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针对深海环境下油液密度随下潜深度变化的问题,建立深海环境压力和温度模型,考虑含气率的影响分别建立纯油液密度模型和气-液两相等效密度模型,以VG32和VG64液压油实验数据对模型进行误差分析,得到其最大误差分别为0.32%、0.11%,验证了模型的可行性。综合上述模型,建立以水深为变量的等效密度模型,研究深海环境下液压介质密度的变化规律。结果表明:随水深的增加,气-液两相油液模型的等效密度较纯液压油模型的变化相对滞后,但进入深海3 000 m以下后,两者相差很小,可以用纯液压油密度近似替代两相介质的密度;深海环境下随水深增加,油液等效密度呈现迅速增加、缓慢过渡、平稳增长的变化规律。具体表现为:在浅海层(460 m),海水温度对密度变化起主导作用,等效密度随水深增加急剧增长;在中海层(460~1300 m),温度主导作用减弱,等效密度增幅变缓;在深海层(1 300 m),海水压力取代温度成为影响密度的主要因素,密度增长趋于平稳。 相似文献
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三角形电极离子阱(triangular-electrode linear ion trap, TeLIT)是一种新型结构的线性离子阱,具有简单的电极结构和良好的分析性能。为进一步提高TeLIT的离子探测效率,本实验将离子出射方向的2个电极设置为不同角度,建立非对称结构的TeLIT,通过引入非对称场实现离子单向出射。通过分析电极角度差与其内部电场分布的关系,并模拟离子运动轨迹,获得离子出射情况和模拟质谱峰。理论模拟结果显示:当离子出射方向三角电极的角度差Δα=15°时,在优化的AC频率条件下,三角形电极离子阱的m/z 610离子单向出射率可达95%以上,且质量分辨率达到2647。经优化几何参数后的非对称三角形电极离子阱可在几乎不损失分辨率的情况下实现离子单向出射,大幅提高了单检测器模式下TeLIT的离子探测效率和仪器的灵敏度,使其在小型化质谱仪的开发中具有显著优势。 相似文献
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磁流变液聚结稳定性和沉降稳定性的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
报道我们在研制磁流变液的实验中,比较了几种表面活性剂,聚合物添加剂,高分散超细粉末对体系聚结稳定性和沉降稳定性的影响。发现,磁流变悬浮液体的聚结稳定性聚决于固相微粒之间的静电排斥作用或固-液界面分子构型所产生的空间位阻效应;重力作用下的沉降稳定性聚决于颗粒尺寸、液相黏度和固/液材料的密度差; 相似文献
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在液力偶合器的使用过程中,由于转差损失与液力损失,会使其工作水液的温度上升,进而影响液力偶合器的工作性能,为了解决这一问题,对阀控充液式液力偶合器的换热特性进行了研究。首先,构建了含有进出水口双腔流道的瞬态换热计算模型,并对其进行了网格无关性验证;然后,采用多步求解方式对正常运转工况、堵转工况及循环换水工况的流动换热进行了数值模拟计算;最后,对比分析了不同工况下的液力偶合器温度场分布特性,探讨了液力偶合器内流场的流动换热变化规律。研究结果表明:正常工况及堵转工况流场整体温度皆呈现明显的线性上升趋势;以240 L/min流量进行循环换水时,流场温度呈先快后慢的下降趋势,20 s内可将流场温度降至30℃左右。采用该研究结果,可以准确地预测液力偶合器内流场温度变化,可为液力偶合器优化、换水调控提供理论参考。 相似文献
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针对以往重力再循环供液制冷系统的气液分离器放置冷库外部造成冷量损失的问题,设计了带有双蒸发管组冷风机且气液分离器放置内部的重力再循环制冷系统并与直接膨胀制冷系统进行了对比试验,研究不同库温和不同冷凝温度对两种制冷系统的制冷量,压缩机功率等参数影响。结果表明,重力再循环采用双蒸发管组冷风机后,在库温-20,-25,-30℃工况下,相对于直接膨胀制冷系统的性能系数增加8.81%,9.27%和10.51%,在冷凝温度20,30,35℃工况下,相对于直接膨胀式制冷系统的性能系数增加5%~10%,因此带有双蒸发管组冷风机的重力再循环在低温下运行更具有优势。 相似文献
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Doo-Hee Han Jun-Su Shin Jeong-Seok Kang Jung-Shin Park Sun-Sang Park Jae-Su Kwak Hong-Gye Sung Ho-Jin Choi 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2014,28(10):4083-4090
Mixing characteristics in a rectangular chamber are investigated using experimental and numerical methods. A mixing chamber with an axial inlet (representing fuel inlet) and a side inlet (representing air inlet) is designed. Two jets with different momentum ratios through the two inlets are mixed in the chamber. Computational fluid dynamic simulation is validated by experimental data of particle image velocimetry that measures flow velocity distribution. The momentum ratios of the two jets and the height of the axial inlet significantly influence the penetration depth of axial jet into the mixing chamber and the pressure drops at recirculation zones. 相似文献
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V. L. Kuznetsov D. S. Skomorokhov V. A. Bessonova V. V. Uvarin 《Instruments and Experimental Techniques》2012,55(6):664-668
A setup for investigating prebreakdown phenomena on the surfaces of cathode insulators in vacuum is described. The setup reproduces the conditions under which an insulator is during operation of an actual vacuum device. The results from studying the effect of charged-particle fluxes and X-ray or optical radiations in a vacuum chamber under a stepped increase in the applied voltage to 150 kV are presented. In order to predict the development of a high-voltage breakdown, the following parameters are simultaneously recorded during measurements: the pressure in the vacuum chamber, the gas composition, and the leakage currents over the insulator surface and through the vacuum gap. The data are recorded automatically, and the collected information is stored on the hard disk of a computer. 相似文献
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航空发动机轴承腔精确的润滑与换热设计依赖于对其内油气两相润滑介质流动与换热本质的认识。针对轴承腔内复杂的油气两相润滑介质流动状态,建立轴承腔均匀流体/壁面油膜分层流动分析模型,开展腔内油气两相润滑介质流动特性研究,探讨转子转速和润滑油供油量对均匀流体和壁面油膜两相介质压力、速度以及温度分布的影响。分析模型中,气相介质(含油滴)的等效物理特征参数通过离散油滴和气相介质的组分比例关系确定,各固体壁面与流体介质的对流换热系数根据其各自的传热特性确定。研究结果表明,均匀流体与壁面油膜两相介质的压力随着润滑油供油量的增加而增大,受转子转速的影响较为复杂;均匀流体与壁面油膜两相介质的速度随着转子转速的增高而增大,受润滑油供油量影响较小;均匀流体的温度随着润滑油供油量的增加而减小,受转子转速的影响较小;与均匀流体温度不同,壁面油膜的温度随着转子转速的增加而增大,随着润滑油供油量的增加而减小。建立了轴承腔试验台系统,开展了轴承腔油气两相流动状态下的压力和温度测试,压力和温度试验结果与理论计算结果均具有较好的吻合性,验证了提出的理论分析方法的可靠性。 相似文献
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重力全平衡提升式升船机的自振特性和稳定性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究包括承船厢、提升钢索、平衡重、承船厢中的水和船舶在内的重力全平衡钢索提升式升船机系统,讨论其自振特性和稳定性;将这一系统模型化为流固耦合系统,将承船厢中的水处理为理想流体,采用伽辽金有限元方法离散,将承船厢及船舶视为刚体,考虑水和承船厢、船舶、提升钢索的相互作用,建立考虑流固耦合的动力学方程。为了求解该方程,对非对称的质量和刚度矩阵进行对称化处理;通过求解特征值问题,得到升船机系统的自振特性,讨论平衡重质量、提升钢索吊点位置、承船厢中船舶等对系统自振特性的影响。利用自振频率为零时系统失稳的力学概念,讨论使系统失稳的临界吊点位置。 相似文献
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Jing Ji Jianhui Zhang Qixiao Xia Shouyin Wang Jun Huang Chunsheng Zhao 《机械工程学报(英文版)》2014,27(3):595-605
Existing researches on no-moving part valves in valve-less piezoelectric pumps mainly concentrate on pipeline valves and chamber bottom valves, which leads to the complex structure and manufacturing process of pump channel and chamber bottom. Furthermore, position fixed valves with respect to the inlet and outlet also makes the adjustability and controllability of flow rate worse. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this paper puts forward a novel implantable structure of valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segments in the pump chamber. Based on the theory of flow around bluff-body, the flow resistance on the spherical and round surface of hemisphere-segment is different when fluid flows through, and the macroscopic flow resistance differences thus formed are also different. A novel valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segment bluff-body (HSBB) is presented and designed. HSBB is the no-moving part valve. By the method of volume and momentum comparison, the stress on the bluff-body in the pump chamber is analyzed. The essential reason of unidirectional fluid pumping is expounded, and the flow rate formula is obtained. To verify the theory, a prototype is produced. By using the prototype, experimental research on the relationship between flow rate, pressure difference, voltage, and frequency has been carried out, which proves the correctness of the above theory. This prototype has six hemisphere-segments in the chamber filled with water, and the effective diameter of the piezoelectric bimorph is 30mm. The experiment result shows that the flow rate can reach 0.50 mL/s at the frequency of 6 Hz and the voltage of 110 V. Besides, the pressure difference can reach 26.2 mm H20 at the frequency of 6 Hz and the voltage of 160 V. This research proposes a valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segment bluff-body, and its validity and feasibility is verified through theoretical analysis and experiment. 相似文献
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离心泵泵腔液体压力分布理论计算及验证 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
准确描述泵腔液体压力分布是研究叶轮盖板力的核心研究问题,也是泵研究领域中的难题。建立泵腔液体流动模型并提出基本假设,将泵腔液体流动视为轴对称二维黏性层流运动,采用数量级比较法,对泵腔液体运动的Navier-Stokes方程简化,并进行积分求得Navier-Stokes方程的近似解析解,推导出设计工况下泵腔液体压力数学模型。在该数学模型计算中,引入势扬程修正系数,解决了泵腔入口液体压力的计算问题,并给出具体确定方法。以IS80-50-315型离心泵为研究对象,在不同叶轮平衡孔直径下,对设计工况下前后泵腔液体压力进行测试和理论计算,对比分析结果表明,两者结果较为一致。还采用2个典型的泵腔液体压力测试实例,进一步验证了设计工况下泵腔液体压力数学模型的可靠性。该研究成果是对经典泵腔液体压力计算公式的补充与完善。 相似文献
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A new approach to gas field ion sources is described. It is based on a structure made by inserting a field emission tip inside a small diameter tube. The tube supplies gas to the tip from a high-pressure chamber into a high-vacuum chamber where ionization takes place. Comparison of projection electron and ion micrographs shows that ionization results from a field ionization process taking place at the very end of the tip. Emission currents in the 10nA range, for a few kV emission voltages, are obtained with various gases including neon, air and hydrogen. Lifetime experiments with H(2) show stable emission for days. 相似文献