面齿轮传动安装误差特性研究

对渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮和面齿轮的啮合传动的安装误差范围进行了研究。建立了面齿轮齿面方程,应用微分几何和啮合原理形成了齿面啮合迹;通过分析齿面啮合点处的弹性变形与其曲率的关系,得到了面齿轮上的齿面啮合域;最后分析了安装误差对传动误差和啮合域的影响,并确定了满足设计啮合域要求的安装误差变动范围。     

齿廓方向修形的斜齿面齿轮啮合特性研究

主要研究了修形面齿轮副传动的啮合特性.提出了一种沿齿廓方向抛物线修形的面齿轮齿面结构,对传统斜齿面齿轮和修形的斜齿面齿轮副的啮合进行了比较.计算机仿真表明,修形的斜齿面齿轮传动啮合性能明显改善,接触路径沿两齿面齿长方向分布,有效避免了边缘接触;啮合区域对安装误差较为敏感,特别是轴夹角误差的大小,对啮合印痕在齿面上分布的影响尤其明显,容易导致接触区域向面齿轮的大端和小端偏移.     

基于小轮磨齿修形的面齿轮接触性能分析

提出了直齿面齿轮的碟形砂轮磨齿方法,根据磨齿加工原理,建立了碟形砂轮磨齿加工模型,利用磨齿加工过程中对小轮的双向修形来实现面齿轮副的啮合性能优化,推导了面齿轮齿面和小轮修形齿面方程。算例表明,对小轮磨齿加工参数和修形参数的调整,可使齿面接触迹线的位置和方向得到改善,从而降低面齿轮副对安装误差的敏感性,并得到抛物线传动误差,有效减小因安装误差引起的振动与噪声。     

非耦合安装误差对斜齿轮与面齿轮传动的啮合迹灵敏度研究

对渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮和面齿轮的啮合传动进行了研究，从齿面的几何计算入手建立了斜齿轮和面齿轮的齿面方程，并在此基础上形成了数值齿面。本文还研究了系统的安装误差，并把系统的安装误差分解为偏置距，径向误差，轴线夹角误差。在此基础上利用计算机编程仿真的方法，重点研究了一对齿轮在两项误差为零的情况下，其中一项误差对啮合迹线在齿面上的位置的影响。     

考虑边缘接触直齿面齿轮传动轮齿接触分析

主要分析了直齿面齿轮传动在考虑边缘接触条件下的啮合.从理论上推导了求解边缘接触的数学模型及边缘接触点满足的约束条件,利用相邻接触点主曲率方向相似的方法确定了当发生边缘接触时在接触曲面上的主曲率方向.结果显示,边缘接触更容易在刚进入啮合时产生,并且在边缘接触点处几何传动误差不再为O.     

变位非正交面齿轮副小轮齿向修形轮齿接触分析

建立了变位非正交面齿轮的加工坐标系和啮合坐标系,推导了变位小轮及变位非正交面齿轮的齿面方程,计算得到了面齿轮数值齿面,分析了变位对非正交面齿轮齿宽的影响。在变位的基础上研究了对小轮进行齿向鼓形修形,而面齿轮不修形的修形方式。分别对未变位、变位、变位加小轮齿向修形的三种非正交面齿轮传动形式进行考虑安装误差的轮齿接触分析。研究表明：随着变位系数增大,非正交面齿轮最小内半径、最大外半径及极限齿宽均减小;变位不影响非正交面齿轮副的接触规律;小轮齿向修形能降低接触轨迹对安装误差的敏感性,会引起幅值较小的直线型传动误差。     

Undercutting and contact characteristics of longitudinal cycloidal spur gears generated by the dual face-hobbing method

This paper investigated the undercutting of longitudinal cycloidal spur gear generated by the dual face-hobbing method. Sensitivity of transmission errors and contact patterns due to varied assembly errors were studied using the tooth contact analysis (TCA) technique. The undercut of the longitudinal cycloidal spur gear is similar to the regular spur gear except for the fact that the helical angle is varied along the longitudinal direction due to the cycloidal cutting trace. Several numerical examples are presented to validate the derived undercutting of the proposed longitudinal cycloidal spur gear and the tooth contact pattern sensitivity. As expected, the bearing contact and transmission error are insensitive to the assembly error.     

基于ANSYS的斜齿面齿轮传动的弯曲应力分析

给出了斜齿面齿轮齿面的一般方程,建立了面齿轮传动的三齿几何模型,形成了圆柱齿轮和面齿轮的有限元分析模型,研究了在不同参数(齿数、模数、齿宽和螺旋角)条件下,在齿顶受载时两齿轮的弯曲应力分布规律;分析了外力作用位置沿齿长方向变化时两齿轮所受弯曲应力的分布规律,并对比了螺旋角变化时弯曲应力的变化规律,得出了相应的结论.     

关于面齿轮接触和弯曲应力有限元计算方法的研究

根据面齿轮加工基本坐标系和齿轮啮合原理,由刀具齿面方程和坐标转换矩阵建立了面齿轮齿面方程,通过编程计算出面齿轮齿面点,实现了面齿轮三维可视化建模。采用三维有限元分析方法,研究了5种不同载荷条件下面齿轮传动的接触应力、弯曲应力和重合度的变化规律。计算结果表明,随着载荷的增大,面齿轮齿面接触区和重合度增大;在单齿啮合时,面齿轮接触和弯曲应力最大,弯曲应力最大值出现在沿齿高方向靠近中间的位置。本文对面齿轮传动的强度设计具有一定的指导意义。     

基于LS-DYNA的正交面齿轮动态接触分析

以圆柱齿轮和面齿轮传动为研究对象,采用齿轮啮合原理,分别形成了两者的齿面数据,在此基础上,采用CATIA形成了齿轮齿面,并对齿轮轮齿进行了几何实体造型,而后利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对面齿轮进行动力学接触仿真分析,计算了齿轮副在动态啮合过程中齿面接触应力的变化情况,并对结果进行相应的分析。     

Pinion tooth surface generation strategy of spiral bevel gears

Aviation spiral bevel gears are often generated by spiral generated modified(SGM) roll method.In this style,pinion tooth surface modified generation strategy has an important influence on the meshing and contact performances.For the optimal contact pattern and transmission error function,local synthesis is applied to obtain the machine-tool settings of pinion.For digitized machine,four tooth surface generation styles of pinion are proposed.For every style,tooth contact analysis(TCA) is applied to obtain contact pattern and transmission error function.For the difference between TCA transmission error function and design objective curve,the degree of symmetry and agreement are defined and the corresponding sub-objective functions are established.Linear weighted combination method is applied to get an equivalent objective function to evaluate the shape of transmission error function.The computer programs for the process above are developed to analyze the meshing performances of the four pinion tooth surface generation styles for a pair of aviation spiral bevel gears with 38/43 teeth numbers.The four analytical results are compared with each other and show that the incomplete modified roll is optimal for this gear pair.This study is an expansion to generation strategy of spiral bevel gears,and offers new alternatives to computer numerical control(CNC) manufacture of spiral bevel gears.     

Some studies on hypoid face gears

Some of the geometric characteristics of a hypoid face gear in mesh with an involute spur pinion are analysed. These geometric characteristics include (a) the maximum diameter of the hypoid gear to avoid pointing of the teeth, (b) the minimum diameter for avoiding undercutting, (c) the contact ratio, (d) the field of contact and (e) the variation of the pressure angle along the face of the pinion. The variations of the above quantities with different parameters such as number of teeth of the pinion, transmission ratio, amount of offset and the pressure angle of the cutter are given.     

基于斜齿小齿轮的面齿轮的齿面生成研究

文中提出了基于斜齿小齿轮的面齿轮传动的两种几何设计方法,一种是利用传统的螺旋渐开线小齿轮的包络原理,另一种是利用由齿条刀具生成的小齿轮的包络原理;推导了两种情况下面齿轮的齿面方程,并讨论了齿宽的限制条件,实现了面齿轮齿面的可视化.     

The influence of misalignments on mesh performances of hypoid gears

A new method for tooth contact analysis in mismatched hypoid gears is applied for the investigation of the influence of misalignments of the mating members on mesh performances. By using the corresponding computer program, the influence of running offset error, pinion’s axial adjustment error, and angular position errors of the pinion axis on the shape and position of path of contact and of potential contact lines under load, on separations along these contact lines, on angular displacements of the gear member, and on the variation of the angular velocity ratio through a mesh cycle, have been determined. The results obtained have shown that the position errors of the mating members cause edge contact on the tip of the pinion or gear tooth, worsen the conjugation of the contacting tooth surfaces, and considerably increase the angular displacements of the gear member and the angular velocity ratio variation through the whole mesh cycle, that considerably worsens the mesh performances.     

采用碟形砂轮的斜齿面齿轮磨齿技术研究

为了制造出高精度硬齿面斜齿面齿轮和获得抛物线传动误差并改善啮合性能,对采用碟形砂轮加工双向修形的斜齿面齿轮的磨齿方法进行了研究。设计了渐开线失配的碟形砂轮齿面,分析了碟形砂轮磨削斜齿面齿轮的展成原理,根据展成原理和用渐开线失配的碟形砂轮并改变砂轮的运动,推导出双向修形斜齿面齿轮的齿面方程。给出了双向修形斜齿面齿轮的齿面计算和接触分析实例,结果表明:理论齿面的最大齿面误差为5.98×10-4μm,采用碟形砂轮加工双向修形斜齿面齿轮的磨齿方法是可行的,获得了斜齿面齿轮抛物线传动误差,避免了边缘接触并改善了斜齿面齿轮的啮合性能。     

偏置斜齿面齿轮几何设计及齿宽特性分析

针对偏置斜齿面齿轮的齿面几何设计,提出了避免齿面发生根切和尖化的条件,给出了偏置斜齿面齿轮的最小内半径和最大外半径的精确解和近似解表达式,定义了偏置斜齿面齿轮最小内半径、最大外半径及齿宽系数,并通过算例表明偏置距、刀具齿数、传动比是影响齿轮齿面宽度的主要因素。     

修形直齿轮的啮合干涉与啮合间隙

修形直齿轮因误差因素在齿对的啮入和啮出位置会出现啮合干涉或啮合间隙。本文利用齿对的啮合变形与齿廓法向修形量、齿廓误差的关系,推导了啮合齿对在啮合线的啮入和啮出位置所存在的几何干涉或啮合间隙,得到了啮合重合度小于2和3的齿轮副啮合齿对的最大干涉量或间隙量的计算表达式,为分析修形直齿轮的啮合状态和修正齿轮修形参数奠定了基础。     

考虑系统变形的电驱动桥齿轮啮合效率研究

传动效率是电驱动桥重要性能指标之一,实际使用条件下,由于齿轮、轴、轴承以及壳体等部件的负载变形,齿轮副之间存在啮合错位。为了准确预测电驱动桥传动系的啮合效率,提出了一种考虑系统变形的电驱动桥齿轮啮合效率计算方法。首先基于传动系等效啮合模型,计算不同载荷工况下传动系每个齿轮副之间的啮合错位量,采用考虑摩擦的齿轮加载接触分析方法(FLTCA)和混合润滑摩擦系数模型对齿轮副的齿面接触力和齿面摩擦系数分布进行计算,得到系统功率损失及啮合效率。然后,与商用有限元软件计算结果进行对比,验证了计算方法的准确性。最后,针对不同载荷工况和不同转速分析了考虑和不考虑系统变形的系统啮合效率,结果表明：随着转矩的增加,系统变形增大,齿轮副之间的错位量增加,导致齿轮副之间发生偏载,齿面摩擦系数增加,系统啮合效率呈下降趋势。     

A kinematics parametric method to generate new tooth profiles of gear sets with skew axes

The geometric characteristic of tooth profiles of gear sets with skew axes can be studied by using the parametric polar angular (pressure angle) function, the meshing equation, and the constraints of continuity conditions. In this paper, the general mathematical model of skew gear sets, their numerical solution methods and special analytic solutions are presented. These can be used to investigate the inherent characteristics of skew gears and architect special gears such as bevel gears when the small pinion offset above or below the center of the gear is made equal to zero, helical gears or spur gears if the shaft twisting angle is equal to zero. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the application of the mathematical model developed in this paper. The first example is proposed to synthesize new skew gear sets when the special twisting angle for crossed axes and rotation speed ratio are given. The second example is deduced to demonstrate the special case for the spherical crown gears with skew axes.     

Ease-off拓扑修正的准双曲面齿轮齿面修形方法

为了提升驱动桥准双曲面齿轮传动的啮合性能,针对准双曲面齿轮刀倾半展成法(HFT)提出一种Ease-off拓扑修正方法。在建立齿面共轭啮合数学模型的基础上,推导出小轮基准齿面方程,通过计算小轮实际齿面与基准齿面之间的偏差,构建出Ease-off拓扑。借助二阶多项表达式对Ease-off拓扑分解,计算出齿面失配系数,通过调整齿面失配系数构建出修正Ease-off拓扑。通过比较当前Ease-off拓扑与修正Ease-off拓扑,消除小轮当前齿面与修正齿面之间的偏差,反求出小轮加工参数。最后以一对准双曲面齿轮为例进行齿面拓扑修形与磨齿加工,实际齿面印痕与仿真结果一致,验证了齿面拓扑修形方法的有效性。齿面加载接触分析结果表明,修形后齿面接触应力分布得到了改善,实际载荷下齿面接触重合度增加,从而验证了修形方案的合理性。