基于逆向蒙特卡洛法的溶液葡萄糖浓度低相干测量

提出了基于蒙特卡洛逆运算的葡萄糖含量低相干干涉测量方法,理论研究了葡萄糖含量与光学参数的相关性.通过正向蒙特卡洛数值模拟说明了从干涉曲线中同时求解散射系数和吸收系数的条件和可行性.以脂肪乳悬混溶液Intralipid作为实验对象,研究了糖浓度变化对深度相关干涉信号的影响.利用低相干干涉测量系统配合逆向蒙特卡洛计算提取了散射和吸收系数,进而通过散射和吸收系数的变化量间接获得了溶液葡萄糖含量.对实验结果与双积分球测量结果进行了比较验证,并对存在的系统误差进行了修正.实验结果显示,在加入修正值后,测量的散射和吸收系数的最大相对误差分别为2.52％和3.11％.研究结果表明,葡萄糖含量与散射系数和干涉曲线存在高度相关性,在非前向散射条件下,可以同时测量吸收和散射系数.经过校准后的测量结果满足了实际要求.     

散射介质的吸收系数和散射系数的间接测量

本文介绍了各种测量散射介质光学特性即散射系数和吸收系数的方法。其中蒙特卡罗统计模拟的方法有其独特的优点．该文中对双积分球系统测量散射介质漫反射系数和漫透射系数的原理和双积分球实验系统作了详细的介绍和讨论。在确立了双积分球系统和蒙特卡罗模拟一致性后，利用该装置测出的漫反射系数和漫透射系数与模拟比较，就能获取被测样的散射系数和吸收系数。作者对不同浓度的散射试样进行了配制和测试，测试的结果表明：被测试的散射物质浓度和散射系数之间存在着良好的线性关系。     

应用于玉石结构分析的光学相干层析技术

本文首次尝试将光学相干层析方法的微观结构层析分辨能力应用于检测玉石结构进而分析其质地,阐述了光学相干层析图像中反映的玉石结构特征以及物理解释。实验中利用中心波长1310nm的宽带光源和傅立叶域光学延迟线实现了扫描速度1帧/秒、纵向分辨率15um、成像深度3mm的光学相干层析成像系统,根据翡翠样品在层析成像中的光学散射特性随深度变化梯度和在二维被测切面内的强弱分布,提出了评估翡翠透明度和净度特性的光学方法,同时OCT图像特征亦可直观显示古玉钙化沁色部分的光学特性差异。实验结果验证了OCT检测方法用于区分翡翠透光特性的可行性,显示了OCT成像在辨别古玉钙化沁色特征中的应用潜力。     

厦门地区气溶胶折射率的测量

针对气溶胶折射率在分析大气气溶胶光学特性中的重要性,提出了一种综合利用黑碳仪、浊度计和光学粒子计数器反演大气气溶胶折射率的新方法。该方法根据黑碳仪和浊度计测量的气溶胶吸收系数和散射系数以及光学粒子计数器测量的粒子谱分布,采用球形粒子的米（Mie）散射理论,通过分析吸收系数、散射系数、粒子谱分布和折射率之间的关系来反演大气气溶胶粒子的折射率,并可以同时反演折射率实部和虚部。与其它独立的测量结果对比表明,该方法反演气溶胶折射率是合理的。最后,利用此方法分析了厦门地区的气溶胶折射率。     

谱域OCT系统设计与实验研究

光学相干层析成像（Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT）是一种非侵入、非接触的新型光学成像技术,利用生物组织的后向散射光与参考光之间的弱相干实现结构成像,具有高灵敏度、高分辨率、成像速度快等特点。本文设计了一套基于LabVIEW软件平台下的谱域OCT成像系统,并对系统进行了测试与实验研究,验证了系统的可靠性与准确性。     

双散射角光学粒子计数器的研制

为了实现同时测量气溶胶粒子的谱分布和折射率,研制了一种新的双角度光学粒子计数器(D-OPC),该计数器采用60°和110°双散射角系统对气溶胶谱分布进行测量.利用Mie散射理论定义敏感函数,选取两个最佳的散射角,使其既对折射率敏感又不线性相关.然后,利用气溶胶折射率对两个散射角系统敏感性的差异来反演气溶胶折射率.最后,利用该仪器对大气气溶胶谱分布以及折射率进行实际测量.与TSI公司黑炭仪和浊度计测量的吸收系数和散射系数对比表明,双散射角光学粒子计数器测量气溶胶折射率和谱分布结果合理,测量误差<20%,可以满足同时测量气溶胶粒子谱分布和折射率的需要.     

厦门地区气溶胶折射率的测量研究

针对气溶胶折射率在分析大气气溶胶光学特性中的重要性,本文提出了一种综合利用黑碳仪、浊度计和光学粒子计数器反演大气气溶胶折射率的新方法。该方法根据黑碳仪和浊度计测量的气溶胶吸收系数和散射系数以及粒子计数器测量的粒子谱分布,采用球形粒子的米（Mie）散射理论,通过分析吸收系数、散射系数、粒子谱分布和折射率之间的关系来反演大气气溶胶粒子的折射率,该方法可以同时反演折射率实部和虚部。通过与其它独立的测量结果对比表明：该方法反演气溶胶折射率是合理的。最后利用此方法对厦门地区的气溶胶折射率进行了分析。     

谱域OCT成像系统在口腔组织检测中的应用

基于谱域光学相干层析术理论设计并搭建了一套便于集成化的光纤式谱域OCT系统,其纵向分辨率为7.3μm,横向分辨率为9.5μm,在空气中的成像深度为3.14 mm。该系统通过干涉光谱来获得样品的深度信息,实现数据的高速采集。利用该系统对口腔内唾液腺导管内壁的组织形态进行了研究,并将得到的OCT图像与相对应的病理切片图片进行了比较。实验结果表明,采用研制的系统可以获得腮腺导管内壁组织的层析结构。该项研究对临床医学上的口腔唾液腺疾病的无创检查和早期诊断具有指导意义。     

广州中心城区冬季大气气溶胶消光特性观测研究

2013年12月利用广州市大气超级站气溶胶吸收系数、散射系数、污染物及气象观测数据,分析了广州冬季大气消光组成变化及其影响因子。观测期间,黑碳浓度均值为6．98±3．71μg／m^3,气溶胶吸收系数均值为60．04±30．72Mm^-1,气溶胶散射系数均值为363．51±182．18Mm^-1,单次散射反照率均值为0．85±0．04。在总消光系数中气溶胶吸收消光占13％,气溶胶散射消光占81％。气溶胶吸收系数与散射系数日变化均呈双峰结构,这与人类活动和气象条件的改变有关。通过最大频数拟合得到广州冬季气溶胶吸收系数和散射系数本底值分别为32．93Mm^-1和281．82Mm^-1。气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数与PM2.5质量浓度呈线性正相关,与大气能见度呈指数负相关。通过测量气溶胶消光和气体消光分量加和获得的消光系数与能见度仪消光系数变化趋势基本一致,降雨及较高相对湿度对能见度仪消光系数影响较大。     

激光散射粒子动态相位多普勒分析系统

研究和建立了以几何光学近似光散射理论为基础的激光相位多普勒空间干涉条纹模型。计算得到了微粒对激光散射的空间相干条纹图形与粒径及散射参数的依从关系。将其应用于研制的双检测器相位多普勒实验系统,给出了系统功能和典型的实验结果。     

A data-acquisition and control system for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with a speed of 91 912 A-scans/s based on a USB 3.0 interface

We describe a system of optical spectrum registration at the output of an interferometer with controlled phase shifts for an experimental device intended for visualizing the internal structure of an optically turbid specimen, using the method of spectral domain optical coherence tomography. A device for spectral domain optical coherence tomography based on a common-path optical scheme with a USB 3.0 interface for inputting data into a computer has been developed. An imaging speed of 91 912 A-scans/s has been attained. At the achieved speed, a series of live experiments were carried out to visualize the internal structure of skin tissues from a finger and front segments of an eye.     

Electronic interface systems for goals of spectral domain optical coherence tomography

A setup for visualizing the internal structure of media, which partially scatter radiation, using the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) method is described. The special complex of electron interface systems, ensuring the operating speed of the spectral domain OCT system at a level of 10000 A-scans (longitudinal scans along the depth) per second, high dynamic imaging range, and complete suppression of coherent noise peculiar to the spectral method has been designed to eliminate artifacts characteristic of this method.     

Dimensional metrology of lab‐on‐a‐chip internal structures: a comparison of optical coherence tomography with confocal fluorescence microscopy

The characterization of internal structures in a polymeric microfluidic device, especially of a final product, will require a different set of optical metrology tools than those traditionally used for microelectronic devices. We demonstrate that optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging is a promising technique to characterize the internal structures of poly(methyl methacrylate) devices where the subsurface structures often cannot be imaged by conventional wide field optical microscopy. The structural details of channels in the devices were imaged with OCT and analyzed with an in‐house written ImageJ macro in an effort to identify the structural details of the channel. The dimensional values obtained with OCT were compared with laser‐scanning confocal microscopy images of channels filled with a fluorophore solution. Attempts were also made using confocal reflectance and interferometry microscopy to measure the channel dimensions, but artefacts present in the images precluded quantitative analysis. OCT provided the most accurate estimates for the channel height based on an analysis of optical micrographs obtained after destructively slicing the channel with a microtome. OCT may be a promising technique for the future of three‐dimensional metrology of critical internal structures in lab‐on‐a‐chip devices because scans can be performed rapidly and noninvasively prior to their use.     

Differences between time domain and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography in imaging tissues

It has been numerously demonstrated that both time domain and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) can generate high‐resolution depth‐resolved images of living tissues and cells. In this work, we compare the common points and differences between two methods when the continuous and random properties of live tissue are taken into account. It is found that when relationships that exist between the scattered light and tissue structures are taken into account, spectral interference measurements in Fourier domain OCT (FDOCT) is more advantageous than interference fringe envelope measurements in time domain OCT (TDOCT) in the cases where continuous property of tissue is taken into account. It is also demonstrated that when random property of tissue is taken into account FDOCT measures the Fourier transform of the spatial correlation function of the refractive index and speckle phenomena will limit the effective limiting imaging resolution in both TDOCT and FDOCT. Finally, the effective limiting resolution of both TDOCT and FDOCT are given which can be used to estimate the effective limiting resolution in various practical applications.     

Mid-infrared optical coherence tomography

A time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is described that uses mid-infrared light (6-8 microm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first OCT system that operates in the mid-infrared spectral region. It has been designed to characterize bioengineered tissues in terms of their structure and biochemical composition. The system is based upon a free-space Michelson interferometer with a germanium beam splitter and a liquid nitrogen cooled HgCdTe detector. A key component of this work has been the development of a broadband quantum cascade laser source (InGaAs/AlInAs containing 11 different active regions of the three well vertical transition type) that emits continuously over the 6-8 microm wavelength range. This wavelength range corresponds to the so called "mid-infrared fingerprint region" which exhibits well-defined absorption bands that are specifically attributable to the absorbing molecules. Therefore, this technology provides an opportunity for optical coherence molecular imaging without the need for molecular contrast agents. Preliminary measurements are presented.     

基于干涉条纹的光谱仪光谱标定方法研究

为了在光学相干层析(optical coherence tomography,OCT)系统中实现快速精准标定光谱仪的光谱带宽和确定光谱横坐标的变化规律,提出了用干涉条纹标定光谱带宽和确定波长非线性分布规律,从而实现了光谱仪光谱标定。先用单频激光确定了某一特定波长在CCD中像素点位置,然后根据光程差与干涉光谱周期数之间的关系确定了光谱仪的光谱带宽范围;再运用多项式函数拟合干涉光谱,将光谱强度平滑处理并对干涉条纹的峰值间距做了插值处理。根据峰值间距与波数的比例关系,确定了波长在横坐标的分布规律。两个对照实验结果表明,运用该方法标定的光谱带宽误差在±0.15 nm以内,标定误差优于传统汞灯等标定方法。研究结果表明:光谱横坐标校正后明显提高了系统分辨率和信噪比,因此验证该标定方法是可行的。     

Multifunctional imaging of endogenous contrast by simultaneous nonlinear and optical coherence microscopy of thick tissues

A variety of high resolution optical microscopy techniques have been developed in recent years for basic and clinical studies of biological systems. We demonstrate a trimodal microscope combining optical coherence microscopy (OCM) with two forms of nonlinear microscopy, namely two-photon excited fluorescence (2PF) and second harmonic generation (SHG), for imaging turbid media. OCM combines the advantages of confocal detection and coherence gating for structural imaging in highly scattering tissues. Nonlinear microscopy enables the detection of biochemical species, such as elastin, NAD(P)H, and collagen. While 2PF arises from nonlinear excitation of fluorescent species, SHG is a form of nonlinear scattering observed in materials that lack a center of inversion symmetry, such as type I collagen. Characterization of the microscope showed nearly diffraction-limited spatial resolution in all modalities. Images were obtained in fish scales and excised human skin samples. The primary endogenous sources of contrast in the dermis were due to elastin autofluorescence and collagen SHG. Multimodal microscopy allows the simultaneous visualization of structural and functional information of biological systems.     

双重滤波扫频光源的研制

扫频光源是目前光学相干层析成像的关键部分,其光谱带宽和瞬时线宽分别影响着成像系统的轴向分辨率和成像深度。在单一滤波器中,这两者相互制约。针对这一情况,提出了一个利用两种滤波器组合优化的扫频光源系统。以双半导体光放大器并联作为增益介质,将声光可调滤波器(AOTF)和法布里-珀罗可调滤波器(FFP-TF)串联接入环形腔内进行双重滤波。其中AOTF的调谐范围和瞬时线宽均较宽,FFP-TF与之相反,经同步匹配设置后,两者协调工作,能够发挥各自的优势。通过搭建系统,获得了中心波长为1 316 nm的扫频激光输出,其光谱是1 235～1 380 nm,调谐范围是145 nm,瞬时线宽小于0.02 nm,扫频速度为1.35 kHz,输出光功率为0.48 mW。该扫频光源能够克服单一滤波器的固有缺陷,实现宽光谱带宽与窄瞬时线宽的有效统一,对成像综合性能的优化具有重要意义。