TiAl基合金在快速加热循环热处理过程中的结构失稳

观察了快速加热循环热处理过程中发生的4种结构失稳现象：形成二次层片组织、原始层片球化、晶界处非连续粗化、相界形核。通过比较连续加热与等温加热条件下的相转变开始线，探讨了连续加热与等温加热条件下结构失稳机制的异同。提出了快速加热循环热处理过程中避免结构失稳的途径：确保合金成分均匀，使各区域相变温度一致；使最高温度下的保温时间尽可能短。     

科技期刊编辑公关素质浅议

1提高编辑公关素质的重要意义 1)期刊改革发展需要提高编辑公关素质.我国进入了一个期刊繁荣昌盛的时代,期刊的竞争也越来越激烈.科技期刊由于读者面窄,发行量小,其面临的考验更为严峻,许多期刊已越来越感受到生存的威胁.科技期刊编辑必须冲破传统思维局限,更新观念,转变职能,主动与市场接轨,走近读者,才能拓展生存与发展的空间.     

Microstructure and hardness of binary Cr-Ta alloys

The dependances of the microstructure and hardness of the binary Cr-Ta alloys [ Cr-9.0, -9.2, -9.4, -9.6,-9.8, and -13.0 Ta] (mole fraction, %) were investigated. When Ta content of the alloy is less than 9.4%, there are primary dandrite grains of a Cr solid-solution phase existing in the matrix of Cr-Cr2Ta eutectic colonies in the alloy. Moreover, the regular polygon grains of the primary Cr2Ta Laves-phase are surrounded by the Cr-Cr2Ta eutectic colony in the hyper-euteetic Cr-9.4 96 Ta alloys. The scanning electron microphotograph shows that one of the Cr2Ta phase plates of an eutectic colony always connects with the primary Cr2Ta Laves-phase grain in a hyper-eutectic alloy. The eutectic colony size of Cr-Ta alloys decreases with increasing Ta. In addition, the macrohardness of Cr-Ta alloys is influanced by the chemical composition at room temperature. The binary eutectic Cr-Ta alloy presents the lowest hardness on a macrohardness scale.     

Influence of zinc on electrochemical discharge activity of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode

Mg-6%Al-5%Pb (mass fraction) anodes with different contents of zinc were prepared by melting and casting. The electrochemical discharge behavior of these anodes in 3.5% NaCl solutions was investigated by galvanostatic test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microstructures and the corroded surfaces of these anodes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and emission spectrum analysis (ESA). The phase structures and the corrosion products of the anodes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that zinc promotes the grain refinement of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode and makes the average discharge potential of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode more negative during galvanostatic test. Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode with the addition of 1% (mass fraction) zinc has the best electrochemical performance. The activation mechanism of zinc to Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode is as follows: The hydrolyzation of dissolved Zn²⁺ ions reduces the pH value of the solution near the surface of the anode and accelerates the dissolution of Mg(OH)₂ film; The precipitated Zn(OH)₂ with similar structure as Mg(OH)₂ combines with Mg(OH)₂ film easily and makes it break down.     

无铅易切削镁黄铜的组织与性能

采用熔铸、挤压、拉拔的方法生产出了以镁代铅的环保型易切削黄铜材.对易切削黄铜的微观组织进行了观察,并对其力学、化学和切削性能分别进行了研究.结果表明:镁黄铜晶内和晶间有白色和黑色的球状第二相粒子分布,该粒子为金属间化合物,具有脆而不硬的特点,对提高合金切削性能有利.半硬态镁黄铜的抗拉强度为550 MPa,屈服强度为280 MPa,延伸率为16.30%,断面收缩率为32.4%.从切削过程中切削力的大小以及切屑的形貌、大小可以判断,镁黄铜的切削性能接近于C3604铅黄铜.镁黄铜在酸中和盐中的耐蚀性均较好,比较而言耐盐性要好一些.     

科技论文写作的基本要求与常见问题

列举了科技论文的标题、摘要、正文、图表和和统一规范,为科技期刊的作者和编辑提供借鉴.     

退火工艺对Au-20Sn钎料组织的影响

采用叠轧-合金化法制备Au-20Sn钎料,研究合金化退火工艺对Au-20Sn钎料显微组织的影响。结果表明:Au/Sn界面在叠轧过程中形成AuSn4,AuSn2和AuSn三个金属间化合物(IMC)层。在200℃退火时,IMC层的厚度随退火时间的延长而逐渐增大。当退火时间延长至48 h时,IMC层发生转变,Au-20Sn钎料最终形成由ζ相(含Sn 10%～18.5%,原子分数)和δ(AuSn)相组成的均质合金。在250℃退火时,Au/Sn界面扩散速度增大,退火6 h后Au-20Sn钎料组织完全转变成ζ相+δ(AuSn)相。在270℃退火时,IMC层熔化,反应界面转变成为固-液界面,Au-20Sn钎料组织转变为脆性的(ζ’+δ)共晶组织。综合Au-20Sn钎料的性能和生产要求,得到优先退火工艺为250℃退火6 h。     

循环热处理对喷射沉积Al-27%Si合金组织和性能的影响

采用喷射沉积技术制备Al-27%Si(质量分数)合金,研究循环热处理对其组织、残余应力和力学性能的影响。采用Ansys有限元模拟结合X射线检测评估Al-27%Si合金残余热应力的分布和大小。结果表明,喷射沉积Al-27%Si合金由均匀细小的初晶Si和α-Al基体组成,初晶Si的尺寸随热循环温度升高和次数增加而增大。Ansys有限元模拟结果显示喷射沉积Al-27%Si合金增强体Si颗粒受径向拉应力,Al基体受径向压应力,平均残余热应力为121 MPa,小于X射线法测的平均残余应力131.7 MPa。Al-27%Si合金屈服强度与残余热应力、Si相形貌和大小有关。循环热处理后,当Si相形貌和尺寸相当时,材料的屈服强度随残余热应力的降低而升高;当Si相尺寸随热循环增大时,在残余应力相当的情况下材料的屈服强度降低。     

Ni-Al系、Fe-Al系和Ti_3Al金属间化合物研究进展

简要介绍了金属间化合物的熔炼与铸造工艺。论述了Ni Al系 (包括NiAl和Ni3 Al)、Fe Al系 (包括Fe3 Al和FeAl)及Ti3 Al基金属间化合物高温结构材料的研究现状和发展动态 ,分析了上述合金存在的问题及解决办法 ,介绍了它们在不同领域的潜在应用。