考虑轴颈偏斜的多瓦径向滑动轴承热流体动力润滑分析

建立考虑轴颈偏斜的多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热弹流润滑(TEHD)分析的数学模型,求解轴瓦表面当量弹性变形,计算得到轴颈偏斜时的瓦块油膜厚度、油膜压力分布和瓦面温度分布等,并对比分析无轴线偏斜和有轴线偏斜情况,得到多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承的热弹流润滑性能差异.结果表明,TEHD模型下,轴颈偏斜会导致轴承油膜厚度、油膜压力和瓦面温度等分布在轴向不对称,并且导致轴承油膜厚度明显减小.     

多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热弹流润滑分析

考虑轴瓦弹性变形,建立多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热弹流润滑(TEHD)分析的数学模型,对比分析多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热流体动力润滑(THD)与TEHD模型的润滑性能差异,分析轴瓦弹性变形对轴承润滑性能的影响.结果表明,轴瓦弹性变形导致最小油膜厚度减小、流体动压力的梯度下降,但对瓦面温度的影响较小;THD模型高估了轴承的承载能力,在高速重载的场合,这种误差可能导致轴承润滑失效.因此,在滑动轴承设计中有必要考虑轴瓦弹性变形对轴承润滑性能的影响.     

船舶可倾瓦推力轴承工况参数对润滑特性的影响

为研究船舶工况参数对可倾瓦推力轴承稳态和瞬态润滑特性的影响,利用Matlab建立船舶可倾瓦推力轴承热弹流体动压润滑计算模型,考虑轴瓦的热弹性变形,联立黏温方程、能量方程、油膜刚度和阻尼系数方程求解模型,研究热弹性变形以及不同载荷和转速情况下船舶可倾瓦推力轴承的润滑特性。结果表明：考虑热弹性变形时,最小油膜厚度增大,最大油膜压力和最高油膜温度降低;在正常运行工况条件下,轴瓦的热弹性变形有利于改善推力轴承的润滑性能,轴承设计时应考虑材料的抗压性和耐热性;在转速不变时随着载荷的增大,最小油膜厚度降低,最大油膜压力、温度、油膜刚度和阻尼均增加,需要特别注意重载工况下轴承的动压润滑状况;在载荷相同的情况下,随着转速的提高,油膜厚度和油膜温度增大,油膜压力变化不明显,油膜刚度和阻尼随转速增大而降低,在转速较低时下降较为明显。研究结果为优化轴承设计、提高轴承运行的可靠性和稳定性提供参考。     

EMP径向滑动轴承热弹变形对润滑特性的影响

ＥＭＰ径向滑动轴承特殊的轴瓦材料特性使得其热弹变形对轴承的润滑特性,如油膜的最小间隙、油膜压力和温度分布影响较大。为此本文建立了完整的热弹变形模型,采用有限差分的方法,通过在不同载荷的情况下,对ＥＭＰ径向滑动轴承在计入和未计入热弹复合变形的两种情形进行对比,从而揭示了热弹变形影响轴承工作性能参数的内在规律。     

贫油工况下滑动轴承弹流润滑特性分析

随着风力发电机组的功率增加,滑动轴承在风电齿轮箱中的使用优势逐渐突显。当风力发电机组内的轴承润滑系统堵塞或供油不足时,滑动轴承将长期处于贫油润滑状态。为了研究滑动轴承的贫油润滑特性,基于Reynolds方程和Reynolds边界条件,考虑油膜压力作用下轴套的弹性变形,建立了贫油润滑状态下滑动轴承的计算模型;对比了计入弹性变形和不计入弹性变形的滑动轴承贫油润滑性能;分析了轴套弹性模量和供油量对滑动轴承贫油润滑性能的影响。结果表明,计入弹性变形后的最小油膜厚度位置位于轴套两侧,更加符合实际情况;随着轴套材料弹性模量的增加,轴颈偏心率逐渐减小,最大油膜压力逐渐增加,最小油膜厚度逐渐增加;随着供油量的增加,轴颈偏心率逐渐减小,最大油膜压力逐渐降低,最小油膜厚度逐渐增加。     

制造误差对多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热流体动力润滑性能的影响

建立考虑制造误差的多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热弹流润滑(TEHD)分析的计算模型,计算得到有制造误差时的瓦块油膜厚度、油膜压力、瓦面温度分布等,并对比分析多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承在有无制造误差时的热弹流润滑性能差异。结果表明,轴径误差会导致最大油膜压力显著增大,轴瓦瓦面曲率半径误差会导致最小油膜厚度和最大油膜压力均有一定增大,而预载荷误差对轴承的润滑性能无明显影响。     

内燃机主轴承EHD模拟计算研究

在充分考虑轴承座、瓦背、减摩合金层的弹性变形及轴颈、轴瓦表面粗糙度因素的影响基础上,对某4100QB柴油机主轴承进行了综合的EHD模拟计算研究。采用有限差分法与有限元法相结合对轴承的油膜压力、油膜厚度、弹性变形、表面粗糙度进行了耦合分析,并将EHD耦合算法结果与刚性分析结果及仅考虑轴瓦弹性变形的分析结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,综合考虑轴承座、瓦背、减摩合金层弹性变形及轴颈、轴瓦表面粗糙度因素影响的弹流润滑研究更符合实际工况,其油膜厚度增大,油膜压力减小,油膜承载区扩大,且在轴承载荷峰值处表现最为明显。     

计入轴变形导致轴颈倾斜的径向滑动轴承流体动力润滑分析

分析讨论了轴 轴承摩擦副系统中,当轴受载变形导致轴颈倾斜时,径向滑动轴承的流体动力润滑特性。推 导了轴颈倾斜时的轴承油膜厚度表达式,计算了不同轴载荷情况下,轴承油膜压力、端泄流量和轴颈摩擦系数。计 算结果表明,轴颈倾斜时,轴承油膜压力分布、最大油膜压力、油膜厚度分布和最小油膜厚度等都有明显的变化。因 此,进行计入轴变形导致轴颈倾斜的径向滑动轴承润滑分析研究是非常必要的。     

EMP径向滑动轴承三维热弹流有限元分析与研究

ＥＭＰ径向滑动轴承的热弹变形对轴承的润滑性能影响较大。当采用Ｗｉｎｋｌｅｒ假设将其简化为梁来计算时与实际结果相比误差较大。为此采用了一种轴承热弹流有限元分析的计算模型,按照三维有限元的方法对其进行了全面的热弹变形分析,同时结合广义雷诺方程、能量方程等进行耦合计算和分析。计算表明：三维有限元方法同Ｗｉｎｋｌｅｒ假设相比,更能反映油膜和轴瓦的温度分布,有助于揭示轴承的润滑特性。     

弹性金属塑料瓦径向滑动轴承启动过程热弹流分析

研究了采用弹性金属塑料轴瓦时径向滑动轴承的瞬态润滑特性。建立了该轴承的三维热弹流模型，通过数值求解对比了启动过程中采用弹性金属塑料轴瓦和金属材料轴瓦时油膜和轴瓦的瞬态温度场分布、轴瓦的热弹变形量，以及转子轴心轨迹。结果表明，在启动初期弹性金属塑料瓦径向滑动轴承的瓦体温度要高于金属瓦，转子偏心率也要大于采用金属瓦时的偏心率；因润滑油在弹性金属塑料瓦径向滑动轴承轴瓦表面存在一定的滑移速度，随着油膜边界滑移作用的出现，采用弹性金属塑料瓦径向滑动轴承时的油膜温度最终低于采用金属瓦时的温度，且转子的偏心率也最终小于采用余属瓦的偏心率。     

多瓦可倾瓦轴承的瞬态热弹流润滑性能分析

建立多瓦可倾瓦轴承瞬态热弹流润滑的数学模型,分析多瓦可倾瓦轴承在启动阶段的瞬态润滑性能,通过计算得到轴承由初始位置运动到平衡位置的轴心运动轨迹,并得到平衡位置时轴承的各项润滑性能参数,包括油膜厚度、流体动压力、瓦面温度与瓦面热弹变形等。结果表明,在开机启动阶段,轴心轨迹需要经历一段时间历程才能收敛于平衡位置,在载荷较小情况下,热变形对润滑性能的影响要比弹性变形大。     

Transient analysis of misaligned elastic tilting-pad journal bearing

For several reasons, almost all bearings operate in a misaligned condition, the present research work deals with analyzing the performance of a misaligned tilting-pad journal bearing under transient loading condition. The elastic and thermal distortions of the pad are considered and finite element analysis is used to calculate the pad’s elastic deformation. Using finite difference method, the Reynolds equation is simultaneously solved with the energy equation to calculate the pressure distribution and hence the other bearing performance characteristics. A modified fluid film thickness equation is used to take the effect of shaft misalignment and bearing elastic and thermal distortion into consideration.The results have shown that considering the thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic distortion improves the bearing performance in the case of misalignment shaft. And, at low values of shaft misalignment, the decrease in oil film thickness due to shaft misalignment is compensated by the increase in oil film thickness due to elastic and thermal distortions.     

轴线偏斜对多瓦径向滑动轴承热润滑性能的影响

分析轴线偏斜对多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热流体动力润滑性能的影响。计及轴线偏斜与瓦块自由度,推导可倾瓦径向滑动轴承的油膜厚度方程,建立数学模型,计算单自由度、双自由度2种瓦块支承的径向滑动轴承在不同偏斜程度时的最小油膜厚度、压力和三维温度分布,并分析偏斜对这2种轴承热流体动力润滑性能的影响。结果表明,轴线偏斜对单自由度瓦径向滑动轴承有较大影响,会使单自由度瓦块的可倾瓦径向滑动轴承的油膜压力在轴向分布不对称,导致瓦块支承处产生不平衡的力矩,而对双自由度瓦径向滑动轴承的润滑性能几乎没有影响。     

Influence of Mixed-Lubrication and Rough Elastic-Plastic Contact on the Performance of Small Fluid Film Bearings

A previously developed deterministic elastohydrodynamic (EHD) numerical model for small fluid film bearings functioning in the mixed lubrication regime is extended in this work by considering the rough contact. Several simplifying hypotheses are made: the shaft is considered rigid and smooth, turning at low speeds (isothermal regime), and the pad is assumed to have an elastic-perfectly-plastic behavior. The Reynolds equation is solved on a very fine mesh and the elasto-plastic pad deformation caused by the hydrodynamic pressure is taken into account. A deterministic active set-based method is used for determining the contact pressure, the contact extent, and the corresponding deformation. The results are presented for a partial journal bearing configuration, with a linear shaft velocity of 0.47 m/s under specific pressures varying up to 50 MPa. Two pad materials are considered, and the lubricant is either isoviscous or piezoviscous oil. The simulation results, presented as a function of the bearing specific pressure, include eccentricity, the film thickness, the friction torques, the contact extent, etc. Stribeck curves showing the evolution of the friction coefficient in the hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication regimes are also discussed.     

基于多物理场耦合的可倾瓦滑动轴承性能优化分析

针对大型可倾瓦滑动轴承的湍流效应和瓦块变形,基于COMSOL和MATLAB的联合仿真构建三维热弹流体动力润滑模型。模型中,考虑湍流的修正雷诺方程、能量方程和热传导方程的计算采用COMSOL偏微分方程物理场模块实现,瓦块变形计算采用COMSOL中热应力物理场模块实现,多物理场耦合和计算过程控制利用MATLAB实现。基于所构建模型,研究瓦块弧长、名义间隙、支承点偏移量和宽度对可倾瓦滑动轴承性能的影响。结果表明：当瓦块弧长或轴向宽度增加时,油膜变厚,瓦温降低,但是总摩擦功耗会增加;当径向间隙增大时,油膜变厚,瓦温降低,总摩擦功耗也会略有降低;而当支撑偏移量增大时,两块下瓦的变化趋势相反,总承载能力和摩擦功耗略有增加。研究结果为可倾瓦滑动轴承的优化设计提供有价值的参考。     

THD Analysis of Rolling Piston and Journal Bearings in Rotary Compressors

A numerical analysis of the thermohydrodynamic lubrication of a rolling piston and two misaligned journal bearings in a rotary compressor has been carried out. The temperature rise of the oil film was calculated according to the transient energy equation of viscous fluid, and coupled analysis with the hydrodynamic lubrication of the rolling piston and journal bearings was conducted by using the finite element method and finite difference method. The distributions of the pressure and temperature rise of the oil film for several cycles were calculated. The analysis results show that for the journal bearings, the temperature of the oil film rises with the increase in pressure, the highest temperature appears around the region of the maximum pressure, whereas for the rolling piston bearing, there is a sharp peak in the temperature distribution. The maximum temperature in the oil film varies periodically with the rotation of the crankshaft, and after several cycles the balance between viscous heating and heat dissipation is achieved. The thermal analysis results were compared with those of the isothermal analysis. It is found that the difference in lubrication performance between the thermal and isothermal cases is relative small, due to the mild temperature rise in the bearing system.     

影响弹簧支承式推力轴承性能的几个因素

本文对弹簧支承式推力轴承进行了三维热弹流研究,发现变形量对轴承性能有很大影响,为此,着重分析了决定轴承变形和油膜形状分布的几个因素对轴承性能影响情况,研究表明,弹簧布置方式,轴瓦厚度和型面形状能严重改变轴承性能,在进行轴承设计时必须对上述因素进行了优化,并提出了一些优化建议。     

Thermoelastohydrodynamic analysis of the static performance of tilting-pad journal bearings with the Newton–Raphson method

Thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHD) analysis is presented to investigate the static performance of tilting-pad journal bearings. A completely numerical solution is obtained. The Newton–Raphson method is employed to predict the bearing characteristics of the hydrodynamic pressure, the eccentricity and the pad attitude angles simultaneously. For the temperature calculation, three-dimensional (3D) energy equations for the fluid under each pad and 3D heat transfer equations for the pads are solved using a sequential sweeping method. The elastic deformation and thermal expansion of each pad are calculated with the 20-node isoparametric finite element method. It is found that the Newton–Raphson method is a smart and efficient method. The results show that the elastic deformation due to the hydrodynamic pressure and the influence of the temperature elevation play an important role in the calculated bearing system.     

径向可倾瓦轴承的热弹流润滑分析

用Newton-Raphson法一次性求出了所有瓦块的压力分布和轴心的位置,用步进扫描法对轴承进行了三维温度场分析,用20节点有限元法构造了瓦块的压力变形矩阵和热变形矩阵。     

大偏心下滑动轴承热弹流润滑状态及特性*

滑动轴承在大偏心条件下工作时，热效应及弹性变形使得油膜润滑状态发生变化，进而影响摩擦特性。为此建立耦合轴瓦弹性变形、轴颈轴瓦粗糙峰接触、油膜温度分布及黏温-黏压关系的滑动轴承混合润滑模型，采用有限差分法求解得到不同工况下油膜压力场、温度场分布，分析热效应及弹性变形对润滑状态转变及轴承各特性参数的影响；搭建实验台测量试件内表面温度分布，测试结果验证了计算模型的正确性。结果表明：大偏心时热效应和弹性变形使得油膜润滑状态出现转化；粗糙峰的接触使摩擦热增加，且在最小油膜处形成温度峰值；热效应和轴瓦弹性变形使得接触压力峰值集中在轴承两端，承载能力和摩擦力均有所下降。