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某H13热作模具钢冲头在锻打钻杆管端后,抽出时发生早期断裂。通过断口形貌观察、化学成分分析、显微组织观察、微区成分分析等方法探讨了冲头断裂的原因。结果表明:该冲头断裂的性质为疲劳断裂;冲头工作部位外壁区域存在的大尺寸Al2O3、MnS、VC等夹杂物以及气孔、疏松等缺陷处易产生应力集中而成为疲劳裂纹源,在热应力、拉应力、压应力和弯曲载荷的反复作用下,横向微裂纹萌生并以发散形式快速失稳扩展,导致冲头断裂;该冲头中钼、钒的含量远低于标准值下限,导致冲头的高温力学性能降低,从而造成了冲头的疲劳断裂。 相似文献
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由冷压凹模断口形貌失效分析结果表明,凹模内壁微小裂纹属于疲劳裂纹,同时凹模材质CrWMn钢中的所存在的碳化物不均匀性诱发了裂纹的产生,导致模具在低周疲劳状态下发生断裂失效.针对某型组合冷压凹模材质热处理工艺缺陷提出改进建议,使得凹模CrWMn钢的最终组织得到改善,强韧性明显提高,从而有效解决了组合凹模早期断裂失效问题. 相似文献
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低合金高强钢焊接构件在高温锅炉水中的应力腐蚀开裂行为研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了某公司的2#乙二醇R-120环氧乙烷反应器中C-11环焊缝开裂原因。对开裂C-11环焊缝开展了化学成分、金相观察、硬度测试、断口微观观察、EDS能谱分析等试验研究。试验发现:壳程、管板母材和焊缝金属化学成分分别满足SA543 Type B CL.1,SA508 Gr.4N CL.1和MGS 80的要求;从内壁管板侧热影响区起裂的主裂纹穿晶扩展,裂纹尖端沿晶扩展并有分叉,具有应力腐蚀裂纹特征;内壁附近焊缝两侧热影响区局部有马氏体组织;管板侧热影响区硬度最高为466.3 HV10;断口观察发现裂纹在内壁产生,是多源裂纹,沿壁厚向外壁扩展15 mm,断口上有冰糖状等轴晶和柱状晶;裂纹断口探测到P和Na元素。该反应器开裂原因是由于焊接导致在管板与壳程焊接区域存在较高的残余应力,在高温锅炉水介质中,发生了应力腐蚀开裂,由内壁向外扩展,最终导致泄漏。 相似文献
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内压单层圆柱形容器内外壁的温差应力可按下式计算。内壁温差应力(kgf/cm~2),■外壁温差应力(kgf/cm~2):■在运用公式(1)和(2)计算时比较麻烦。将公式(1)和(2)进行演算后可得简化计算式如下。: 相似文献
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通过对已断裂的迷宫压缩机组合活塞裙的服役情况调查和宏观裂纹观察分析,发现活塞裙与活塞盖发生了相对周向和轴向运动,形成了多源裂纹;通过扫描电镜进行裂纹断口微观分析,同时进行了化学成分分析、金相分析和机械性能分析,能够判断该活塞裙属于多源疲劳断裂,是交变的扭转力及轴向冲击力的共同作用导致,因运行条件突变或使用不当等原因造成活塞套内壁局部区域偏心磨损且产生磨削裂纹,为疲劳失效的萌生提供了必要条件。 相似文献
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通过对某油田轻烃站原料气压缩机A机进气阀阀盖螺栓的断口形貌、化学成分、显微硬度、显微组织、受力情况等进行分析,讨论了螺栓失效的原因。结果表明:螺栓的断裂性质为疲劳断裂,疲劳裂纹在螺纹根部萌生;螺纹根部存在因加工不当而出现的缺口、凹坑等缺陷,缺陷处易产生应力集中而成为疲劳裂纹源,在压缩机工作时产生的交变应力作用下微裂纹扩展,并最终导致螺栓的断裂;建议在螺栓加工过程中,采用表面喷丸、渗碳、渗氮等工艺在螺纹根部表面引入残余应力,严格按照高强紧固件的热处理要求进行调质热处理,严格按照压缩机的使用要求紧固螺栓,并定期检查和更换螺栓。 相似文献
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Hong Bo Dinh Jong Min Yu Kee Bong Yoon Chul Park Sungwoo Ryu 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2018,32(12):5637-5645
When heat exchanger tubes have critical thinning which could cause unsafe conditions, it is general practice to plug the tubes so that they are out of service to prevent rupture failure at the thinnest location. Plugging criteria for the high-pressure feedwater heater tubes of fossil power plant were studied. Tubes in the desuperheating zone were considered due to their high internal pressure and the high temperature difference across the tube wall. Theoretical analysis of uniform thinning and eccentric thinning of the tube was conducted to determine the stress conditions at the thinnest location under internal/external pressure and thermal gradient across the tube. The minimum required tube thickness was determined using the maximum shear stress criterion (Tresca theory). Accuracy and effectiveness of the analytic solutions of the stresses were verified by comparing the results obtained with those obtained from finite element analysis. Using finite element analysis, the stresses for eccentric thinning were determined. Thermal loading due to temperature difference across the wall was considered even though the contribution of pressure loading to the stress of the tube was known to be higher than that of the thermal loading. As case studies, the tube plugging criteria of three high pressure feedwater heaters were determined using actual temperature and design pressure industry data. The procedure used in this study can be applied to different pressure and temperature operating conditions, and different tube materials. 相似文献
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D. R. Hayhurst 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》1972,14(12):885-901
A numerical procedure, in which approximations to spatial derivatives are made by using finite-difference relationships together with a difference correction routine, have been used to obtain stress and deformation histories for a steadily loaded flat plate containing circular and elliptical holes. Using the stationary state stress distributions statements are made about the areas of rupture corresponding to different rupture criteria. The results of the prediction method agreed well with experimentally determined values for aluminium plates tested at room temperature. 相似文献
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细长孔内壁疵病检测是采用光学、机械、计算机等技术实现深孔内表面疵病的自动观察与检测.该测试系统由光扫描光学成像分系统、CCD摄像分系统、计算机控制及图像处理分系统等组成.被测面的反射像通过内窥镜成像在面阵CCD的光敏面上,CCD输出的视频信号经图像采集卡输入计算机,经图像拼接及图像处理,最终完成疵病的检测与尺寸测量,测量精度可达到0.2 mm.本文重点介绍了细长孔内壁疵病检测的原理、二维光扫描成像技术、图像拼接和图像处理技术,并对总体的检测精度进行了分析.该项检测技术不仅可计算出细长孔内壁疵病的面积大小、方位,还可检测出镀铬层脱落面的大小、方位,内壁裂纹的长度、方位等. 相似文献
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陈士杰 《机械制造与自动化》2011,40(6)
不同车辆制动踏板的软硬程度是不同的,造成差异的主要原因在于踏板是否具备助力机构.一般情况下,轿车采用的是真空助力器的结构.在不同大气压力下,车辆真空助力器内的真空度水平会有所变化,直接导致在高海拔地区整车制动系统的表现相比低海拔地区存在一定差异,甚至存在安全隐患.提出了轿车整车动态真空度的实验方法,对不同工况下的整车动态真空度进行试验,并对结果进行分析,为车辆制动系统的改进提供依据,同时避免了车辆上市后的潜在风险. 相似文献
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对梯度材料圆筒在内外压及非均布温度载荷作用下的应力状态进行理论分析。通过引入弹性梯度因子和温度梯度因子获得热—机械载荷下梯度材料圆筒的应力解析解,进而探讨弹性梯度因子和温度梯度因子对径向、周向和轴向应力分布的影响,为梯度材料圆筒的结构设计提供可靠的理论依据。计算结果表明,应力分量沿壁厚的分布随内外压比值的不同而不同,其中径向应力与坐标位置密切相关,与梯度因子关系不大。对于不同的梯度因子比,存在一最优值使得梯度圆筒内外壁面周向应力差值最小。与内壁处轴向应力相比,外壁处轴向应力对内外压比值的变化更为敏感,并且当弹性梯度因子与温度梯度因子比小于1时,轴向应力几乎不受梯度因子比值变化的影响;而当梯度因子比大于1时,轴向应力迅速减小,且外壁处的减小速度远大于内壁处的减小速度。 相似文献
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圆筒形件拉深失稳及各因素影响分析 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
对板料成形中圆筒形件拉深的破裂失稳及产生破裂失稳的临界压边力进行研究.由于凸、凹模圆角及其间隙的存在,圆筒形件拉深的筒壁区实际为凸、凹模圆角之间的公切线部分.根据Mises-Hill屈服函数及Tresca准则求出凸缘变形区、凹模圆角区和筒壁区的应力分布,得到危险断面处的应力表达式,从而求出不产生破裂失稳的临界压边力的解析表达式,并进一步分析获得拉深比、硬化指数、厚向异性系数、摩擦因数以及径向推力等因素对临界压边力的影响规律.采用液压压边与周缘加径向推力的拉深模具对08Al板料进行拉深试验,试验结果与理论计算结果具有很好的一致性. 相似文献
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The temperature fluctuation caused by thermal striping phenomena of hot and cold fluids mixing results in cyclical thermal stress fatigue failure of the pipe wall. Mean temperature difference between hot and cold fluids was often used as thermal load in previous analysis of thermal fatigue failure, thereby the influences of the amplitude and frequency of temperature fluctuation on thermal fatigue failure were neglected. Based on the mechanism of flow and heat transfer which induces thermal fatigue, the turbulent mixing of hot and cold water in a tee junction is simulated with FLUENT platform by using the Large-eddy simulation(LES) turbulent flow model with the sub-grid scale(SGS) model of Smagorinsky-Lilly(SL) to capture the amplitude and frequency of temperature fluctuation. In a simulation case, hot water with temperature of 343.48 K and velocity of 0.15 m/s enters the horizontal main duct with the side length of 100 mm, while cold water with temperature of 296.78 K and velocity of 0.3 m/s enters the vertical branch duct with the side length of 50 mm. The numerical results show that the mean and fluctuating temperatures are in good agreement with the previous experimental data, which describes numerical simulation with high reliability and accuracy; the power spectrum density(PSD) on top wall is higher than that on bottom wall(as the frequency less than 1 Hz), while the PSD on bottom wall is relatively higher than that on top wall (as the frequency of 1-10Hz). The temperature fluctuations in full mixing region of the tee junction can be accurately captured by LES and can provide the theoretical basis for the thermal stress and thermal fatigue analyses. 相似文献