热分析联用技术的新发展

本文介绍同时联用技术（如动态热机械仪与介电分析仪，差示扫描量热仪与光量热计联用），串联联用技术（如热分析与气相色谱、质谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱联用）及其应用。     

邻氯苯亚甲基丙二腈的热分解性能研究

邻氯苯亚甲基丙二腈（CS）作为催泪剂在各国反恐防暴装备中得到了广泛应用。实际使用时,燃烧和爆炸驱动分散CS形成气溶胶的同时会导致其分解。为提高CS的利用效率,有必要研究其热稳定性和热分解性能。本工作应用热重分析与差示扫描量热法（TGA/DSC）研究CS在不同升温速率时产生的热失重和热效应现象,并与傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）联用对逸出气体进行分析;用热裂解与气相色谱-质谱（PY-GC/MS）技术研究CS在350~650 ℃的热分解性能。实验发现：CS在96 ℃附近熔融;310 ℃附近沸腾;450~550 ℃之间发生首次热分解,热分解产物与温度有着密切关系,550 ℃的分解产物有4 种;650 ℃的热分解程度加深,分解产物多达 10 种。因此,建议CS与烟火剂混合使用时,烟火剂的燃烧温度以不超过450 ℃为宜。     

热重-质谱法研究蓝色签字笔墨水的人为老化

采用热重-质谱联用（TDG-MS）技术研究纸张上蓝色签字笔墨水在人为老化过程中组分的变化情况。热重 质谱联用仪跟踪分析了签字笔墨水中易挥发物质离子流的成分以及它们随时间的变化。研究了纸张上多种常用蓝色签字笔的墨迹在程序升温加热条件下的人为老化,探讨总结了纸张载体上签字笔墨水在加热人为老化过程中的一些变化规律。该规律将为各种签字笔字迹相对书写时间检验鉴定方面的进一步研究提供科学依据。     

热重分析仪在研究纳米铁粉熔融特性中的应用

利用比表面积测试仪（BET ）和电子扫描电镜（SEM ）对纳米铁粉表面特性进行测定,利用热重分析仪（TGA）对50nm、100nm、500nm和20000nm铁粉在10℃· min-1、20℃· min-1、30℃· min-1和40℃· min-1升温速率下进行了热分析实验,得到纳米铁粉的表面微观结构、差示扫描量热曲线（DSC ）和热重曲线（T G ）,结果发现：粒径为50nm和100nm的铁粉在较低的温度下可能发生了相变,相变温度区间为260～350℃,而粒径为500nm和20000nm的铁粉在燃烧过程中则没有发生熔融,纳米金属粒径越小,越容易熔化。     

加压热重分析仪

加压热重分析仪王双群熊源泉孙晨亮（东南大学热能所２１００９６）东南大学热能所长期从事煤的清洁燃烧和发电技术研究,了解加压工况下煤热解过程对研究煤的加压燃烧和气化特性有十分重要的作用,国内外暂无相应分仪器产品,为此,我们自行研制了加压热重分析仪。１加压...     

差热—热重分析研究一水硫酸锂非等温动力学参数

用差热（DTA）－热重（TGA）分析技术研究了一水硫酸锂脱水及固－固相变的非等温动力学，由不同升温速率下，差热－热重曲线计算了一水硫酸锂脱水及固－固相变过程的表观活化能和反应级数，并对几种热分析处理动力学数据的结果进行了比较，表明几种方法结果一致。     

热重分析中逸出气体的傅里叶变换红外光谱测量

随着傅里叶变换红外光谱技术的迅速发展,一些新的联用技术不断涌现并日趋成熟。本文旨在介绍热重分析-傅里叶变换红外光谱(TGA-FTIR)的联机方法、数据处理及结果表示,并以几个实例说明其应用。     

STA-FT-IR-GC/MS联用技术在烟草热解过程研究中的应用

将同步热分析、傅立叶红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱组成联用检测系统,对样品在氮气和氮氧混合气氛中的热解产物经傅立叶红外光谱,并对不同温度点的主要热解产物GC-MS进行同步分析。该方法能够对样品进行在线分析和热解产物的分析研究,联用技术减少样品前处理过程中的浓缩和转移,减少了分析结果的人为因素,使分析结果的准确性、精密度大大提高。     

热分析-红外-质谱联用系统用于石墨烯材料成分分析

热分析-红外-质谱联用系统结合了同步热分析仪与傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和质谱仪的优点,该联用系统不需对样品进行前处理而直接进行样品分析。该联用系统能实时、直观的了解样品在整个升温程序中的热重、热效应和红外数据变化,监测不同时刻、不同温度下样品所释放物质的种类与含量,适用于对复杂及混合样品化学组成及热分解过程进行详细分析。本实验将热分析-红外-质谱联用系统用于石墨烯材料的组成与热分解行为分析。     

热分析及其联用技术在纳米碳材料性能评价中的应用

热分析技术是在程序控温和一定气氛下，测量物质的某种物理性质与温度或时间变化等关系的一种方法技术手段，能够准确、快速的测量物质的变化，在纳米碳材料表征中有重要的应用。本文将简要阐述热分析及其联用技术在纳米碳材料表征方面的应用进展和研究成果，结果表明它们为纳米碳材料的耐氧化性、热稳定性、表面氧化度、不同形态碳含量、热分解机理等分析的探索提出了切实可行的研究途径，同时结合笔者在这方面的一些工作对热分析技术的具体应用进行了详述，最后对热分析及其联用技术在纳米碳材料表征中的应用做了重要的前景展望。     

Characteristics of self-excited combustion oscillation and combustion control by forced pulsating mixture supply

Characteristics of self-excited combustion oscillation are experimentally studied using confined premixed flames stabilized by a rearward-facing step. A new idea to suppress combustion oscillation was applied to the flames. The characteristics of unsteady combustion were examined, which is driven by forced pulsating mixture supply that can modulate its amplitude and frequency. The self-excited combustion oscillation having weaker flow velocity fluctuation intensity than that of the forced pulsating supply can be suppressed by the method. The effects of the forced pulsation amplitude and frequency on controlling self-excited combustion oscillations were also investigated comparing with the steady mixture supply. The unsteady combustion used in this experiment plays an important role in controlling self-excited combustion oscillations, and it also exhibits desirable performances, from a practical point of view, such as high combustion load and reduced pollutant emissions of nitric oxide.     

Combustion instability mechanism of a lean premixed gas turbine combustor

Lean premixed combustion has been considered as one of the promising solutions for the reduction of NOx emissions from gas turbines. However, unstable combustion of lean premixed flow becomes a real challenge on the way to design a reliable, highly efficient dry low NOx gas turbine combustor. Contrary to a conventional diffusion type combustion system, characteristics of premixed combustion significantly depend on a premixing degree of combusting flow. Combustion behavior in terms of stability has been studied in a model gas turbine combustor burning natural gas and air. Incompleteness of premixing is identified as significant perturbation source for inducing unstable combustion. Application of a simple convection time lag theory can only predict instability modes but cannot determine whether instability occurs or not. Low frequency perturbations are observed at the onset of instability and believed to initiate the coupling between heat release rate and pressure fluctuations.     

Investigation of self-excited combustion instabilities in two different combustion systems

The objective of this paper is to characterize dynamic pressure traces measured at self-excited combustion instabilities occurring in two combustion systems of different hardware. One system is a model lean premixed gas turbine combustor and the other a fullscale bipropellant liquid rocket thrust chamber. It is commonly observed in both systems that low frequency waves at around 300Hz are first excited at the onset of combustion instabilities and after a short duration, the instability mode becomes coupled to the resonant acoustic modes of the combustion chamber, the first longitudinal mode for the lean premixed combustor and the first tangential mode for the rocket thrust chamber. Low frequency waves seem to get excited at first since flame shows the higher heat release response on the lower frequency perturbations with the smaller phase differences between heat release and pressure fluctuations. Nonlinear time series analysis of pressure traces reveals that even stable combustion might have chaotic behavior with the positive maximum Lyapunov exponent. Also, pressure fluctuations under combustion instabilities reach a limit cycle or quasi-periodic oscillations at the very similar run conditions, which manifest that a self-excited high frequency instability has strong nonlinear characteristics.     

光纤燃烧传感器研制中的关键技术

总结了光纤燃烧传感器(FOCS)研制过程中的关键技术，包括传感器探头、光纤及滤光片、光探测器、数据采集及信号处理系统的设计和制作中的问题，并对其相应的解决方法进行了探讨。     

汽油机缸内直喷技术的研究与发展

围绕汽油机的节能和排放问题,本文主要从结构和进气组织等方面,概述了被称为第三种燃烧方式的汽油缸内直喷(GDI)的发展和研究。     

基于图像分类的工业燃油炉燃烧状况的诊断方法研究

本文在分析了影响工业燃油炉燃烧效率因素的基础上 ,提出了一种基于火焰彩色图像像素分类的表征燃烧状况的指标评价函数。结论表明 ,该方法不但能够得到与目视判别一致的结果 ,而且可方便地应用于燃烧的自动控制     

氧化锆分析仪在燃烧控制中的应用

介绍影响燃烧效率的因素及如何实现优化燃烧,氧化锆分析仪的工作原理及在电力、钢铁、石化等关键场合的典型应用。     

瞬态工况壁面温度对燃烧噪声的影响

研究了直喷式柴油机瞬态工况壁面温度对燃烧噪声的影响机理。开展内燃机瞬态工况测试技术和测试方法研究,通过对瞬态与稳态过程的壁面温度差异的研究分析,从气体动力载荷和高频压力振荡两方面分析研究瞬态噪声与稳态噪声产生差异的机理。瞬态工况壁面温度高于同负荷同转速的稳态工况。壁面温度的差异导致两种工况下滞燃期的改变,影响燃烧压力和缸内压力升高率以及压力高频振荡的频率和幅值。结果表明,瞬态与稳态工况壁面温度的差异影响到动力载荷与压力高频振荡,是两种工况下燃烧噪声产生差异的主要二级影响因素之一。     

TiC—TiB2复合陶瓷制备与性能

相比于TiC、TiB2单相陶瓷,TiC—TiB2复合陶瓷因具有高硬度、高断裂韧性及优异的耐磨性,目前已成为工程陶瓷的研究热点。本文基于对目前国内外TiC—TiB2复合陶瓷制备方法与力学性能的介绍,分析了反应物成分,反应物颗粒尺寸,压坯密度等因素对力学性能的影响,并且结合超重力下燃烧合成技术制备大尺寸、高致密、高硬度TiC—TiB2近共晶成分复合陶瓷研究结果,指出燃烧合成及其衍生技术现已成为制备TiC—TiB2复合陶瓷的研究热点,并且为获得高致密的细晶材料,TiC—TiB2复合陶夺发展趋势在于共晶系复合陶瓷。     

On the method for hot-fire modeling of high-frequency combustion instability in liquid rocket engines

This study presents the methodological aspects of combustion instability modeling and pro-vides the numerical results of the model (sub-scale) combustion chamber, regarding geometrical dimensions and operating conditions, which are for determining the combustion stability boundaries using the model chamber. An approach to determine the stability limits and acoustic characteristics of injectors is described intensively. Procedures for extrapolation of the model operating parameters to the actual conditions are presented, which allow the hot-fire test data to be presented by parameters of the combustion chamber pressure and mixture (oxidizer/fuel) ratio, which are customary for designers. Tests with the model chamber, based on the suggested scaling method, are far more cost-effective than with the actual (full-scale) chamber and useful for injector screening at the initial stage of the combustor development in a viewpoint of combustion instabilities.