Adaptive Noise Detection and Removal Algorithm Using Local Statistics for Salt-and-Pepper Noise

In this paper,an adaptive noise detection and removal algorithm using local statistics for salt-and-pepper noise are proposed.In order to determine constraints for noise detection,the local mean,variance,and maximum value are used.In addition,a weighted median filter is employed to remove the detected noise.The simulation results show the capability of the propsed algorithm removcs the noise effectively.     

Adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in wavelet domain for scanning electron microscope images

Image processing is introduced to remove or reduce the noise and unwanted signal that deteriorate the quality of an image. Here, a single level two‐dimensional wavelet transform is applied to the image in order to obtain the wavelet transform sub‐band signal of an image. An estimation technique to predict the noise variance in an image is proposed, which is then fed into a Wiener filter to filter away the noise from the sub‐band of the image. The proposed filter is called adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in the wavelet domain. The performance of this filter is compared with four existing filters: median filter, Gaussian smoothing filter, two level wavelet transform with Wiener filter and adaptive noise Wiener filter. Based on the results, the adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in wavelet domain has better performance than the other four methods.     

Adaptive Gaussian Noise Image Removal Algorithm Using Filtering-Based Noise Estimation

This paper proposes a spatially denoising algorithm using filtering-based noise estimation for an image corrupted by Gaussian noise.The proposed algorithm consists of two stages:estimation and elimination of noise density.To adaptively deal with variety of the noise amount,a noisy input image is firstly filtered by a lowpass filter.Standard deviation of the noise is computed from different images between the noisy input and its filtered image.In addition,a modified Gaussian noise removal filter based on the local statistics such as local weighted mean,local weighted activity and local maximum is used to control the degree of noise suppression.Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种有效的去除图像混合噪声的滤波算法

依据噪声特点以及图像的像素关联性,提出了一种有效的数字图像混合噪声滤波算法。该算法首先对图像像素进行检测,依据受脉冲噪声污染的图像像素与其周围邻域多数像素在亮度上具有显著差异的特点准确检测出脉冲噪声,然后以检测到的脉冲噪声为被处理像素,用其邻域内未被脉冲噪声污染的图像像素对其进行中值滤波,由于当前脉冲噪声点以及邻域脉冲噪声点均未参与滤波运算,从而较好地保护了图像的细节。对图像中的高斯噪声,提出了一种改进的加权均值滤波算法,该算法在定义相关度函数时,既考虑了像素的灰度相关性,又考虑了像素的位置相关性。实验结果表明:提出的混合噪声滤波算法不仅可以有效滤除图像中的混合噪声,而且还可以较好地保护图像的细节。     

强噪声下自适应Canny算子边缘检测

针对传统Canny算子不能有效滤除图像在解码处理和传输过程产生的椒盐噪声、无法保留边缘细节的问题,提出强噪声下Canny算子图像边缘检测算法.依据椒盐噪声的极值性、灰度差值性,将像元点划分为噪声点、疑似噪声点;根据分类之后的像元点自适应地改变滤波器窗口的大小和权值,在降低噪声影响的同时能较好地保留图像细节.引入8个方向...     

小波神经网络在CCD图像噪声处理中的应用

目的：CCD相机响应功能的非线性,导致了CCD噪声模型的复杂性,使得滤波效果不佳,本文提出一种针对于数字图像中CCD噪声的小波神经网络滤波器。方法：首先,分析CCD噪声模型,找出导致CCD噪声模型复杂的原因——CCD相机响应功能（camera response function简称CRF）的非线性;接着,在对ANS滤波器分析的基础上,针对影响滤波效果的两大问题：滤波窗口和图像强度,将小波神经网络非线性逼近CCD噪声曲线,按照噪声参数对图像进行区域划分并分配相应的权值,然后结合相应的非线性滤波器进行针对性滤波,最后综合输出。结果：实验结果表明：本文改进的滤波器滤波效果明显,信噪比得到进一步提高（24.65）。结论：利用神经网络良好的非线性函数逼近性,将其结合ANS滤波器构造出神经网络非线性ANS滤波器（NN-NANS filter）,试验结果表明,该滤波器在去除噪声的同时边缘细节也得到了很好的保留,同时提高了信噪比。     

Image noise reduction using Wiener filtering with pseudo-inverse

We present a preliminary design and experimental results of a Gaussian noise reduction method for ultrasound images. Our method utilizes a Wiener filtering algorithm with pseudo-inverse technique. The method is capable of solving the Gaussian noise problem in ultrasound image by setup a constant dB of noise function. The key idea of the Wiener filtering algorithm is to process the given ultrasound signal by making the filtering less sensitive to slight changes in input conditions. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of employing this approach for pre-processing ultrasound image application. The application of the proposed method for reducing Gaussian noise is demonstrated by four examples. Meanwhile, we also made the comparisons with median filter, mean filter and adaptive filter; the results reveal that the proposed method has the best noise filtering capability than other three methods. The results also show that the proposed method produces recovery images with quiet high peak-signal-to-noise ratio.     

基于NACKF的分布式驱动电动汽车轮胎侧向力与质心侧偏角估计

针对传统容积卡尔曼滤波算法在进行车辆关键状态估计时要求噪声统计特性已知的问题,提出一种噪声自适应容积卡尔曼滤波（Noise adaptive cubature Kalman filter, NACKF）算法来进行车辆关键状态的估计。基于次优无偏极大后验估计器对量测噪声协方差进行实时更新并将其嵌入到标准容积卡尔曼算法中实现自适应容积卡尔曼滤波。针对车辆不同子系统间耦合特性对滤波精度的影响,构建双重自适应容积卡尔曼滤波器分别进行侧向力与质心侧偏角的估计,两者在估计过程中互为输入构成闭环反馈,利用分布式模块化结构弱化系统耦合特性对估计精度的影响,实现轮胎侧向力与质心侧偏角的实时准确估计。利用Simulink-Carsim联合仿真平台进行仿真验证和实车试验验证。结果表明,基于双重自适应容积卡尔曼滤波的估计算法相对标准容积卡尔曼滤波估计精度更高,较好地改善了传统容积卡尔曼滤波器在噪声先验统计特性未知条件下非线性滤波精度下降的问题。     

一种遗传-模糊神经网络图像滤波器

提出了一种新的模糊神经网络与遗传算法相结合的非线性图像滤波器 ,通过有效的编码方案 ,遗传算法可以在很短的进化代数内完成对网络参数的学习。包含于网络中的模糊推理有效地恢复了受污染的像素点 ,同时并不降低原始图像的品质。仿真实验表明 ,该滤波器对冲击噪声有很好的滤除效果 ,明显地优于传统的图像滤波器     

基于Sage窗的自适应Kalman滤波用于钟差预报研究

钟差预报是时间保持工作中的一项关键技术。Kalman算法作为一种最优预报算法,具有实时性的特点,在时间保持工作中得到了广泛的应用。但是由于经典Kalman算法需要准确确定模型随机误差和测量误差,否则状态估计会引入一定的误差,在原子时算法中表现为原子钟噪声和钟差测量噪声。原子钟的噪声参数值通常是通过Allan方差估计,若估计不够准确,Kalman预报将会出现误差。通过研究基于Sage窗的自适应Kalman预报算法,实时修正状态模型误差。利用自适应因子调整状态预测协方差阵有效降低了模型误差,提高了预报精度,最后通过两台氢原子钟和两台铯原子钟的实测数据验证了算法的有效性。     

SF6断路器气体泄漏红外图像中散斑噪声的抑制算法

SF6断路器是电力系统中常见的电气设备,针对SF6断路器气体泄漏红外图像中广泛存在的激光散斑噪声,提出一种抑制散斑噪声的新算法.将同态均值滤波与小波变换结合,并应用贝叶斯软阈值,对红外图像进行去噪处理.研究中,将该算法与同态均值滤波、同态均值滤波与传统周定小波阈值结合滤波等算法作了比较,结果表明,在图像标准偏差、信噪比和散斑指数等常用性能指标上所提算法优于其他算法.     

基于导向滤波Retinex和自适应Canny的图像边缘检测

机器视觉识别常用金属制品边缘时,表面亮度不均易导致边缘误识别,且传统的边缘检测算法去噪的同时也抑制了大量边缘信息,降低了边缘检测质量。本文提出一种基于导向滤波Retinex和自适应Canny的图像边缘检测算法。该算法采用基于导向滤波的Retinex法得到金属制品图像的反射分量,通过加权分布的自适应伽马校正提升反射分量图像对比度;然后,采用自适应各向异性扩散滤波对增强后图像进行去噪处理,抑制增强后图像的噪声及低对比度纹理,再采用改进四方向Sobel梯度模板提取图像边缘;最后沿用传统Canny算法的非极大值抑制及双阈值分割进一步细化边缘。实验结果表明,新算法检测典型金属小零件时,图像锐度指标由原图的47.11提升至68.39,金属表面的亮度标准差从原图的44.76下降至20.16;噪声指标从原图的1.1下降到0.15左右,并且在去噪的同时较好地保留了图像边缘锐度。新方法有效改善了金属表面图像因亮度不均导致的边缘误识别问题,并且提取的边缘连接性较好。     

MRT letter: Quantum noise removal and classification of breast mammogram images

Because of the limitations of the X‐ray hardware systems in mammogram machines, the quality of the breast mammogram images may undergo from poor resolution or low contrast. Quantum noise occurs in the mammogram images during acquisition due to low‐count X‐ray photons. In this work, an adaptive frost filter has been used to remove quantum noise. Local binary patterns have been extracted to classify breast mammograms into benign and malignant using different classifiers. Results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Mammographic Institute Society Analysis database of mammography has been used for experimentation. Peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and structural similarity index measure are used to test the validity of adaptive frost filter. Experiment results show that proposed technique produces better results. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

双树轮廓波变换域的磁共振图像降噪

为了改善磁共振(MR)图像的质量,提出一种基于双树轮廓波(DT-Contourlet)变换的MR图像降噪算法。研究了MR图像的噪声分布模型,认为这种噪声服从莱斯分布,从而推导了MR模平方图像的噪声参数估计方法。通过分析DT-Contourlet的塔型双树方向滤波器组结构,明确了DT-Contourlet不仅能保持轮廓波灵活的方向选择性,而且克服了传统轮廓波不具有平移不变性的缺点。在DT-Contourlet变换域,通过计算方差一致性测度,用局部自适应窗口估计阈值萎缩因子,对MR模平方图像的变换系数进行阈值萎缩。最后,经过DT-Contourlet反变换,实现了MR图像的降噪处理。实验结果表明,用本文算法降噪的MR仿真图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR)优于传统算法;与基于小波和轮廓波的方法相比,不同噪声方差下的PSNR平均提高了2.13dB和0.91dB。从视觉效果来看,该算法能在有效抑制MR图像噪声的同时,更好地保持图像的细节信息。     

自适应滤波算法消除泥浆脉冲信号中的泵冲噪声

随钻测量系统中自适应噪声抵消器可根据泥浆脉冲信号的特点,运用自适应噪声抵消算法抑制噪声干扰,但同时也会抵消掉部分有用信号,影响后续解码的可靠性。在分析泥浆脉冲信号噪声干扰及自适应滤波算法的基础上,提出一种新的滤波算法,用自适应陷波器来降低主通道信号与参考信号的相关性,保护有用信号不被抵消,克服了以往单采用自适应噪声抵消器存在的最大弊端。实验结果表明,自适应陷波器、自适应噪声抵消器相配合的自适应滤波算法,能在任何信噪比情况下有效滤除泵冲噪声并保护有用信号的能量,简单可靠且适用性强,对提高泥浆脉冲信号的信噪比,降低随钻测量通信的误码率,具有较高的实用价值。     

结合多尺度边缘增强及自适应谷底检测的浮选气泡图像分割

针对浮选气泡图像噪声大、边界弱、传统谷底检测算法对不同类型气泡分割不具普遍性等问题,提出了一种结合Contourlet多尺度边缘增强及自适应谷底边界检测的气泡分割方法。该方法通过对气泡图像进行Contourlet分解,得到多尺度多方向高频子带;通过对各方向子带的高频系数进行非线性增益处理,实现边缘增强和噪声抑制。对和声搜索算法的"调音"策略和参数设定方法进行了改进,对不同类型气泡图像自适应地获取谷底边界检测算法的最优参数,提取谷底并进行形态学的边缘完善处理。最后进行了分割实验,并与其它方法做了比较。结果表明,采用该方法对不同类型气泡进行分割时,平均检测效率(DER)和准确率(ACR)分别为91.2%和90.6%,较传统分割方法有较大提高。该方法无需手工调节参数,自适应能力强,精度高。     

Modified-filtered-u LMS algorithm for active noise control and its application to a short acoustic duct

This paper presents a new adaptive algorithm for active noise control (ANC) that can be effectively applicable to a short acoustic duct, such as the intake system of an automobile engine, where the stability and fast convergence of the ANC system is particularly important. The new algorithm, called the modified-filtered-u LMS algorithm (MFU-LMS), is developed based on the recursive filtered-u LMS algorithm (FU-LMS) incorporating the simple hyper-stable adaptive recursive filter (SHARF) to ensure the control stability and the variable step size to enhance the convergence rate. The MFU-LMS algorithm is implemented by purely experimental ways, and is applied to active control of noise in a short acoustic duct, and is validated using two experimental cases of which the primary noise sources are a sinusoidal signal embedded in white noise and a chirp signal. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MFU-LMS algorithm gives a considerably better performance than other conventional algorithms, such as the filtered-x LMS (FX-LMS) and the FU-LMS algorithms.     

基于粒子群优化的形态学滤波器消噪方法

为了有效地消除信号的噪声,提出了基于粒子群优化的数学形态滤波器构造方法。首先,根据数学形态学算法的特性构造了形态学滤波器;然后,对于形态学滤波运算中的重要参数形态结构算子,采用具有全局优化性能的粒子群算法自适应选取,以最大信噪比作为整个优化过程的判定标准,从而实现了最优滤波器的构造;最后,通过仿真实验和轴承故障信号的分析表明,该形态学滤波器能够实现较好的滤波效果,可以有效地对机械设备的故障信号进行消噪。     

应用迭代圆环像素率法实现快速虹膜定位

针对虹膜定位易受噪声影响、速度慢、自适应性差等问题,提出了基于迭代圆环像素率法的快速虹膜定位算法。提出的定位算法包括切割虹膜图像、Hough圆检测粗定位、微积分算子精定位3个部分,从切割虹膜图像、图像抽样、迭代圆环像素率法、快速Hough圆检测以及分层定位思想5方面提高算法的速度。提出了缩小半径范围的迭代圆环像素率法以及消除瞳孔光斑的形态学方法,瞳孔分割阈值以及小范围的圆心、半径候选集等参数都是通过计算得到,自适应性好。使用4个虹膜数据库进行实验,并与相近算法进行了对比。实验结果表明,该算法的定位准确率为97.75%～99.07%,定位时间为52.847～158.502 ms,是一种鲁棒、快速、自适应的虹膜定位算法。     

红外成像系统的非均匀性实时校正

针对红外相机系统响应非均匀性所产生的竖条纹固定噪声,提出了基于多线程优化的单帧红外图像非均匀性实时校正算法。该算法参考全变分理论的非均匀性校正算法确定噪声与图像输出之间的加性校正关系,建立了描述条纹噪声的数学模型;通过滤波算法将图像分为高频分量和低频分量,运用建立的条纹噪声模型,基于最小二乘法从高频部分中拟合出条纹噪声。最后,使用全变分理论确定的加性关系对图像进行校正。为了提高算法的计算速度,运用多线程技术对算法进行了优化。对提出的算法与MIRE(Midway Infrared Equalization)算法及传统双边滤波算法进行了图像质量评价和性能对比。结果显示:本文算法使图像非均匀性较原图降低了3%;算法效率与MIRE算法无异,系统运行时间在320×256的14位红外图像上为1.5ms/frame,达到了工程标准。