温度对变压器绝缘缺陷影响规律的分析及验证

本文中作者研究了温度对油浸式变压器绝缘纸老化水平的影响,开展了频域介电谱测试得出不同的试验温度下绝缘纸的电导率频域谱.推导了温度、电导率和相对介电常数之间的作用情况,并进行实例验证.     

Polymer electrets and their applications

Polymer electrets have revealed great potential application in electromechanical devices because of the low weight, large quasi-piezoelectric sensitivity, and excellent flexibility. For an electret, a permanent and macroscopic electric field exists on the surface, principally led by a macroscopic electrostatic charge on the surface or a net orientation of polar groups inside the object. Here, progress in the development of polymer electrets is reviewed. After a brief retrospect of the research courses and those typical polymer electrets that are classified into fluorine polymer and nonfluorine polymer, we present a survey on the charging methods, including corona, soft X-ray, contact, thermal and monoenergetic particle beams. The latest representative applications (i.e., power harvesting, sensors, field effect transistors, and biomedicine) based on polymer electrets are also summarized. Finally, we complete this review with a discussion on perspectives and challenges in this field.     

基于全U网络的混凝土路面裂缝检测算法

针对现有的混凝土裂缝检测算法在各种复杂环境中检测精度不够、鲁棒性不强的问题,根据深度学习理论和U-net模型,提出一种全U型网络的裂缝检测算法。首先,依照原U-net模型路线构建网络;然后,在每个池化层后都进行一次上采样,恢复其在池化层之前的特征图规格,并将其与池化之前的卷积层进行融合,将融合之后的特征图作为新的融合层与原U-net网络上采样之后的网络层进行融合;最后,为了验证算法的有效性,在测试集中进行实验。结果表明,所提算法的平均精确率可达到83.48%,召回率为85.08%,F1为84.11%,相较于原U-net分别提升了1.48%,4.68%和3.29%,在复杂环境中也能提取完整裂缝,保证了裂缝检测的鲁棒性。     

基于特征建模的TDD系统大气波导干扰控制体系研究

大气波导干扰是特定气象条件下发生的时分双工（time-division duplex，TDD）系统内干扰，是TDD移动通信系统大规模组网面临的顽疾。在总结分析大气波导干扰成因和分类等的基础上，对大气波导干扰进行建模和表征，验证了海量干扰源在时域和频域的功率集总特征，并结合大量4G/5G现网实测数据给出了典型条件下内陆波导和海面波导的量化干扰信号传播模型，对于干扰的预测和预防具有重要意义。基于干扰特征，给出了TDD系统预防大气波导干扰的帧结构与组网的4项设计原则，5G现网数据表明干扰控制方案有效，上行干扰下降10 dB以上，相关原则对于6G系统的设计也具有指导意义。     

Preparation of high-activity coal char-based catalysts from high metals containing coal gangue and lignite for catalytic decomposition of biomass tar

The potential of using high metals containing coal gangue and lignite to prepare high-activity coal char-based catalysts is investigated for effective biomass tar decomposition. Loose structure and rough surface are formed for these char-based catalysts with heterogeneous distribution of a large number of inorganic particles. In the biomass tar decomposition, the performance of the coal char-based catalysts is significantly influenced by the content of the metals in the raw materials and coal gangue char (GC) with the ash content as high as 50.80% exhibits the highest activity in this work. A high biomass tar conversion efficiency of 93.5% is achieved at 800 °C along with a significant increase in the fuel gas product. During the five-time consecutive tests, the catalytic performance of GC increases a little at the second or third times reuse and remains relatively stable, showing the remarkable stability of the catalyst in biomass tar decomposition applications.     

金针菇多糖对微冻大黄鱼及其鱼片品质变化的影响

为研究金针菇多糖（polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes，FVP）对微冻大黄鱼及鱼片在贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白性质的变化及水分分布的影响，实验分别选用0.03、0.06、0.09 g/L FVP浸渍处理大黄鱼和鱼片，以无菌水处理为对照组，分析微冻贮藏期间样品的感官指标得分、总挥发性盐基氮含量、总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性、蛋白流变学性质以及水分迁移变化规律。结果表明：FVP可有效抑制整鱼总挥发性盐基氮含量上升和感官得分的下降；减缓整鱼及鱼片在微冻过程中总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性下降和水分流失；此外FVP还能够延缓大黄鱼因腐败而出现的蛋白凝胶能力减弱。在本实验选取的多糖浓度范围内，0.09 g/L FVP处理组保鲜效果较强。该研究结果可为FVP用于水产品贮运保鲜提供理论参考。     

Improvement of characteristics and freeze-thaw durability of solidified loess based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Bio-cementation is currently applied to solidify sandy soils, but only few studies use it to cement loess soil particles. In this study, the...     

The effect of alkali metal oxide on the properties of borosilicate fireproof glass: Structure,thermal properties,viscosity, chemical stability

The purpose of the current work was to research the effect of alkali metal oxide on the structure, thermal properties, viscosity and chemical stability in the glass system (R₂O–CaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂) systematically. Because the glass would emulsify when Li₂O was added to the glass batch, this article did not discuss Li₂O. The results showed that when the amount of Na₂O was less than 4 mol.%, there was a higher interconnectivity of borate and silicate sub-networks in glass, as more mixed Si–O–B bonds were present in glass. The glass samples exhibited excellent thermal properties and chemical stabilities. As the amount of Na₂O exceeded 4 mol.%, the interconnectivity of borate and silicate sub-networks was weakened. The thermal properties and chemical stabilities of the glass samples were reduced. The connectivity of the silicate sub-network was weakened slightly as the Na/K ratio varied, and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass samples gradually increased, and the resistance to thermal shock (RTS) value gradually decreased. Moreover, the viscosity of the glass samples decreased with the ratio of Na/Si and Na/K increased.     

Pressure-induced transparency of MgO,Al2O3, AlN,and cBN ceramics at room temperature

The in situ axial X-ray diffraction patterns of four ceramic powder samples (MgO, Al₂O₃, AlN, and cBN) that were compressed in a diamond anvil cell under uniaxial non-hydrostatic conditions were recorded. The microscopic deviatoric stress as a function of the pressure was determined from the X-ray diffraction peak broadening analysis: the curves increased approximately linearly with the pressure at the initial compression stage and then levelled off under further compression. Pressure-induced transparency was observed in all of the samples under compression, and the pressure at the turning point on the curves of the microscopic deviatoric stress versus pressure corresponded to the pressure at which the samples became transparent. Analysis of the microstructural features of the pressure-induced transparent samples indicated that the compression caused the grains to fracture, and the broken grains bonded with each other. We demonstrated that the ceramics’ pressure-induced transparency was a process during which the grains were squeezed and broken, the pores were close between the grains, and the broken grains were re-bonded under compression.