Second-order sliding mode control with experimental application

In this article, a second-order sliding mode control (2-SMC) is proposed for second-order uncertain plants using equivalent control approach to improve the performance of control systems. A Proportional + Integral + Derivative (PID) sliding surface is used for the sliding mode. The sliding mode control law is derived using direct Lyapunov stability approach and asymptotic stability is proved theoretically. The performance of the closed-loop system is analysed through an experimental application to an electromechanical plant to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed second-order sliding mode control and factors involved in the design. The second-order plant parameters are experimentally determined using input-output measured data. The results of the experimental application are presented to make a quantitative comparison with the traditional (first-order) sliding mode control (SMC) and PID control. It is demonstrated that the proposed 2-SMC system improves the performance of the closed-loop system with better tracking specifications in the case of external disturbances, better behavior of the output and faster convergence of the sliding surface while maintaining the stability.     

Adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance for robotic manipulators

This study proposes an adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance for robotic manipulators. A transformation with respect to tracking error using certain performance functions is used to ensure the transient and steady-state performances of the trajectory tracking control for robotic manipulators. Using the transformed error, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is proposed. A continuous terminal sliding mode control (SMC) is presented to stabilize the system. To compensate for the uncertainty and external disturbance, a novel sliding mode disturbance observer is proposed. Considering the unknown boundary of the derivative of a lumped disturbance, an adaptive law based on the idea of equivalent control is designed. Combining the adaptive law, continuous nonsingular terminal SMC, and sliding mode disturbance observer, the adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance is developed. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于模糊切换增益调节的惯性稳定平台滑模控制

为了实现航空遥感惯性稳定平台在复杂多源扰动环境下的高精度控制,提出基于模糊滑模的惯性稳定平台高精度控制 方法,通过对总和扰动抑制实现对多源扰动抑制,从而提高稳定平台控制精度。 首先将惯性稳定平台的所有扰动视为整体,基 于滑模等效控制设计惯性稳定平台的全局快速终端滑模控制器,实现系统状态快速、精确地收敛到平衡状态并且不离开滑模 面。 其次,针对控制系统存在鲁棒性与抖振问题无法兼顾的问题,在滑模控制基础上融合模糊切换增益调节,设计模糊规则对 惯性稳定平台滑模控制中的切换增益进行实时调节,从而利用切换增益消除干扰项。 最后,对所提出方法的正确性进行仿真以 及实验验证。 结果表明,基于模糊切换增益调节的滑模控制方法扰动抑制能力强、稳定精度高,相对于 PID 控制和全局快速终 端滑模控制,稳定精度分别提高 32. 7% 和 15. 3% 。     

挖掘机基于干扰观测器的滑模控制

针对挖掘机工作装置的参数不确定和存在干扰的问题,将滑模控制用于挖掘机工作装置的轨迹跟踪控制中。为了削弱滑模控制中存在的抖振,设计了干扰观测器,对干扰项进行有效估计以降低滑模控制中的切换增益。利用Matlab／Simulink工具箱对所设计的控制器进行了仿真,给出了基于干扰观测器的滑模控制的跟踪性能及误差。     

基于分数阶微积分的机械臂迭代滑模控制策略研究

为提高工业机械臂的控制性能,将分数阶微积分理论与迭代学习控制及滑模控制相结合,提出一种有效的分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.在控制器的设计过程中,分别采用分数阶趋近律与分数阶滑模控制律两种方法将分数阶微积分引入到迭代滑模控制中,提出分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.并使用李雅普诺夫理论分析系统的稳定性.然后以一个两关节机械臂为例,通过MATLAB仿真对所提出的控制策略进行了验证.实验表明:分数阶迭代滑模控制策略可以有效提高关节的跟踪速度和跟踪精度,减小跟踪误差,具有较强的鲁棒性,并有效地抑制了滑模控制的抖振现象.     

基于分数阶微积分的机械臂迭代滑模控制策略研究

为提高工业机械臂的控制性能,将分数阶微积分理论与迭代学习控制及滑模控制相结合,提出一种有效的分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.在控制器的设计过程中,分别采用分数阶趋近律与分数阶滑模控制律两种方法将分数阶微积分引入到迭代滑模控制中,提出分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.并使用李雅普诺夫理论分析系统的稳定性.然后以一个两关节机械臂为例,通过MATLAB仿真对所提出的控制策略进行了验证.实验表明:分数阶迭代滑模控制策略可以有效提高关节的跟踪速度和跟踪精度,减小跟踪误差,具有较强的鲁棒性,并有效地抑制了滑模控制的抖振现象.     

A new optimal sliding mode controller design using scalar sign function

This paper presents a new optimal sliding mode controller using the scalar sign function method. A smooth, continuous-time scalar sign function is used to replace the discontinuous switching function in the design of a sliding mode controller. The proposed sliding mode controller is designed using an optimal Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) approach. The sliding surface of the system is designed using stable eigenvectors and the scalar sign function. Controller simulations are compared with another existing optimal sliding mode controller. To test the effectiveness of the proposed controller, the controller is implemented on an aluminum beam with piezoceramic sensor and actuator for vibration control. This paper includes the control design and stability analysis of the new optimal sliding mode controller, followed by simulation and experimental results. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach is very effective.     

Sliding mode control with PID sliding surface and experimental application to an electromechanical plant

In this study, a sliding mode control system with a proportional+integral+derivative (PID) sliding surface is adopted to control the speed of an electromechanical plant. A robust sliding mode controller is derived so that the actual trajectory tracks the desired trajectory despite uncertainty, nonlinear dynamics, and external disturbances. The proposed sliding mode controller is chosen to ensure the stability of overall dynamics during the reaching phase and sliding phase. The stability of the system is guaranteed in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theorem. The chattering problem is overcome using a hyperbolic function for the sliding surface. Experimental results that are compared with the results of conventional PID verify that the proposed sliding mode controller can achieve favorable tracking performance, and it is robust with regard to uncertainties and disturbances.     

防抱制动系统参数自适应滑模变结构控制器的研究

首先针对具有参数不确定性的二阶非线性系统提出了自适应滑模变结构的控制算法 ,该算法的基本思想是用自适应策略来估计不确定系统的参数 ,根据估计出的参数值 ,来设计滑模控制器 ,优点是无须事先已知不确定参数的边界 ,并且由于在自适应变结构控制采用了消颤措施 (增加了消颤项 ) ,能削弱常规滑模控制所引起的颤振现象 ,也能提高单纯的自适应控制的鲁棒性能。而后将这一控制策略应用于防抱死制动系统 (ABS)的研究中 ,设计了防抱死制动系统的自适应滑模变结构控制器 ,通过计算机仿真 ,验证了该控制方案在 ABS应用中的可行性和有效性     

Optimal second order sliding mode control for nonlinear uncertain systems

In this paper, a chattering free optimal second order sliding mode control (OSOSMC) method is proposed to stabilize nonlinear systems affected by uncertainties. The nonlinear optimal control strategy is based on the control Lyapunov function (CLF). For ensuring robustness of the optimal controller in the presence of parametric uncertainty and external disturbances, a sliding mode control scheme is realized by combining an integral and a terminal sliding surface. The resulting second order sliding mode can effectively reduce chattering in the control input. Simulation results confirm the supremacy of the proposed optimal second order sliding mode control over some existing sliding mode controllers in controlling nonlinear systems affected by uncertainty.     

Adaptive super-twisting sliding mode observer based robust backstepping sensorless speed control for IPMSM

This paper proposes a higher-order sliding mode observer based robust backstepping control to realize high-performance sensorless speed regulation for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A new robust adaptive super-twisting higher-order sliding mode based observer is proposed to estimate the rotor position. The proposed observer has advantages of sliding chattering reduction and robustness against uncertainties. And, a new robust integral adaptive backstepping control with sliding mode actions is designed to achieve precise speed regulation. The uncertainties with unknown bounds can be stabilized by the sliding mode actions. And both transient and steady performance can be achieved by using the sliding mode and integral actions simultaneously. Then, a sensorless scheme is put forward to by combining the presented observer and the proposed controller. The stability of the observer and controller are verified. Simulation and experiment results validate the proposed approach.     

基于干扰观测器的时滞非线性切换系统滑模控制方法

为实现更加精准的时滞非线性切换系统滑模控制,应用干扰观测器设计一种新的系统滑模控制方法。构建时滞非线性切换系统模型,针对系统在发生结构变化时会产生复合干扰变化的情况,设计了一种非线性切换干扰观测器,实施系统不连续干扰的估计。通过 Backstepping 方法结合干扰观测器,设计一种切换滑模控制器,依据标量非线性特性打造一个滑模面,通过滑模控制器算法使时滞非线性切换系统能够满足滑模面的实际可达性条件,完成切换滑模控制器设计,实现系统的滑模控制。对设计的滑模控制方法进行测试,实验中选择的时滞非线性切换系统为一种变后掠翼 NSV 。实验结果表明,该设计方法能够实现较为准确地切入信号跟踪,表现出了很好的切换复合干扰估计性能。     

基于RBF网络滑模的电动助力制动系统液压力控制

针对汽车电动助力制动系统（Electro-booster，EBooster）的液压力控制中液压负载的非线性和不一致性问题，提出一种基于径向基函数（Radial based function，RBF）神经网络的滑模变结构控制方法。设计EBooster系统压力控制架构，建立液压制动系统等效结构简化模型，据此设计基于RBF网络滑模变结构的液压力控制方法，通过设计RBF网络的自适应律来实现系统滑模控制参数的自适应调整，并利用李雅普诺夫函数方法分析算法的稳定性。最后搭建电动助力制动系统的快速原型试验平台来验证算法的有效性。试验结果表明，采用RBF神经网络滑模变结构的控制策略对电动助力制动系统液压力的控制误差在2%以内，具有良好的控制效果。研究成果为EBooster系统的压力控制提出一种具有良好自适应性的算法设计思路。     

Second-order sliding mode control for DFIG-based wind turbines fault ride-through capability enhancement

This paper deals with the fault ride-through capability assessment of a doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine using a high-order sliding mode control. Indeed, it has been recently suggested that sliding mode control is a solution of choice to the fault ride-through problem. In this context, this paper proposes a second-order sliding mode as an improved solution that handle the classical sliding mode chattering problem. Indeed, the main and attractive features of high-order sliding modes are robustness against external disturbances, the grids faults in particular, and chattering-free behavior (no extra mechanical stress on the wind turbine drive train).     

Improving tracking performance of industrial SCARA robots using a new sliding mode control algorithm

This paper addresses the implementation of a new sliding mode control algorithm for high speed and high precision tasks, which is robust against variations in the robot parameters and load. The effects of nonlinear dynamics, which are difficult to model accurately, become prominent in high speed operations. This paper attempts to treat the nonlinear dynamics of a SCARA robot as a disturbance. Based upon this approach, a new sliding mode control algorithm is proposed, in which a switching control input can be obtained easily and is determined to satisfy the existence condition for sliding mode control. A graphic simulator is used to evaluate the proposed algorithm for a SCARA robot. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust against disturbances and can reduce the magnitude of chattering, which is an unavoidable problem in sliding mode control. Experiments are carried out to validate the simulated results with an industrial SCARA robot using DSPs.     

基于组合滑模面的起重机升降系统位置控制

针对滑模控制系统中线性滑模面动态性能好、稳态性能较差,而积分滑模面稳态性能好、动态性能较差的特点,结合两者优势,设计了一种线性滑模面和积分滑模面平滑切换的组合滑模面,并将带内负衰减控制的趋近律用于滑模控制中,提高控制系统的动态和稳态性能的同时又削弱了抖振。将该控制策略应用到起重机升降系统中,通过仿真验证了该控制策略的有效性。     

Integral backstepping sliding mode control for underactuated systems: Swing-up and stabilization of the Cart–Pendulum System

In this paper an integral backstepping sliding mode controller is proposed for controlling underactuated systems. A feedback control law is designed based on backstepping algorithm and a sliding surface is introduced in the final stage of the algorithm. The backstepping algorithm makes the controller immune to matched and mismatched uncertainties and the sliding mode control provides robustness. The proposed controller ensures asymptotic stability. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared against a coupled sliding mode controller for swing-up and stabilization of the Cart–Pendulum System. Simulation results show that the proposed integral backstepping sliding mode controller is able to reject both matched and mismatched uncertainties with a chattering free control law, while utilizing less control effort than the sliding mode controller.     

转台伺服摩擦系统模糊滑模控制仿真

滑模控制是一种非线性控制策略,能够根据当前状态实现自适应的变结构运动,能够实现伺服系统的快速响应,并克服低速状态下摩擦力矩的影响。鉴于常规滑模控制有严重的抖振现象,系统通过引入柔性的模糊控制,通过模糊控制算法改变其切换增益,实现不确定项的消除。以直流电动伺服系统为被控对象,建立了其数学模型和摩擦模型,实现了基于切换增益的模糊滑模控制器的设计,软件仿真结果表明论文所设计的滑模控制器能达到较好的控制品质,有效的克服系统抖振,实现系统低速摩擦补偿。     

悬架不确定性的滑模半主动控制分析

在电流变液特性试验的基础上,提出基于电流变阻尼悬架的滑模半主动控制。依据滑模控制理论,采用极点配置法确定滑模切换面参数,应用比例切换的控制方法和等速趋近率确定控制律并改善滑模运动的动态品质,同时采用RBF神经网络算法优化滑模控制效果。针对悬架质量参数和车速不确定性,运用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行了悬架半主动控制的建模和仿真分析。仿真结果显示,与被动悬架相比基于RBF神经网络的滑模半主动控制能有效改善悬架性能,对于悬架的不确定性有较好的自适应性。     

SLIDING MODE CONTROL FOR ACTIVE AUTOMOBILE SUSPENSIONS

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