Adaptive second-order fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for robotic manipulators

This paper presents an adaptive chattering-free sliding mode controller for trajectory tracking of robotic manipulators in the presence of external disturbances and inertia uncertainties. To achieve fast convergence and desirable tracking precision, a second-order fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (SOFNTSM) controller is designed to guarantee system performance and robust stability. Chattering is eliminated using continuous control law due to high-frequency switching terms contained in the first derivative of actual control signals. Meanwhile, uncertainties are compensated by introducing the adaptive technique, whose prior knowledge about upper bound is not required. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Hybrid finite-time trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor

In this paper, accurate trajectory tracking control problem of a quadrotor with unknown dynamics and disturbances is addressed by devising a hybrid finite-time control (HFTC) approach. An adaptive integral sliding mode (AISM) control law is proposed for altitude subsystem of the quadrotor, whereby underactuated characteristics can decoupled. Backstepping technique is further deployed to control the horizontal position subsystem. To exactly attenuate external disturbances, a finite-time disturbance observer (FDO) combining with nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) control strategy is constructed for attitude subsystem, and thereby achieve finite-time stability. Using the compounded control scheme, trajectory tracking errors can be stabilized rapidly. Simulation results and comprehensive comparisons show that the proposed HFTC scheme has remarkably superior performance.     

基于反演设计的机械臂非奇异终端神经滑模控制

针对具有建模误差和不确定干扰的多关节机械臂的轨迹跟踪问题,设计反演非奇异终端神经滑模控制。该方案是采用能有限时间收敛的非奇异终端滑模面,根据滑模控制原理和反演方法设计反演滑模控制器;对于反演滑模控制系统中由于建模误差和不确定干扰造成的不确定因素的上界,设计径向基(Radial basis function, RBF)神经网络自适应律,在线估计不确定因素的上界;利用李亚普诺夫定理证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的轨迹跟踪性能,提高对于建模误差和不确定干扰等因素的鲁棒性,削弱了抖动。     

Finite-time tracking control of nth-order chained-form non-holonomic systems in the presence of disturbances

This paper addresses the problem of finite-time tracking controller design for nth-order chained-form non-holonomic systems in the presence of unknown disturbances. To this aim, a generalized disturbance observer based controller is proposed and combined with a recursive terminal sliding mode approach which guarantees finite-time convergence of the disturbance observer dynamic. By introducing a time-varying transformation and introducing a new control law, the existence of the sliding around the recursive terminal sliding mode surfaces is guaranteed. Finally, the proposed approach is applied for a wheeled mobile robot with a fourth-order chained-form non-holonomic model. The simulation results demonstrate the desirable and robust tracking performance of the proposed approach in the presence of unknown disturbance.     

仅利用位置测量信息的机械手鲁棒滑模跟踪控制

针对机械手的鲁棒控制问题 ,提出了一种仅利用位置测量信息的机械手鲁棒滑模跟踪控制器设计方案。通过引入滑模观测器 ,避免了对关节角速度信号的测量 ,该控制器不仅能保证闭环系统所有信号全局有界 ,且能使跟踪误差以指数速度收敛到零的小邻域内。计算机仿真验证了该控制方案的可行性和有效性     

Adaptive super-twisting fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control of cable-driven manipulators

This paper proposes a novel adaptive super-twisting fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode (AST–FONTSM) control scheme using time delay estimation (TDE) for the cable-driven manipulators. The designed control scheme utilizes TDE to obtain the estimation of system dynamics, and therefore no system dynamic model information will be required. Afterwards, AST and FONTSM schemes are applied to ensure good control performance in both reaching and sliding mode phases. Due to the adoption of AST scheme, good robustness and high control precision are obtained in the reaching phase, while the boundary information of the lumped uncertainties will be no longer required. Thanks to the utilization of FONTSM error dynamics, fast convergence and accurate tracking and strong robustness can be simultaneously ensured in the sliding mode phase. Corresponding comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiorities of our proposed method over the existing control methods.     

Neural network disturbance observer-based distributed finite-time formation tracking control for multiple unmanned helicopters

The distributed finite-time formation tracking control problem for multiple unmanned helicopters is investigated in this paper. The control object is to maintain the positions of follower helicopters in formation with external interferences. The helicopter model is divided into a second order outer-loop subsystem and a second order inner-loop subsystem based on multiple-time scale features. Using radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) technique, we first propose a novel finite-time multivariable neural network disturbance observer (FMNNDO) to estimate the external disturbance and model uncertainty, where the neural network (NN) approximation errors can be dynamically compensated by adaptive law. Next, based on FMNNDO, a distributed finite-time formation tracking controller and a finite-time attitude tracking controller are designed using the nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) method. In order to estimate the second derivative of the virtual desired attitude signal, a novel finite-time sliding mode integral filter is designed. Finally, Lyapunov analysis and multiple-time scale principle ensure the realization of control goal in finite-time. The effectiveness of the proposed FMNNDO and controllers are then verified by numerical simulations.     

机械臂任务空间鲁棒Terminal滑模控制

不确定性和外部干扰是制约机器人控制精度的主要因素,传统Terminal滑模控制方法未能考虑机械臂运动学不确定性。提出一种新的机械臂任务空间鲁棒连续非奇异Terminal滑模跟踪控制方法。该方法具有较强的鲁棒性,能够有效克服运动学不确定性、动力学不确定性和外部干扰,保证机械臂任务空间跟踪误差有限时间稳定,将现有机械臂Terminal滑模控制方法从关节空间扩展到任务空间。通过模型转换,同时考虑机械臂运动学不确定性和动力学模型不确定性。使用矢量和矩阵范数定义,给出系统不确定性的界定方法。运用Lyapunov再设计方法和有界稳定理论,分析系统稳定性,明确给出系统调节时间和跟踪误差剩余集的估计方法。仿真中,通过与现有机械臂关节空间Terminal滑模跟踪控制方法比较,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Guidance law against maneuvering targets with intercept angle constraint

This study explores the guidance law against maneuvering targets with the intercept angle constraint. The limitation of the traditional guidance law, which simply treats the unknown target acceleration as zero, has been analyzed. To reduce this limitation, a linear extended state observer is constructed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering target to enhance the tracking performance of the desired intercept angle. Furthermore, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control scheme is adopted to design the sliding surface, which is able to avoid the singularity in the terminal phase of guidance. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed guidance law outperforms the traditional guidance law in the sense that more accurate intercept angle can be achieved.     

Sliding mode output feedback control based on tracking error observer with disturbance estimator

For a class of systems who suffers from disturbances, an original output feedback sliding mode control method is presented based on a novel tracking error observer with disturbance estimator. The mathematical models of the systems are not required to be with high accuracy, and the disturbances can be vanishing or nonvanishing, while the bounds of disturbances are unknown. By constructing a differential sliding surface and employing reaching law approach, a sliding mode controller is obtained. On the basis of an extended disturbance estimator, a creative tracking error observer is produced. By using the observation of tracking error and the estimation of disturbance, the sliding mode controller is implementable. It is proved that the disturbance estimation error and tracking observation error are bounded, the sliding surface is reachable and the closed-loop system is robustly stable. The simulations on a servomotor positioning system and a five-degree-of-freedom active magnetic bearings system verify the effect of the proposed method.     

An enhanced tracking control of marine surface vessels based on adaptive integral sliding mode control and disturbance observer

In this paper, a new control methodology is developed to enhance the tracking performance of fully actuated surface vessels based on an integrating between an adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) and a disturbance observer (DO). First, an integral sliding mode control (ISMC), in which the backstepping control technique is used as the nominal controller, is designed for the system. The major features, i.e., benefits and drawbacks, of the ISMC are discussed thoroughly. Then, to enhance the tracking performance of the system, an adaptive technique and a new disturbance observer based on sliding mode technique are developed and integrated into the ISMC. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on Lyapunov criteria. Computer simulation is performed to illustrate the tracking performance of the proposed controller and compare with the existing controllers for the tracking control of a surface vessel. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy.     

基于非线性干扰观测器的自动弹仓终端滑模控制

针对某自动弹仓位置控制过程中的负载变化和不确定性干扰，设计了基于干扰观测器和非奇异快速终端滑模的复合控制策略，建立了自动弹仓的不确定性动力学模型。干扰观测器用于估计系统复合干扰，估计值用于补偿滑模控制器以增强控制器的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。运用Lyapunov准则证明了系统闭环稳定。所提算法和PID算法的对比实验结果显示，设计的控制律实现了自动弹仓位置的精确控制，具有良好的鲁棒性，有效提高了自动弹仓的定位稳定性。     

Model-free adaptive integral terminal sliding mode predictive control for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems

In this paper, a new model-free adaptive digital integral terminal sliding mode predictive control scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with disturbances. The characteristic of the proposed control approach is easy to be implemented because it merely adopts the input and output data model of the system based on compact form dynamic linearization (CFDL) data-driven technique, while the technique of perturbation estimation is applied to estimate the disturbance term of the system. Moreover, by means of combining model predictive control and CFDL digital integral terminal sliding mode control (CFDL-DITSMC), the CFDL digital integral terminal sliding mode predictive control (CFDL-DITSMPC) method is proposed, which can further improve the tracking accuracy and disturbance rejection performance in comparison with the CFDL model-free adaptive control, neural network quasi-sliding mode control and the CFDL-DITSMC scheme. Meanwhile, the stability of the proposed approach is guaranteed by theoretical analysis, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is also illustrated by numerical simulations and the experiment on the two-tank water level control system.     

Sliding mode based trajectory linearization control for hypersonic reentry vehicle via extended disturbance observer

This paper proposes a novel hybrid control framework by combing observer-based sliding mode control (SMC) with trajectory linearization control (TLC) for hypersonic reentry vehicle (HRV) attitude tracking problem. First, fewer control consumption is achieved using nonlinear tracking differentiator (TD) in the attitude loop. Second, a novel SMC that employs extended disturbance observer (EDO) to counteract the effect of uncertainties using a new sliding surface which includes the estimation error is integrated to address the tracking error stabilization issues in the attitude and angular rate loop, respectively. In addition, new results associated with EDO are examined in terms of dynamic response and noise-tolerant performance, as well as estimation accuracy. The key feature of the proposed compound control approach is that chattering free tracking performance with high accuracy can be ensured for HRV in the presence of multiple uncertainties under control constraints. Based on finite time convergence stability theory, the stability of the resulting closed-loop system is well established. Also, comparisons and extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.     

Adaptive sliding mode current control with sliding mode disturbance observer for PMSM drives

This paper focuses on the current control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for electric drives with model uncertainties and external disturbances. To improve the performance of the PMSM current loop in terms of the speed of response, tracking accuracy, and robustness, a hybrid control strategy is proposed by combining the adaptive sliding mode control and sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO). An adaptive law is introduced in the sliding mode current controller to improve the dynamic response speed of the current loop and robustness of the PMSM drive system to the existing parameter variations. The SMDO is used as a compensator to restrain the external disturbances and reduce the sliding mode control gains. Experiments results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can guarantee strong anti-disturbance capability of the PMSM drive system with improved current and speed-tracking performance.     

周视扫描成像系统的转台转速高精度控制

为实现基于转台的像移补偿型周视扫描成像系统的高分辨率稳定成像,提出了一种复合控制算法对永磁同步电机驱动的扫描转台进行转速跟踪控制。根据转台的载荷特点及电机的数学模型,建立了包含机械参数不确定性和快变转矩扰动的单采样率控制系统模型;采用快速非奇异终端滑模和扩张高增益观测器复合控制实现了转速跟踪控制;采用快速非奇异终端滑模实现了最大转矩电流比控制;最后,分析并验证了基于上述复合算法的转速跟踪控制性能。实验表明:在转台转速设定为120 r/min或240 r/min时,采用该复合算法的转速跟踪误差均小于0.1%。与PI控制、快速非奇异终端滑模控制及线性滑模+观测器控制相比,采用该复合算法的转台转速响应具有无超调、抗扰动性能更强、跟踪精度更高的优点,能保证所述周视成像系统获得清晰稳定的周视全景图像。     

基于快速终端滑模算法的机械手跟踪控制研究

提出了一种模糊自适应快速终端滑模控制方法。该控制方法采用多幂次趋近律构造趋近运动,用以提高趋近滑模面的速度,然后对常规的终端滑模面进行改进,提高沿滑模面收敛的速度。为消除控制系统中存在的不确定因素和建模误差,该控制算法还引进模糊自适应方法进行在线逼近。利用李雅普诺夫定理证明了所提出算法的稳定性。最后基于MATLAB与ADAMS联合仿真平台,采用所提出的算法对自行设计的3R型机械手进行轨迹跟踪研究,仿真结果显示,本控制方法具有更快的收敛性和更强的鲁棒性,有效地抑制了滑模控制中存在的振荡。     

基于扰动观测器的永磁同步电机电流环自适应滑模控制

针对扰动对永磁同步电机转速伺服系统性能的影响,提出了基于扰动观测器的电流环自适应滑模控制方法。设计了自适应律在线估计系统的内部参数摄动以补偿模型不确定性扰动。同时,设计了滑模扰动观测器实时估计系统外部负载扰动,并将观测值前馈补偿到电流环自适应滑模控制器,在提高系统鲁棒性的同时降低滑模控制系统的抖振。实验结果显示,采用基于扰动观测器的电流环自适应滑模控制方法,系统可快速、准确、无超调地跟踪900r/min的速度指令,调节时间为0.08s,稳态误差为±5r/min。加入0.6N·m的负载扰动,该控制方法的最大转速波动为21r/min,比PI控制方法的转速波动减小了3.4%。仿真和实验结果表明,基于扰动观测器的电流环自适应控制方法提高了永磁同步电机转速伺服系统的鲁棒性和动态响应性能,同时可有效抑制滑模控制系统的抖振。     

基于分数阶微积分的机械臂迭代滑模控制策略研究

为提高工业机械臂的控制性能,将分数阶微积分理论与迭代学习控制及滑模控制相结合,提出一种有效的分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.在控制器的设计过程中,分别采用分数阶趋近律与分数阶滑模控制律两种方法将分数阶微积分引入到迭代滑模控制中,提出分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.并使用李雅普诺夫理论分析系统的稳定性.然后以一个两关节机械臂为例,通过MATLAB仿真对所提出的控制策略进行了验证.实验表明:分数阶迭代滑模控制策略可以有效提高关节的跟踪速度和跟踪精度,减小跟踪误差,具有较强的鲁棒性,并有效地抑制了滑模控制的抖振现象.     

基于分数阶微积分的机械臂迭代滑模控制策略研究

为提高工业机械臂的控制性能,将分数阶微积分理论与迭代学习控制及滑模控制相结合,提出一种有效的分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.在控制器的设计过程中,分别采用分数阶趋近律与分数阶滑模控制律两种方法将分数阶微积分引入到迭代滑模控制中,提出分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.并使用李雅普诺夫理论分析系统的稳定性.然后以一个两关节机械臂为例,通过MATLAB仿真对所提出的控制策略进行了验证.实验表明:分数阶迭代滑模控制策略可以有效提高关节的跟踪速度和跟踪精度,减小跟踪误差,具有较强的鲁棒性,并有效地抑制了滑模控制的抖振现象.