循环内压载荷下厚壁圆筒的棘轮极限

在循环内压载荷下,采用非循环法等方法推导了不同壁厚下厚壁圆筒的棘轮极限解析解,提出了相应的设计方法,并采用有限元方法进行了验证。理论解与有限元分析结果吻合良好。结果表明,此方法可用于循环内压载荷及类似工况下厚壁圆筒的棘轮极限设计,具有一定的工程价值。     

厚壁圆筒在内压和轴向力复合载荷作用下的极限载荷

基于理想弹塑性材料假设和Von—Mises屈服准则,考虑厚壁圆筒三向应力分布的不均匀性以及圆筒的几何特性,推导给出了厚壁圆筒在内压和轴向力共同作用下的极限载荷表达式。文中的理论解与前人的解比较结果表明,文中的解比现有解精确,用于薄壁圆筒时,其解与现有的薄壁解一致。     

某项目安注管线热棘轮效应分析与评定

核电站在运行期间,核反应堆的压力容器和管道会承受内压、循环热载荷及振动等各种复杂载荷工况,这些工况会导致材料或结构发生棘轮效应,缩减材料或结构的疲劳寿命,严重影响压力容器和管道的安全可靠性。RCC-M规范中对压水堆核电站管道的热棘轮效应是基于BREE图进行规定的,计算发现,当管道受到很大热冲击瞬态载荷时,可能会出现不能满足此规范要求的情况,这时就需要进一步对管道棘轮安定性进行分析。分析RCC-M规范对于管道热棘轮的计算公式及评定要求后发现,可以采用薄壁圆筒近似公式对管道棘轮效应进行评价,分析结果表明,在循环热冲击载荷作用下产生的热棘轮效应能够满足RCC-M规范要求,对工程设计有一定参考价值。     

含整圈周向内裂纹厚壁圆筒的极限载荷

基于von Mises屈服准则,考虑厚壁圆筒三向应力分布的不均匀性以及厚壁圆筒的几何特性,推导出了含整圈环向内裂纹厚壁圆筒在内压和轴向力共同作用下的理想弹塑性材料极限载荷表达式,并进行了有限元验证。结果表明,理论解与有限元结果接近,且理论解偏保守。     

热-机循环载荷作用下裙座结构的棘轮和疲劳评定

基于给定的热-机循环载荷,对裙座结构进行了热应力分析。采用弹性核判据和弹-塑性应力分析对结构进行了棘轮评定,采用最大-最小循环计数法和弹性应力分析对结构进行了疲劳评定。为裙座结构防止复杂循环载荷引起的失效提供一定参考。     

热—机械载荷下梯度材料圆筒的应力分析

对梯度材料圆筒在内外压及非均布温度载荷作用下的应力状态进行理论分析。通过引入弹性梯度因子和温度梯度因子获得热—机械载荷下梯度材料圆筒的应力解析解,进而探讨弹性梯度因子和温度梯度因子对径向、周向和轴向应力分布的影响,为梯度材料圆筒的结构设计提供可靠的理论依据。计算结果表明,应力分量沿壁厚的分布随内外压比值的不同而不同,其中径向应力与坐标位置密切相关,与梯度因子关系不大。对于不同的梯度因子比,存在一最优值使得梯度圆筒内外壁面周向应力差值最小。与内壁处轴向应力相比,外壁处轴向应力对内外压比值的变化更为敏感,并且当弹性梯度因子与温度梯度因子比小于1时,轴向应力几乎不受梯度因子比值变化的影响;而当梯度因子比大于1时,轴向应力迅速减小,且外壁处的减小速度远大于内壁处的减小速度。     

循环载荷下热疲劳裂纹的应力强度因子

为揭示循环温度载荷对热疲劳裂纹应力强度因子的影响规律,考虑材料的多线性塑性随动强化性质,用有限元法计算多种循环载荷作用下裂尖点的应力-应变和热疲劳裂纹的应力强度因子。该应力强度因子值由裂尖附近压缩塑性应变的累积量决定。压缩塑性应变对温度载荷的作用次序敏感,因此应力强度因子也受到温度载荷的作用次序的影响。恒温度幅循环条件下,如果不考虑裂纹扩展,热疲劳裂纹的应力强度因子不随循环次数变化。变温度幅循环条件下,低温循环不会影响其后的高温循环应力强度因子;高温循环却影响其后的低温循环应力强度因子,并使得低温循环的应力强度因子与高温循环的应力强度因子相同,因此突发的高温载荷严重威胁高温构件的寿命。热疲劳裂纹扩展试验证明了有限元计算结果的正确性。     

热-机载荷下厚壁圆筒自增强压力与安全性分析

推导厚壁圆筒在内压及热梯度载荷作用下的最佳自增强压力,并基于ANSYS优化分析结果对理论解进行验证.同时进一步探讨循环热机载荷下自增强对厚壁圆筒安定行为的影响.结果表明,不考虑热载荷时自增强处理会增大工作状态下圆筒内外壁应力差,从而降低结构的疲劳强度;当量纲一温度tn(0.75时,最佳自增强压力的理论解与数值解一致,最大误差不超过1%,而当0.75相似文献   

统一强度理论在厚壁圆筒自增强中的应用

采用统一强度理论分析了厚壁圆筒自增强中的一些关键问题,得出了非自增强厚壁圆筒弹性极限载荷和塑性极限载荷的统一解的形式,以及弹塑性界面上当量应力最小时的弹塑性界面半径,并导出了当材料拉、压强度不同,及考虑中间主应力的情况下,自增强处理不发生反向屈服时的圆筒径比。另外,利用统一强度理论公式比较了现有的几种强度理论在自增强分析中所得的结果。     

热-机械载荷下厚壁圆筒自增强压力优化分析

理论上推导了厚壁圆筒在内压及热载荷共同作用下的最佳自增强压力,并基于ANSYS的优化分析结果对理论解进行了验证。结果表明最佳自增强压力的理论解与数值解一致,最大误差不超过1%;另外,不考虑热载荷进行自增强后,会增大工作状态下厚壁圆筒内外壁应力差,降低结构的疲劳强度;工程上可根据本文解析解进行自增强处理,以提高厚壁圆筒的承载能力。     

钢丝缠绕式重型液压油缸应力和变形分析

为得到钢丝缠绕式重型液压油缸在预应力状态和工作状态的应力和变形分布情况,建立了解析计算模型和有限元数值模型并进行了模拟计算和分析。结果表明:缸体的径向变形是轴向位置的函数,半径方向的应力是径向位置的函数。基于有限元数值模拟结果与解析计算结果在数值和变化趋势上均趋于一致,充分地证明了建模的正确性。基于钢丝缠绕重型油缸的整体有限元分析方法大大地降低了设计计算难度,提高计算结果的准确性,为结构的进一步优化和设计改进提供理论依据。     

厚壁筒双轴向表面裂纹尖端应力强度因子影响因素的研究

在现有文献对平面结构任意分布多裂纹间相互作用影响因素及厚壁筒轴向表面单裂纹尖端应力强度因子分析的基础上,提出了包含裂纹尖端应力强度因子影响因素的厚壁筒双轴向表面裂纹尖端应力强度因子公式.根据有限元方法,利用ANSYS软件对不同厚壁筒壁厚比、不同裂纹深度比及不同裂纹夹角情况下双轴向表面裂纹尖端应力强度因子进行了计算,分析...     

Stability of confined thin-walled steel cylinders under external pressure

The present paper investigates the structural stability of thin-walled steel cylinders surrounded by an elastic medium, subjected to uniform external pressure. A two-dimensional model is developed, assuming no variation of load and deformation along the cylinder axis. The cylinder and the surrounding medium are simulated with nonlinear finite elements that account for both geometric and material nonlinearities. Cylinders of elastic material within a rigid boundary are considered first, and the numerical results are compared successfully with available closed-form analytical predictions. Subsequently, the external pressure response of confined thin-walled steel cylinders is examined, in terms of the initial out-of-roundness of the cylinder, the initial gap between the cylinder and the medium, and the stiffness of the surrounding medium. Numerical results are presented in the form of pressure-deformation equilibrium paths, and show a rapid drop of pressure after reaching the maximum pressure level, as well as a significant imperfection sensitivity. A plastic-hinge mechanism is developed that results in a closed-form expression and illustrates the post-buckling response of the cylinder in an approximate manner. The distributions of plastic deformation, as well as the variation of cylinder-medium contact pressure around the cylinder cross-section are also depicted and discussed. Furthermore, the effects of uniform vertical preloading on the maximum pressure sustained by the cylinder are examined. Finally, the numerical results show good comparison with a simplified closed-form expression, proposed elsewhere, which could be used for design purposes.     

Elastic–plastic response of unpressurised pipes subjected to axially-long radial indentation

Elastic–plastic force-deflection analysis of unpressurised pipes with long axial indentations are carried out. Solutions from an analytical method are compared to the corresponding finite element solutions and experimental test results. The analytical method is based on a simple energy-based approach developed to predict the initial gradients of the force-deflection curves and the limit loads of the indented rings using linear beam bending theory and upper bound theories. A comprehensive finite element study of indented unpressurised pipes is performed to study their sensitivities to the elastic–plastic responses. The finite element analysis covers six different materials, four different geometries and two different boundary conditions, and is compared with the corresponding analytical solutions. The results presented in this paper indicate that by using the analytical solutions for limit loads incorporating a representative flow stress as the average value of the yield stress and ultimate tensile stress, it is possible to obtain reasonably accurate predictions for the peak loads.     

Elastic lateral-torsional buckling of circular arches subjected to a central concentrated load

An arch under an in-plane central concentrated radial load is subjected to combined axial compressive and bending actions. When these combined axial compressive and bending actions reach a certain value, the arch may suddenly deflect laterally and twist out of its plane of loading and fail in a lateral-torsional buckling mode. This paper derives analytical solutions for the elastic lateral-torsional buckling load of pin-ended circular arches that are subjected to a central concentrated load, using the principle of stationary potential energy in conjunction with the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Analytical solutions of the buckling load for in-plane fixed and out-of-plane pin-ended arches and for the case of the load acting above or below the shear centre are also derived. The analytical solutions are compared with results of a commercial finite element package ANSYS and a finite element code developed by authors elsewhere for arches with different slendernesses, included angles, and cross-sections. The agreement between the analytical solutions and the finite element results is very good.     

内压支撑下薄壁管弯曲变形力学分析

管件内压弯曲又称为管件充液弯曲,具有减小截面畸变,延缓薄壁管内侧失稳起皱,提高弯曲成形极限等优点。支撑内压在其中起到了关键性的作用,对于环向和轴向的应力应变分量具有重要影响。采用塑性理论,对内压和弯矩共同作用下的薄壁管弯曲变形进行理论分析。考虑内压对微元平衡方程的影响,建立一个新的理论分析模型,通过求解非线性方程组,得到薄壁管应力应变的分布规律,定量分析内压对薄壁管应力应变的影响趋势。同时通过将有限元分析得到的应力应变分量的信息,与理论解进行对比发现,理论预测和模拟结果相符合,验证所建立的理论分析模型的可靠性。结果表明,轴向和环向应力随内压升高均大大提高,环向应变随内压升高线性递增,而厚向应变线性减小。     

双向载荷下威布尔应力参量的研究

以往对双轴断裂的研究多采用线弹性断裂力学参量且限于弹性材料，局部法理论提出了威布尔应力参量，威布尔应力作为度量脆性断裂概率的参量已广泛采用。为研究双向载荷对威布尔应力的影响，文中开发了威布尔应力计算程序并进行考核验证，以威布尔应力为参量，以ASTM A36钢中心裂纹板为研究对象，结合有限元分析方法，研究二维裂纹问题在不同双向载荷比下威布尔应力参量的变化规律，从而得到双向载荷对脆断概率的影响。计算结果表明，平面应力状态下，双向载荷对威布尔应力和脆断概率基本上没有影响；而在平面应变状态下，威布尔应力和脆性断裂概率随双向载荷比增大而增大。     

双层缩套厚壁筒自增强残余应力分析

基于ANSYS平台,使用APDL语言开发了双层缩套厚壁筒自增强残余应力求解参数化有限元接触模型。考虑缩套预应力的影响,基于理想弹塑性材料模型和Mises屈服准则,推导出了双层缩套厚壁筒自增强残余应力解析解,并将其有限元分析值和解析解进行了比较,有限元分析值与解析解在屈服区结果一致,而在弹性区略有差别,与已有的解析解相比,由于考虑了缩套初始预应力对自增强处理过程应力状态的影响,其残余应力有限元模型的仿真结果和解析解都具有更高的精度。     

Improved flexural–torsional stability analysis of thin-walled composite beam and exact stiffness matrix

A simple but efficient method to evaluate the exact element stiffness matrix is newly presented in order to perform the spatially coupled stability analysis of thin-walled composite beams with symmetric and arbitrary laminations subjected to a compressive force. For this, the general bifurcation-type buckling theory of thin-walled composite beam is developed based on the energy functional, which is consistently obtained corresponding to semitangential rotations and semitangential moments. A numerical procedure is proposed by deriving a generalized eigenvalue problem associated with 14 displacement parameters, which produces both complex eigenvalues and multiple zero eigenvalues. Then the exact displacement functions are constructed by combining eigenvectors and polynomial solutions corresponding to non-zero and zero eigenvalues, respectively. Consequently exact element stiffness matrices are evaluated by applying member force–displacement relationships to these displacement functions. As a special case, the analytical solutions for buckling loads of unidirectional and cross-ply laminated composite beams with various boundary conditions are derived. Finally, the finite element procedure based on Hermitian interpolation polynomial is developed. In order to verify the accuracy and validity of this study, the numerical, analytical, and the finite element solutions using the Hermitian beam elements are presented and compared with those from ABAQUS's shell elements. The effects of fiber orientation and the Wagner effect on the coupled buckling loads are also investigated intensively.