压缩超载残余应力对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

对对称双V型缺口试件的疲劳试验结果表明,压缩超载后,缺口试件的疲劳裂纹扩展速率增大,其原因是由于压缩超载后在缺口根部产生了反向残余拉应力。对此残余应力分布,本文采用了弹塑性有限元方法进行计算,并运用R′法定量分析了压缩超载残余应力对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。     

高超载比超载对Q345钢的疲劳性能的影响

采用Q345钢制作成紧凑拉伸试样,并在裂纹萌生后进行超载.通过疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究高超载比超载对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,分析其延寿机理.研究发现:较高的超载比使试样引入了残余压应力,使得有效应力强度因子降低至应力强度因子门槛值附近.可以降低疲劳裂纹扩展速率,抑制裂纹扩展,延长试样的疲劳寿命,通过此方法提高了含裂纹结构的使用寿命.     

疲劳裂纹扩展中单峰过载引起的残余应力强度因子计算

采用弹塑性有限元方法,模拟由不同过载比单峰过载引起的有限宽板单边裂纹试件裂纹尖端附近的残余应力分布.选用混合高斯模型(正态高斯模型结合高斯指数衰减模型)对沿裂纹方向的残余应力作回归分析,得到残余应力σres与过载应力强度因子Ko1的关系式.在此基础上,利用权函数法计算残余应力强度因子kres,为建立基于裂尖残余应力的裂纹扩展模型创造条件.     

疲劳裂纹扩展影响因素研究综述

文中通过介绍疲劳裂纹扩展的规律,指出了疲劳裂纹扩展的研究途径。残余应力、超载、温度、加载频率和应力比是影响疲劳裂纹扩展的主要因素。发展相关理论和方法,正确认识影响机理,科学预测疲劳裂纹扩展行为一直是研究者关注的问题。文中介绍了近年来残余应力、超载、温度、加载频率和应力比对材料疲劳裂纹扩展的影响机理方面的研究,论述了其影响效果,得出了常用结论。     

焊接残余应力对高强钢点焊接头裂纹扩展及疲劳性能的影响

点焊接头因高度应力集中,极易于熔核边缘萌生疲劳裂纹,点焊产生的残余应力会影响其扩展。为探究点焊残余应力对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,建立DP600高强钢点焊接头三维裂纹有限元仿真模型。基于热-弹塑性理论求解点焊残余应力场,在此基础上计算有无残余应力时折线裂纹的局部应力强度因子(Stress Intensity Factor, SIF)解,通过分析两种条件下裂纹最深点局部SIF随裂纹深度比变化的曲线,研究点焊残余应力对折线裂纹扩展的影响规律;基于断裂力学理论,采用改进的双参数模型预测有无残余应力时的疲劳寿命。结果表明,点焊残余应力使局部SIF显著提高,且随着裂纹深度比的增加,残余应力对其的影响程度也增加;考虑残余应力后裂纹整体扩展趋势不变但扩展速率显著增加,疲劳寿命由35 616次下降至12 564次。     

疲劳裂纹扩展时焊接残余应力分布的测定

本文采有沿焊缝分段切割，依次释放残余弹性变形的方法，测定了沿焊缝横向残余应力的分布规律。由于切割试样可近似地模拟疲劳裂纹扩展，通过测量释放的应力，计算出残余应力的分布，可分析残余应力对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律。     

AZ31B镁合金激光喷丸强化后疲劳裂纹扩展的数值模拟研究

激光喷丸(LSP)是一种先进的材料表面强化工艺,能有效提高零件的机械性能及其使角寿命.建立了以有限元软件ABAQUS和MSC.Fatigue为平台,面向抗疲劳制造的激光喷丸工艺有限元分析模型.结果表日月激光喷丸可以有效抑制疲劳裂纹扩展,延长疲劳寿命,喷丸次数的增加在一定程度上增大残余应力及疲劳寿命.残余应力抑制疲劳裂纹扩展的原因归结为最终断裂尺寸的增大以及裂纹扩展速度的减小.研究结果为LSP抗疲劳效果的预测提供了有效的方法,对于优化工艺参数,减少试验次数,降低成本具有指导意义.     

表面形变强化层中裂纹的萌生与扩展

研究了缺口根部强化层中疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展。结果表明疫劳性能的提高主要归因于喷丸引起的缺口根部残余压应力,其能提高裂纹的闭合力,延缓短裂纹的扩展速率,而对萌生的作用极微。工作应力低时可出现非扩展裂纹。在残余压应力场中长裂纹的扩展可用Newman改进模型进行计算。在残余压应力峰值位置出现最大闭合力和最小裂纹扩展速率,计算和实测值基本一致。     

焊接残余应力对疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的影响

通过疲劳试验,研究焊接残余应力对疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展性能的影响,以及残余应力的再分配。试验结果表明,垂直于裂纹方向的纵向残余应力促进孔边疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展;残余应力随焊缝金属的应变松弛而降低,它对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响相应减小;残余应力场中疲劳裂纹扩展速率仍可以用Ｐａｒｉｓ ／公式计算。     

考虑残余应力的螺旋锥齿轮接触疲劳裂纹萌生-扩展寿命计算方法研究

考虑渗碳、磨齿、喷丸等工艺产生的齿面残余应力,建立齿面接触应力与残余应力的复合应力场,提出一种螺旋锥齿轮接触疲劳裂纹萌生-扩展寿命计算方法。构建齿轮有限元接触分析模型,计算多轴交变接触应力场。考虑空间螺旋曲面残余应力分布的复杂性,将变曲率齿面离散为网状节点;测量各节点表面与次表面的残余应力,建立齿面残余应力场。基于Dang Van多轴疲劳准则,构建齿面裂纹萌生模型;计及残余应力与裂纹闭合效应,构建齿面裂纹扩展模型。计算复合应力场下齿轮接触疲劳寿命,研究残余应力对齿面裂纹萌生-扩展寿命的影响规律。结果发现：复杂齿面空间变曲率会影响喷丸等工艺产生的残余应力分布,中心区域的残余压应力高出齿面边缘区域约20%;复合应力场下齿面裂纹萌生位置与寿命主要取决于接触应力,残余应力会改变齿面节点平均应力进而影响疲劳寿命;齿面裂纹扩展寿命约占全寿命的10%,表征齿轮接触疲劳快速失效至迅速断裂。上述研究对于高性能齿轮传动的长寿命、高可靠性设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Three-Dimensional Simulation of Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack Growth in UIC60 Rails

In this article, a UIC60 rail with accurate geometry is studied by employing the finite element method. For this purpose, a three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element model is conducted using model. In addition, the stress distribution of wheel-rail operation is acquired, and its effects on fatigue life are specified by damage mechanic methods. In the finite element model, the displacements and stress intensity factors (SIFs) are computed on the crack near the leading edge to calculate crack propagation trajectories and crack growth rate. The modified Paris model is used to estimate fatigue crack growth rates.     

Prediction of fatigue life in cold expanded Al-alloy 2024-T3 plates used in double shear lap joints

To predict fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth lives in cold expanded double shear lap joints a numerical method has been employed. The total estimated fatigue lives were compared with available experimental fatigue test results for plain hole and cold expanded hole specimens of Al 2024-T3 in double shear lap joints. Three-dimensional finite element simulations have been performed in order to obtain the created residual stresses field due to cold expansion and subsequent far field longitudinal loading in the double shear lap joint. The obtained stress and strain distributions from the finite element analyses were employed to predict stress concentration factors to calculate fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth lives using AFGROW computer code. The predicted fatigue lives demonstrate that there is a good agreement between the proposed method and experimental fatigue test results.     

高速列车锻钢制动盘热疲劳裂纹耦合扩展特性研究

据制动盘裂纹剖面的宏观形貌,发现盘面长裂纹的形成以多条半椭圆表面裂纹连通为主。针对制动盘在运行过程中的典型运用工况,采用有限元法计算制动盘在300 km/h紧急制动后的热应力,发现周向残余应力较大,并以此推测周向残余应力是驱动制动盘热疲劳裂纹扩展的主要原因。在此基础上,建立制动盘盘面的裂纹网格,研究了裂纹扩展过程中的应力强度因子和多裂纹耦合扩展规律。通过研究发现对于给定的载荷条件,不同初始形状比时,裂纹前缘应力强度因子的分布规律存在一定的规律性,随着裂纹的扩展,裂纹形状趋于扁平化;多裂纹扩展时,裂纹间距越小,裂纹间的相互作用越明显,扩展速度越快;但受制动盘结构和尺寸限制,共线裂纹数越多,每条裂纹扩展到临界值时的应力强度因子越小。     

TC4板孔冷挤压强化残余应力分布与疲劳寿命

开展了不同挤压量下TC4钛合金板孔冷挤压强化有限元仿真研究,得到了挤压强化后最小截面的切向残余应力分布规律,分析了挤压量对受载试样孔边应力分布的影响,探讨了挤压量、残余应力和疲劳增益三者之间的内在关系。采用开缝衬套冷挤压强化工艺对TC4带孔板件进行冷挤压和疲劳验证试验。研究结果表明,挤压强化后的孔边切向压缩残余应力可以有效降低孔周应力集中程度,优化受拉试样最小截面应力分布,改变裂纹源的位置并延长疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展寿命,有效提高试样疲劳寿命。综合仿真和疲劳试验得到TC4板孔最优挤压量为4%。     

Residual stresses in friction stir welded parts of complex geometry

Residual stresses play a key role on the mechanics underlying the fatigue crack growth propagation of welded joints. Indeed, compressive residual stresses may induce a beneficial enhancement of the fatigue life under loading condition whereas tensile residual stresses may act to increase the stress distribution at crack tip, resulting in a life-threatening condition of the welded structure. In-process distortion and final geometry of welded joints are also affected by residual stresses. In this paper, the longitudinal residual stress distributions in friction stir welding (FSW) joints were investigated for butt and skin–stringer geometries, including lap and T configurations. To measure residual stresses, the cut-compliance and the inverse weight-function methodologies were adapted for skin–stringer FSW geometries via finite element analysis. AA2024-T4 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys were used to weld dissimilar skin–stringer joints whereas butt joints were made of AA2024. The effect of most relevant process parameters as well as the cooling during welding process was also investigated for a better understanding of welding residual stresses. Our findings suggest that FSW of complex skin–stringer geometries produces higher residual stresses than those of butt joints, and that the cooling water flux further reduces residual stresses. Changes of process parameters did not affect markedly residual stress distribution.     

Numerical and experimental studies of the build-up and redistribution of residual stresses obtained from stress-coining

The build-up and redistribution of intentionally introduced residual strains and stresses after the coining of holes in AA6082-T6 aluminium plates has been studied numerically in a nonlinear finite element analysis. Verifying experiments have been performed. Strain gauges have been used to monitor the strains at the bore of the hole during the coining process and a part of the subsequent simulated service load. The positive effect of compressive coining residual stresses on the propagation of a through-the-thickness crack emanating from the hole is quantified by integrating Paris' law for fatigue crack growth where the entering stress intensity factors are evaluated by use of the weight function technique. The finite element method is shown to be useful for the simulation of the coining process, for the stress redistribution during subsequent service loading and for the search of combinations of coining parameters that will provide a beneficial coining process.     

2A12厚板铝合金淬火过程有限元建模研究

淬火残余应力可能造成工件淬后裂纹、削弱其疲劳强度以及造成其体积和形状的变化.在需要进行淬火处理的厚板结构铝合金零件中,这一情况尤为显著.因此,对厚板铝合金淬火过程进行有限元模拟,预测其淬后残余应力大小及分布,具有十分重要的意义.本文运用ABAQUS/Standard软件建立了2A12厚板铝合金的淬火过程有限元模型,并用反传热算法确定了以聚乙撑二醇(PAG)溶液作为淬火介质时的换热边界条件.为了验证模拟结果的可靠性,应用X射线法对厚板淬火残余应力进行了测量.模拟结果与实测数据具有较好的一致性,表明本文建立的有限元模型具有较高的精度.     

16MnR钢在不同应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展的试验研究及模拟

采用3.8 mm厚带有圆形缺口的CT试样,研究了16MnR钢在不同应力比的恒幅循环载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展。开发了一种基于疲劳损伤的方法来模拟疲劳裂纹扩展速率。将16MnR钢的循环塑性本构模型通过用户材料子程序UMAT嵌入到ABAQUS中。把有限元计算得到的疲劳裂纹尖端附近区域的弹塑性循环应力应变结果,代入到疲劳损伤模型中,得到每个加载循环在裂尖各点产生的疲劳损伤值。通过疲劳损伤准则,导出疲劳裂纹稳定扩展速率的计算公式。疲劳裂纹扩展试验验证了模拟结果。实验结果和模拟结果都表明,该试样厚度下,应力比对裂纹扩展速率几乎没有影响。     

残余应力对对焊接头疲劳性能的影响

利用线弹性断裂力学（ＬＥＦＭ）理论、迭加原理和有限元分析方法,就残余应力对对焊接头的疲劳性能的影响进行了理论分析。采用有限板中边界裂纹及中心穿透裂纹的Ｂｕｅｃｋｎｅｒ及Ｋａｎａｚａｗａ权函数,计算对应对焊接头中的各种残余应力分布的残余应力强度因子。建立了考虑不同残余应力水平影响的表面裂纹疲劳模型,估算对焊接头疲劳寿命及疲劳强度,并与试验数据进行比较验证。