高温快速成形工艺对制品复原性影响试验研究

以自主开发的车用蓝牙高光模具和温控辅助装备为基础，利用高温快速成形工艺对制品型腔复原性的影响进行试验研究。结果表明：高温快速成形与普通成形主要区别在于当模温升高至塑料热变形温度附近时，制品复制率明显提高，在低于或超出塑料热变形温度区域，模温变化影响甚微，而其他参数的影响与普通成形类似；各参数对浇道凝料的影响与普通成形区别不大，且浇道凝料对模温的变化并不敏感，故可通过提高模温在不增加废料的前提下提高制品复制率。     

电热式变模温注塑模具热响应辅助分析程序开发

针对快速变模温注塑成型模具热响应分析复杂问题,对电热式变模温注塑模具热响应作了研究,采用随形加热系统设计方法,将复杂的电热式变模温注塑模具简化为单个加热细胞单元,以电热元件的规格和布局为设计变量,以加热时间和型腔表面温差为热响应指标,结合Matlab图形界面开发模块和ANSYS有限元分析软件,开发了基于加热细胞单元的电热式变模温注塑模具热响应辅助分析程序,并对其准确性做了验证分析。研究结果表明,该辅助分析程序可以较好地预测模具的加热效率和型腔表面温度均匀性,可为电热式变模温注塑模具的设计、分析一体化提供一条快捷和高效的途径。     

微齿轮真空铸型的实验研究

利用自行设计制作的微齿轮硅胶模具,探讨了微齿轮真空铸型的可行性。采用正交实验方法进行实验,研究了微齿轮真空铸型过程中模具温度、树脂温度、真空脱泡时间和固化温度对微齿轮外形尺寸的影响作用。研究结果表明,利用硅胶模进行微齿轮真空铸型可批量获得精度较高的成形件,真空脱泡时间对微齿轮成形件的外形尺寸影响最大。     

微结构与微型零件的微注射成形

设计并制作了微注射成形模具，采用光刻、离子蚀刻工艺相结合在硅片上制得了微零件型腔、流道及浇口。利用该模具在微型注射机上进行了聚丙烯微注射成形实验，注射成形了微结构零件及独立的微型零件，其中最小微结构部分是直径50μm的微圆柱，最小独立的微型零件是直径300μm、厚300μm的微圆片。分析了模具温度、注射压力及保压时间对微注射成形的影响，其中模具温度影响最大，注射压力、保压时间的影响次之。     

新技术·新产品

冷作模具型腔的超塑成形技术洛阳工学院完成了对冷作模具钢及其超塑成形的研究,并将模具型腔的超塑挤压成形与渗硼结合起来,掌握了其工艺流程,还在两个具体模具生产上获得了较好的结果。一是轴承保持架的整形模。轴承保持架在成形过程中需整形,其整形模加工精度要     

5CrMnMo热锻模热处理工艺方法研究

热锻模在高温下通过冲击加压、强制金属成形。模具在工作过程中经受巨大的负荷,同时经受压应力、拉应力和附加弯曲应力,被锻金属在模具型腔内流动并产生强烈的摩擦力,型腔表面金属与高温金属接触,被加热至300～400℃,局部高达500～600℃。此外由于经常受到反复的加热和冷却,极易产生热疲劳裂纹。为提高模具使用寿命,     

AZ31镁合金手机外壳冲压模具的设计与成形工艺

设计了手机外壳冲压模具,研究了镁合金薄板温度、模具温度、拉深速度以及润滑条件对AZ31镁合金手机外壳成形质量的影响。结果表明:镁合金薄板在加热到350～400℃,且凹模的温度不低于薄板温度,较低的凸模温度(50～90℃),较低拉深速度(6mm·s-1)及仅对薄板与凹模和压边圈接触部位润滑的条件下,可以制备出尺寸精度较高的镁合金手机外壳。     

基于修正Archard磨损理论的挤压模具磨损分析

基于修正的Archard磨损理论,应用有限元数值模拟软件计算模具挤压成形阶段每个节点的瞬时温度、压力和速度场,以此计算锥形和弧形两种挤压模具型腔的磨损。计算结果表明:挤压模具磨损集中在入口,弧形凹模磨损较锥形凹模磨损大,但弧形凹模磨损均匀,模具寿命较高。磨损计算结果与实际情况较吻合,为预测模具寿命和优化模具型腔奠定了基础。     

[成形过程仿真优化与集成计算材料工程]限定加热管布局的快速热循环注塑成形模具电加热系统优化

针对管道布局、最大允许能耗给定条件下快速热循环注塑成形（RHCM）注塑模具型腔表面快速均匀加热的问题，提出以单根加热棒热流密度为设计变量，以模具型腔表面升温效率和温度分布均匀性为目标，结合有限元模拟、响应面设计以及多目标粒子群优化技术来优化RHCM模具电加热系统。与优化前相比，加热系统优化后，模具型腔表面最大温差降低63.4%，加热系统总能耗降低9%。对比了不同注塑成形工艺条件下成形的平板塑件表面质量，结果表明，相对传统注塑成形（CIM）工艺，RHCM工艺将制品表面粗糙度Ra从320 nm降低到118 nm，并有效抑制了制品表面熔接痕、缩痕等缺陷；发现制品表面粗糙度与型腔表面对应点温度成负相关，说明优化后的型腔表面温度分布更有利于提升制品表面质量。     

高相对密度钨球注射成形过程中的喷射现象

针对金属粉末注射成形过程中喷射所引起的气穴、不良流动等缺陷,对高相对密度钨球合金制品进行了注射成形试验,发现钨球注射成形初期存在喷射现象,喂料一进入型腔即发生剧烈扭曲变形。通过多种成形工艺参数的组合,并且根据非牛顿流体的剪切变稀特性,采用高速高压成形工艺使得注射过程在瞬间完成,从而消除喷射对金属粉末制品的影响。同时,采用Moldflow MPI软件对其成形过程进行仿真,结果表明基于欧拉法的传统模流仿真软件无法模拟喷射现象,从而提出采用拉格朗日法对喷射成形过程进行建模和仿真的构想。将上述喷射现象的研究结果与高相对密度钨球的实际生产现状相结合,提出在定模板的模具分形面一侧开排气道增强其排气能力,和采用高速高压注射成形工艺解决喷射所造成的质量问题。     

Effects of machined cavity texture on ejection force in micro injection molding

The friction force developed in the demolding phase of the micro injection molding process is mainly determined by mold surface finish, which affects the tribological phenomena occurring at the polymer–tool interface. In this work, the effects on the ejection force of two cavity surfaces machined with different technologies (viz. micro milling and micro electro discharge machining), but with similar value of Ra, were investigated. The relations between different surface topography parameters and the ejection force were then analyzed, in order to identify the parameters that most appropriately describe the friction at the polymer–tool interface. The experimental results showed the strong interactions between the mold surface texture and the micro injection molding process parameters that promote the replication, such as mold temperature and holding pressure. The different machining technologies generated two mold textures that have a similar value of Ra, but their influence on friction can be properly described only using several other surface topography parameters.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation for plastic injection-compression molding

Compared with conventional injection molding, injection-compression molding can mold optical parts with higher precision and lower flow residual stress. However, the melt flow process in a closed cavity becomes more complex because of the moving cavity boundary during compression and the nonlinear problems caused by non-Newtonian polymer melt. In this study, a 3D simulation method was developed for injection-compression molding. In this method, arbitrary Lagrangian- Eulerian was introduced to model the moving-boundary flow problem in the compression stage. The non-Newtonian characteristics and compressibility of the polymer melt were considered. The melt flow and pressure distribution in the cavity were investigated by using the proposed simulation method and compared with those of injection molding. Results reveal that the fountain flow effect becomes significant when the cavity thickness increases during compression. The back flow also plays an important role in the flow pattern and redistribution of cavity pressure. The discrepancy in pressures at different points along the flow path is complicated rather than monotonically decreased in injection molding.     

Integrated simulation of the injection molding process with stereolithography molds

Functional parts are needed for design verification testing, field trials, customer evaluation, and production planning. By eliminating multiple steps, the creation of the injection mold directly by a rapid prototyping (RP) process holds the best promise of reducing the time and cost needed to mold low-volume quantities of parts. The potential of this integration of injection molding with RP has been demonstrated many times. What is missing is the fundamental understanding of how the modifications to the mold material and RP manufacturing process impact both the mold design and the injection molding process. In addition, numerical simulation techniques have now become helpful tools of mold designers and process engineers for traditional injection molding. But all current simulation packages for conventional injection molding are no longer applicable to this new type of injection molds, mainly because the property of the mold material changes greatly. In this paper, an integrated approach to accomplish a numerical simulation of injection molding into rapid-prototyped molds is established and a corresponding simulation system is developed. Comparisons with experimental results are employed for verification, which show that the present scheme is well suited to handle RP fabricated stereolithography (SL) molds.     

Mold surface roughness effects on cavity filling of polymer melt in micro injection molding

Micro injection molding presents many challenges in the injection-molding community. When the dimensions of the part (and thus the cavity of the mold) are small, micro-scale factors such as mold surface roughness may play an important role in the filling of polymer melt. This paper investigates the effects of mold surface roughness on cavity filling of polymer melt in micro injection molding. A disk insert, which has two halves with different surface roughness but with the same roughness mean lines, was used in the investigations. The ratio of flow area of the rougher half with the total flow area of the molded part is used to evaluate the significance of surface roughness effect. The experimental results revealed that mold surface roughness does resist the cavity filling of polymer melt in micro injection molding. For the limited range of injection rate investigated, it is not significant on the surface roughness effects. The increase of mold temperature will decrease surface roughness effects. The change of melt temperature within the range allowed by the process is insignificant for surface roughness effects.     

注射成型过程熔体前沿充填不平衡现象的试验研究

注射成型的充填平衡性问题是影响塑料制品成型精度的主要因素之一.注射成型过程中,塑料熔体充填型腔时流动前沿会产生左右偏移的现象,从而导致充填的不平衡.为研究这种充填不平衡现象的机理,设计出一套装有红外线纤维传感器的移动式温度测量系统,采用该系统及可视化手段对一模两腔注塑成型过程熔体流动前沿在型腔内的偏移现象进行观察和分析.试验结果表明,不同注射速率下流动前沿的偏移现象及偏移程度也不同,流动前沿的偏移与熔体在流道内的流动行为以及温度场的变化有关.根据试验结果及剪切热理论所建立的流道内熔体流动行为模型可以较好地描述熔体前沿充填不平衡现象的生成机理.流道内熔体流动的示踪试验表明该模型与实际情况相吻合.     

基于Moldflow对突变壁厚塑件的注塑成型优化方案的研究

利用Mold flow/MPI技术对摩托车外壳进行CAE注塑模拟分析,预测了成型过程中的填充流动情况,并对型腔的填充时间、压力分布、锁模力大小等进行计算分析,掌握了翘曲变形产生的原因。根据注塑模拟分析结果优化了浇口、冷却系统设计方案和成型工艺参数,使模具设计更趋合理。优化后的成型方案用于实际生产,缩短了试模周期。     

注射成型工艺参数对微结构零件复制度的影响

为改善微结构零件的复制度,以具有广泛应用前景的精细微结构零件——微透镜阵列为案例,将制品成型重量作为制品复制度的量化衡量指标,运用单因素实验方法实验研究了注射成型工艺参数（熔体温度、模具温度、注射时间、保压压力、保压时间）对微结构零件制品重量的影响规律。实验结果表明,增加熔体温度和模具温度能使保压压力更有效地通过浇注系统传递到微型腔,增加制品重量;成型重量大的制品,微结构的填充要好于重量轻的制品,微结构零件复制度与成型重量存在对应关系。制品重量可初步评价微结构零件的复制度,研究各工艺参数对制品重量的影响规律对提高微结构零件的复制度有重要意义。     

微注塑散热器流动诱导热导率变化的多尺度数值预测

为进一步提高聚合物复合材料热导率,采用多尺度数值预测法研究了微注塑聚酰胺/碳纤维(PA66/CFs)散热器内部CF的流动诱导取向及其对制品热导率的影响规律。首先,利用Moldflow获取CF取向张量,并以Comsol Multiphysics构建与之对应的复合材料微元胞。利用正交实验法研究熔体温度、模具温度、最大注射压力及注射流率对微散热器热导率的影响。然后,对预测数据进行分析获得最优注塑参数组合。最后,对优化结果进行模拟实验,验证了多尺度数值预测法的有效性。结果显示:上述各参数重要程度由大到小依次排列为熔体温度、注射流率、最大注射压力和模具温度;最佳组合为熔体温度360℃、模具温度70℃、最大注射压力220 MPa及注射流率3×10–4 cm3/s。另外,流动诱导热导率变化最大值达0.36 W/(m·K),为基体热导率的1.5倍。得到的研究结果为从工艺调控的新角度来改善聚合物复合材料的导热性能提供了理论依据与数据支撑。     

模板法注射成型纳米结构及其疏水特性

以不同形貌和深宽比的阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板为模芯,采用注射成型方法制备了纳米结构,分析了纳注射成型的模具温度、制件的疏水特性和模芯的使用寿命。首先,通过对比3种AAO模板的结构特征和深宽比,研究了不同模具温度下纳米结构的复制质量。然后,针对纳米阵列结构的疏水特性,分析几何结构特征与模具温度对制件静态接触角的影响,探索PC制件不同成型区域内的疏水性能。最后,对AAO模板的宏/微观质量和使用寿命进行了分析。研究结果表明:模具温度对纳米结构复制质量影响显著,且主要体现在纳米结构的成型高度上;纳注射成型制件不同区域内的疏水特性略有差异,最大静态接触角可达108.2°,比平板制件提高了31.5%;500余次的注射成型后,低深宽比的AAO模板整体质量良好,而高深宽比的模板缺陷明显,使用寿命有限。