一种基于PLM的支持汽车集团研发协作的架构

为实现汽车集团的产品协同开发,提出了一种基于PLM的企业协同开发框架。该框架是以整车厂为核心,面向整车厂与零部件供应商、设计合作伙伴、异地设计中心等延伸性企业之间不同维度的协同架构。提出了协同能力的概念,并通过协同能力和合作类型对协同级别进行了划分,有效地解决了企业协同过程的复杂性和多样性。最后,基于网络的协同开发平台实现了汽车集团的产品协同开发。     

Virtual integration with a multi-criteria partner selection model for the multi-echelon manufacturing system

Virtual integration (VI) offers a way to make manufacturing systems more agile and competitive. VI integrates the production resources of many manufacturing systems (partners) efficiently, and that leads to a rapid response to market changes. Based on the VI concept these partners throughout the world will form a virtual enterprise (VE). Thus to select partners is the essential and the most important issue. The main objective of this paper is to develop a partner selection and production-distribution planning with the novel partner selection model, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology, multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) and integer programming (IP), for the VI with multiple criteria. The AHP and MAUT methods are use to assess and set weights for each partner candidate and the IP model applies these weights to find the optimal partners from the potential ones and provide the suitable production-distribution plan to the elective partners. Finally, a case study has been provided to substantiate a feasible quality solution of the proposed model.     

A distributed internet-based framework for manufacturing planning

Manufacturing organizations worldwide are re-inventing their product development practices in an effort to satisfy changing customer requirements. In the context of these changes influencing the manufacturing community, there is a need to develop frameworks, architectures, and methods to facilitate the creation, implementation, and functioning of virtual enterprises (VEs). This paper presents an Internet-based framework, which supports distributed process planning activities in the context of a VE. Typically, in a VE, the enterprise partners are distributed, and possess diverse skills and heterogeneous software resources, which employ heterogeneous computing platforms. Using the developed approach, physically distributed product development partners can collaborate virtually via the Internet and integrate their life-cycle product development activities through seamless information exchange. In this framework, the distributed manufacturing resources communicate with each other via the Internet inter-ORB protocol (IIOP) using an object request broker (ORB) at each distributed site.     

虚拟企业产品设计技术研究

传统的产品设计方法在虚拟企业环境中已不能完全适用。在分析虚拟企业产品设计过程特点的基础上,提出了基于ＧＴ的虚拟企业产品设计系统体系结构,讨论了它的关键技术,包括面向合作企业设计－制造能力的产品设计方法、产品可制造装配性综合评价、企业信息模型、合作企业优化选择。     

一种可重构制造系统的生产计划方法

虚拟企业是实现敏捷制造的有效途径，是一种可重构的制造系统。系统在重构过程中，各合作伙伴给出完成各自任务的时间段，制造系统则基于这些信息编排出生产计划。本文建立了这一生产计划问题的数学模型，基于该模型，提出了一个有效算法，并给出了一个简单算例。结果表明，所提出的算法可以决定解的存在性，如果解存在，则求出有效解；如果解不存在或解不可以接受，盟主可与合作伙伴协商解决问题。     

面向虚拟企业的制造任务描述及制造链构造方法研究

分析了珠江三角洲企业对制造协作网的需求，介绍了建立制造协作网的背景，重点针对制造类任务，探讨了基于制造协作网的制造任务描述方法，特别提出了采用特征映射技术实现的制造任务描述方法，在此基础上，提出了合作伙伴的寻找策略及有关关键技术问题的解决方法。     

在敏捷制造中基于成组技术的相似零件的获取方法

敏捷制造技术被认为是２１ 世纪的制造战略。它充分发挥敏捷制造企业内各盟员的优势,对市场作出快速反应。敏捷制造企业要解决的主要问题是如何选择盟员。本文提出了用成组技术（ Ｇ Ｔ）表达产品设计,利用产品间的相似性,通过单关联聚类算法搜索候选盟员的产品数据库,找到最相似的产品,最后组成敏捷制造企业的方法。     

Ahp model for the selection of partner companies in virtual enterprises

Rising product variety and complexity, shorter time frames to respond, and the continual need to gain new capabilities through innovativeness force the trend of outsourcing to be replaced by strategic alliances, where enterprises or individuals work together towards a common goal and share their responsibilities as well as their profits. Recent developments in information technology have enabled relatively inexpensive, reliable and fast networking to support such alliances in real time. In this context, the virtual enterprise (VE) represents an appropriate cooperation alternative and competitive advantage for the enterprises. VE is a temporary network of independent companies -- suppliers, customers, even rivals -- linked by information technology (IT) to share skills, costs and access to one another’s markets. In this emerging business model of virtual enterprise, the decision support functionality, which addresses issues such as partner company selection, is an important domain to be studied. In this paper, we propose an analytic hierarchy process model to contribute in the selection of the partner companies in the virtual enterprises. A case example is also covered to validate the feasibility of the adoption of the model in virtual enterprise situations.     

A modeling approach for designing a value chain of virtual enterprise

As the advent of digital economy changes business environment dramatically, virtual enterprise (VE), in general the interactions among business partners in a value chain, has become a key factor to survive under the competitive business environment. VE reveals that more complex and dynamic business processes should be considered as assembled service components in order to integrate the collaborative business processes. Therefore, a formal standard schema for describing and managing the business processes is required. In this paper, we propose a consistent modeling approach that combines enterprise modeling and simulation modeling to design a value chain of a VE. This methodology will provide designers with insight into the business processes of a VE and help identify and resolve unpredictable bottlenecks on the execution of virtual business processes. This paper also illustrates an implemented modeling tool which is based on the generalized model suggested by the working group of the international conference on enterprise integration and modeling technology (ICEIMT) and notations by the object management group (OMG)’s unified modeling language (UML) profile for enterprise distributed object computing (EDOC).     

工业设计思想与方法在工程机械制造业的应用

工业设计已成为提升产品附加价值的重要手段,但在大型工程机械制造业中仍鲜有工业设计的考虑。论文以铁路养护轨道车制造企业为例,分析了其产品设计的现状与背后的设计思想及其缺点,指出引入工业设计的必要性与适用性,并研究了在该企业实施工业设计的方法。以此为基础,提出了基于工业设计的轨道车设计程序与方法,并进行了面向工业设计的企业流程再造工作,为工程机械制造业开展工业设计提供了参考。     

Digital manufacturing-the development direction of the manufacturing technology in the 21st century

After introducing the concepts of digital manufacturing technology, the discipline framework of digital manufacturing is presented in the paper by discussing its basic concept, theory foundation, key technology and scientific problems in detail. As the core of the advanced manufacturing technology, digital manufacturing is gradually becoming the main manufacturing technology of the twenty-first century. Firstly, the main features of digital manufacturing are indicated and its key supporting technologies are investigated by grouping them into four levels related to product development, numerical control, production management, and enterprise collaboration, respectively. Moreover, the existing problems in the research on the multi-discipline theory foundation of digital manufacturing such as manufacturing informatics, computational manufacturing, and manufacturing intelligence, are also indicated. Then, the core scientific problems of digital manufacturing are discussed in depth, which focuses on digitization of manufacturing information, modeling of manufacturing constraints, high-speed and high-precision numerical control theory, and Internet-based collaboration and integration. Lastly, the development trends and application perspectives of digital manufacturing are concluded. __________ Translated from Digital Manufacturing Science, 2003, 1(1–4) (in Chinese)     

虚拟企业的局限性与企业敏捷化策略的拓展

分析了平等自治利益联盟和盟主主导型虚拟企业的适应性和局限性；而为了适应个性化产品的生产。企业集群化策略对企业虚拟化策略进行必要的延伸和拓展，形成高效的集群合作制造系统。     

动态联盟中面向产品开发过程的数据建模

在动态联盟企业的产品开发过程中，存在大量的产品族，每个产品族又包含大量结构相近的产品变体。同时，产品结构同联盟伙伴的结构紧密相关。这种设计制造环境下的信息是高度构的。为了满足这种新情况下产品数据建模要求，提出了一种产品变体分类法和与之相关的编程模型，该模型可以解决联欢盟企业产品开发过程中典型的实例与类型交叠问题，并能够提高产品数据库的访问效率。     

A neural network model for the assessment of partners’ performance in virtual enterprises

In response to increasing international competition, enterprises have been investigating new ways of cooperating with each other to cope with today’s unpredictable market behaviour. Advanced developments in information & communication technology (ICT) enabled reliable and fast cooperation to support real-time alliances. In this context, the virtual enterprise (VE) represents an appropriate cooperation alternative and competitive advantage for the enterprises. VE is a temporary network of independent companies or enterprises that can quickly bring together a set of core competencies to take advantage of market opportunity. In this emerging business model of VE, the key to enhancing the quality of decision making in the partner companies’ performance evaluation function is to take advantage of the powerful computer-related concepts, tools and technique that have become available in the last few years. This paper attempts to introduce a neural network model, which is able to contribute to the extrapolation of the probable outcomes based on available pattern of events in a virtual enterprise. Quality, delivery and progress were selected as determinant factors effecting the performance assessment. Considering the features of partner performance assessment and neural network models, a back-propagation neural network that includes a two hidden layers was used to evaluate the partner performance.     

网络化设计与制造的实施策略

就网络化设计与制造的具体实施模式－基于网络的异地合作设计模式，基地Agent的网络化制造模式和基于网络，面向产品生命全周期的虚拟产品开发技术进行了研究，并就如何在企业联盟网络中选择合适的合作伙伴进行了探讨。     

面向敏捷制造的可制造性评价和合作伙伴选择研究

根据敏捷制造环境下可制造性评价和合作伙伴选择的内在联系，提出了一种面向敏捷制造的可制造性评价和合作伙伴并行选择方法，该方法将可制造性评价和合作伙伴选择集成起来，使产品开发组根据合作伙伴的制造能力来评价设计的可制造性，并由产品开发组来选择最佳合作伙伴，优化设计的同时也改善了与合作伙伴之间的合作关系。     

智能可重构汽车变速器装配生产线制造系统研究

围绕汽车变速器产品族装配线制造系统的柔性与重构问题,应用面向生产线重构的产品族装配工艺规划与重构装配线设计集成方法,提出可重构装配线的“主干线”设计思想。在对产品族基于功能实体识别的工艺规划基础上设计出“主干线”的柔性结构及系统的可重构实现机理。最后应用多智能制造思想构建了重构装配线的智能体系结构。该方法为提高实际装配线制造系统的柔性提供了有效技术手段。     

虚拟企业合作伙伴评价体系及优化决策

随着市场全球化,全球网络化的进程,敏捷制造已成为国内外研究的热点。敏捷制造的基本组织形态是虚拟企业,即由盟主企业联合其它资源互补的合作伙伴,为及时响应市机遇而结成的动态联盟。盟主企业选择正确的合作伙伴是虚拟企业成功动作的关键因素之一,而要保证合作伙伴选择过程中决策的正确,就必须采用合理的合作伙伴评价指标体系,并选用适当的优化决策方法。本文深入分析了虚拟企业合作伙伴的选择过程和决策因素,建立了虚拟企     

An agent-based infrastructure for virtual enterprises using Web-Services standards

Nowadays, most products in the market are increasing unlikely manufactured entirely within a single company. Instead, a network of manufacturing companies, usually known as a Virtual Enterprise, is involved. Each of the companies becomes a node in the network to play a role in the value-adding process in the production cycle. In other words, a Virtual Enterprise (VE) is an ad hoc organization that combines the competencies of its partners and commits its resources flexibly to respond to business opportunities. To facilitate effective collaboration, suitable information systems that can enable VE partners to communicate and share data, information and knowledge across organizational boundaries are essential. One of the major obstacles towards achieving this goal is a lack of standardized technologies to allow partnering enterprises to publicise their services and expertise as well as locating and interacting with one another in a dynamic fashion. This paper proposes a multi-agent infrastructure to manage VEs and support XML-based agents coordination using a contract net protocol and Web Services standards. Feasible agent-based architectures for partnering enterprises are also suggested and illustrated.     

EAI-oriented information classification code system in manufacturing enterprises

Although the traditional information classification coding system in manufacturing enterprises (MEs) emphasizes the construction of code standards, it lacks the management of the code creation, code data transmission and so on. According to the demands of enterprise application integration (EAI) in manufacturing enterprises, an enterprise application integration oriented information classification code system (EAIO-ICCS) is proposed. EAIO-ICCS expands the connotation of the information classification code system and assures the identity of the codes in manufacturing enterprises with unified management of codes at the view of its lifecycle. __________ Translated from Modern Manufacturing Engineering, 2007, (2): 16–18 [译自: 现代制造工程]