Water Bloom Precursor Analysis Based on Two Direction S-Rough Set

In the field of water quality management, it is vital to determine the main precursory anomalies from the precursor of intricate water bloom in the context of a given area. In this paper, a water bloom precursor analysis method, based on two direction singular rough set, was proposed. This approach was produced on the basis of the different sections and pre-water bloom of water bloom precursor anomalies and characteristic of elements transferred in singular rough set. For testing the validity of two direction singular rough set application in water bloom precursor analysis, Xiangxi River, which is one of the typical tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir in China, was selected as study area. The result showed that compared with other indexes, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) are the most valuable indicators of water bloom in the precursory anomalies. Furthermore, regarding with water bloom precursory anomalies in Xiangxi River, most of the nutrient loading and biological community are the key indicators. Hence, this method can determine the main precursory anomaly for water bloom in the study area, which provides powerful knowledge support to water quality specialists for them to comprehensively analyze precursory anomaly so as to find out its relationship with occurrence law of water bloom.     

一种灰色模糊油田区块水驱指标评价模型

针对油田开发中的不确定因素,结合油藏开发因素中的定性化指标,提出了一种基于油田开发水驱指标的模糊综合评价模型.通过灰色关联法定量筛选影响油田开发水驱因素的九项指标,运用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,结合模糊数学中的判断矩阵实现了油田各区块的模糊综合评价.此方法不仅可以对所有区块进行总体评价,还能对各个具体区块进行精细的评价,为油田开发与管理提供了有效的指导.最后,通过实际例子验证了模型的有效性以及可行性.     

Inactivation of Bacillus cereus Spores on Red Chili Peppers Using a Combined Treatment of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide and Hot‐Air Drying

The effect of a combined treatment using aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) and hot‐air drying to inactivate Bacillus cereus spores on red chili peppers was evaluated. Ten washed and dried pepper samples, each comprising half of a single pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), were inoculated with B. cereus spore suspension. The inoculated samples were washed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL) or ClO₂ (50, 100, or 200 μg/mL) solution for 1 min and then air‐dried (25 ± 1 °C, 47 ± 1% relative humidity), which was followed by drying with hot air at 55 °C for up to 48 h. The spore populations on the samples were enumerated and their a_w and chromaticity values were measured. The spore numbers immediately after treatment with NaOCl and ClO₂ were not significantly different. A more rapid reduction in spore numbers was observed in the samples treated with ClO₂ than those treated with NaOCl during drying. A combined treatment of ClO₂ and hot‐air drying significantly reduced the spore populations to below the detection limit (1.7 log CFU/sample). B. cereus spores on chili peppers were successfully inactivated by washing with ClO₂ solution followed by hot‐air drying whereas the pepper color was maintained.     

Phase Transitions and Electrical Properties of (Na1−xKx)(Nb1−ySby)O3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics With a MnO2 Sintering Aid

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (Na_{1− x} K _x )(Nb_{1− y} Sb _y )O₃+ z mol% MnO₂ have been prepared by a conventional solid-state sintering technique. Our results reveal that Sb⁵⁺ diffuses into the K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ lattices to form a solid solution with a single-phase orthorhombic perovskite structure. The partial substitution of Sb⁵⁺ for B-site ion Nb⁵⁺ decreases the paraelectric cubic-ferroelectric tetragonal phase transition ( T _c) and the ferroelectric tetragonal-ferroelectric orthorhombic phase transition ( T _O–F), and retains strong ferroelectricity. A small amount of MnO₂ is enough to improve the densification of the ceramics. The co-effects of MnO₂ doping and Sb substitution lead to significant improvements in ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The ceramics with x =0.45–0.525, y =0.06–0.08, and z =0.5–1 exhibit excellent ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties: d ₃₃=163–204 pC/N, k _P=0.47–0.51, k _t=0.46–0.52, ɛ=640–1053, tan δ=1.3–3.0%, P _r=18.1–22.6 μC/cm², E _c=0.72–0.98 kV/mm, and T _C=269°–314°C.     

结合商业模式探索物联网控制技术课程创新的改革策略

物联网控制技术是物联网系统高效应用的核心技术,商业模式是物联网行业发展的重要驱动,两者之间存在一定的联系.将物联网控制技术和商业模式相结合,有望拓展物联网的创新空间,促进教育和相关产业发展.本文从商业模式与物联网控制技术结合的视角,探讨物联网控制技术课程在理论内容、实验教学、实训方案等方面的改革策略,以提高学生创新和综合应用能力,提升课程教学质量.     

热泵精馏在三氯氢硅提纯过程中的模拟

运用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus,选用NRTL-RK物性模型和RADFRAC精馏模型,对三氯氢硅精馏塔的两种热泵流程进行了模拟计算,分别是塔顶气体直接压缩式和塔釜液体闪蒸再沸式热泵精馏。对比热泵精馏流程和常规精馏流程,结果表明：对三氯氢硅提纯而言,塔釜液体闪蒸再沸式热泵流程更有利。本研究采用双塔串行流程提纯三氯氢硅,运用塔釜液体闪蒸再沸式热泵精馏技术,优化后的主要操作参数为：T1塔回流比20,节流阀压力180 kPa,压缩机出口压力309 kPa;T2塔回流比5,节流阀压力227 kPa,压缩机出口压力310 kPa。优化后三氯氢硅的一次收率为88.75%,纯度超过99.9999%;在处理量相同情况下,与常规精馏相比,能耗费用节约82%。     

选区激光熔化IN738LC合金成形温度场的数值模拟及实验研究

通过数值模拟根据熔池热行为变化规律对选区激光熔化工艺参数进行优化,是提高成形件质量的有效手段。为此,本论文采用ANSYS的APDL语言建立了全参数化的IN738LC合金选区激光熔化过程温度场有限元分析模型,并通过单熔道成形实验对热源模型进行校核。结果表明：随着激光功率的增加或者扫描速度的减小,粉末吸收的线性能量密度不断增加,熔池中心最高温度升高,熔融金属量增加,熔道形态由不规则断续状向规则连续长条状演化;随着扫描速度的增加或者激光功率的减小,粉末吸收的线性能量密度不断下降,熔体流动能力减弱,熔池宽度与熔化穿透深度也随之减小;有限元模拟与实验结果吻合较好,当激光功率为270 W,扫描速度为1150 mm/s时,单熔道具有连续少缺陷、规则良好的成形形貌。     

Atomistic Simulation Study of Zr Segregation at the Ni3Al Grain Boundary

The embedded atom method(EAM) is applied to calculate concentration distributions of Zr, Ni and Al at a Ni3Al-3 at. pct Zr grain boundary, and the Zr-induced distortion energies at the grain boundary, the bulk and the free surface. The calculated concentration distributions show that Zr segregation is present with Al-depletion and Ni-enrichment at the grain boundary. The reason might be that at the same zone, the Zr-induced distortion energy in the site of Al is always negative and lower than that of Ni, and that the Zr-induced distortion energy in the Al site at the grain boundary is the lowest among those at all zones.     

Fast and highly-sensitive hydrogen sensing of Nb2O5 nanowires at room temperature

The single-crystalline Nb₂O₅ nanowires with tetragonal phase structures were synthesized through thermal oxidation process. The Nb₂O₅ nanowires were grown along [001] orientation and formed a layer of free-standing nanowire membrane. A pair of platinum electrodes was deposited on the surface of the nanowire layer to fabricate a Pt/Nb₂O₅ nanowire hydrogen sensor. The Pt/Nb₂O₅ nanowire hydrogen sensor exhibited fast, highly-sensitive and selective hydrogen response at room temperature, which may be attributed to the hydrogen induced interface and surface effects together with the high specific surface area of the Nb₂O₅ nanowires.