点之间的适当位置,可以使光线均匀发散。利用抛物线的这个特性,经过多次实验把单颗LED面光源放在旋转抛物反光镜顶点与焦点之间的正确位置,在距台灯400 mm、面积为1 000mm×1 000mm的平面得到了均匀的光照。在总体光通量基本不变的情况下,把10个如此配光组合按一定尺寸排列成2×5分布的光源模块,能很好地达到台灯的标准配光要求。     

Build orientation determination of multi-feature mechanical parts in selective laser melting via multi-objective decision making

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a unique additive manufacturing (AM) category that can be used to manufacture mechanical parts. It has been widely used in aerospace and automotive using metal or alloy powder. The build orientation is crucial in AM because it affects the as-built part, including its part accuracy, surface roughness, support structure, and build time and cost. A mechanical part is usually composed of multiple surface features. The surface features carry the production and design knowledge, which can be utilized in SLM fabrication. This study proposes a method to determine the build orientation of multi-feature mechanical parts (MFMPs) in SLM. First, the surface features of an MFMP are recognized and grouped for formulating the particular optimization objectives. Second, the estimation models of involved optimization objectives are established, and a set of alternative build orientations (ABOs) is further obtained by many-objective optimization. Lastly, a multi-objective decision making method integrated by the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution and cosine similarity measure is presented to select an optimal build orientation from those ABOs. The weights of the feature groups and considered objectives are achieved by a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Two case studies are reported to validate the proposed method with numerical results, and the effectiveness comparison is presented. Physical manufacturing is conducted to prove the performance of the proposed method. The measured average sampling surface roughness of the most crucial feature of the bracket in the original orientation and the orientations obtained by the weighted sum model and the proposed method are 15.82, 10.84, and 10.62 μm, respectively. The numerical and physical validation results demonstrate that the proposed method is desirable to determine the build orientations of MFMPs with competitive results in SLM.     

LED在道路照明中的光效优势

选择路灯时,需基于恰当的光度测量模型对不同类型路灯的发光效率进行比较.以两种常用路灯光源和两种LED路灯光源为研究对象,对道路照明环境中人眼处于的视觉状态进行了分析,进而通过MOVE模型求得这4种路灯在中间视觉状态下的发光效率.与明视觉状态下的发光效率比较,LED路灯和金属卤素路灯在中间视觉状态下的发光效率大大提高,而...     

用薄膜光子晶体超晶格概念设计多峰滤光片

多峰滤光片在光通讯波分复用技术中潜在着特殊的应用。利用薄膜一维光子晶体超晶格的概念,设计了两种薄膜多峰滤光片。第一种是基于两个一维光子晶体迭加的多峰滤光片,它在交叠的禁带上出现多组通带,每组通带又包含着多个透射峰,峰的数目为两个光子晶体的周期数减去1;第二种是在第一个光子晶体的中间插进第二个光子晶体,因而形成三个基本周期的光子晶体迭加,峰的数目主要取决于插入的第三个光子晶体的膜层厚度之比和周期数。讨论了多峰滤光片的通带特性和截止度。