Fracture behavior of cylindrical porous alumina with pore gradient

In this study, laminated cylindrical porous alumina materials with a pore gradient along the radial direction are fabricated by combining a lower sintering temperature with the presence of an organic-former (PMMA particles). It has been proved that pore morphology can be controlled by the lamination method in the centrifugal molding technique. The fracture behavior of the porous laminated alumina with a pore gradient is investigated by using the ring compression testing. An analytical formula to account for the pore gradient is introduced to calculate fracture strength based on the curved beam theory. There are two types of fracture behavior, which are not related to the lamination process and vary with the amount of pore-former. In the case of the same porosity, a reduction in fracture strength is observed with increase in the number of laminated layers, and the minimum strength is found in continuous graded cylinders.     

A method for robot placement optimization based on two-dimensional manifold in joint space

This article addresses a method for placement determination of robotic drilling system on two-dimensional manifold in robot joint space. It has been proved that the feasibility of positioning error compensation on two-dimensional manifold, and that the continuity of the robot parameters in the two-dimensional space is the prerequisite to perform the compensation in previous study. It appears that there are bifurcations which might break the continuity of the robot parameters on the two-dimensional manifold due to improper placement. To avoid bifurcations, a performance index and a set of optimization procedure are proposed to achieve proper placement of robotic machining system. Experiments conducted on a KUKA robot have verified the effectiveness of the proposed placement optimization method. Experiment results indicated that positioning errors were significantly improved with the proposed method, which is beneficial for robotic machining accuracy.     

基于提取双选紧密特征的RGB-D显著性检测网络

针对现有算法对不同来源特征之间的交互选择关注度欠缺以及对跨模态特征提取不充分的问题,提出了一种基于提取双选紧密特征的RGB-D显著性检测网络。首先,为了筛选出能够同时增强RGB图像显著区域和深度图像显著区域的特征,引入双向选择模块(bi-directional selection module, BSM);为了解决跨模态特征提取不充分,导致算法计算冗余且精度低的问题,引入紧密提取模块(dense extraction module, DEM);最后,通过特征聚合模块(feature aggregation module, FAM)对密集特征进行级联融合,并将循环残差优化模块(recurrent residual refinement aggregation module, RAM)配合深度监督实现粗显著图的持续优化,最终得到精确的显著图。在4个广泛使用的数据集上进行的综合实验表明,本文提出的算法在4个关键指标方面优于7种现有方法。     

Enhancement of light-emitting diode reliability using silicone microsphere in encapsulant

The aim of this study was to prevent the delamination of encapsulant for light-emitting diode (LED) without sacrificing other optical performance. Silicone microsphere was employed to control the properties of shrinkage and hardness of encapsulant during curing process. The effects of microsphere in encapsulant were investigated by using the different concentration of microsphere. After curing reaction, the shrinkage percentage and hardness of both shore A and D encapsulants were reduced and reinforced, as increasing the concentration of microsphere. Despite the addition of microsphere, the LED packages fabricated without/with microsphere showed the similar initial optical efficiencies. It is because the light scattering effect compensated their small difference of refractive indexes between encapsulants and microsphere. Using the silicone microsphere, the improvement of reliability of LED packages could be achieved after 1000 h under condition of temperature (85 °C)/humidity (RH 85%). It is attributed to the synergy effects of shrinkage suppression and hardness improvement.     

Process parameters design of a three-dimensional and five-directional braided composite joint based on finite element analysis

This paper presents an analytical method for designing the configuration of composite joint with three-dimensional (3D) five-directional braided composites. Based on the analysis of 3D braided structure characteristics, the elastic properties of the 3D five-directional braided composites were determined by the volume averaging method. The effects of the braiding angle and fiber volume fraction on the elastic constants of the braided composites were also discussed. Finite element analysis on the load capacity of the 3D five-directional braided composite joint was implemented using the software ANSYS Workbench 14.0. The influence of braiding angle on the stress, strain and deformation of the composite joint under tensile loading were calculated. The results show that when the fiber volume fraction of the 3D five-directional braided preform is given, the equivalent stress of the composite joint decreases monotonically as the braiding angle increases, while the normal stress, maximum principal stress and total deformation firstly decreases and then increases. Based on the finite element analysis, we found that at the fiber volume fraction of 60%, the braiding angle within the range of 30–35° are the optimum processing parameters for the 3D five-directional braided composite joint structure that used in the tensile load 320 N condition.     

Identification and characterisation of steel corrosion using passive high frequency RFID sensors

High frequency RFID sensors are attractive in diverse applications where sensor performance is required at a low cost and dimension restriction. An approach adapting commercial passive 13.56 MHz RFID tags has been developed for sensing corrosion stage. This investigation includes balance of sensing and positioning of RFID sensors for corrosion detection by analysing real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance. With passive HF RFID sensors, real part and imaginary part of complex impedance have been extracted from the reader coil with VNA (vector network analyser) and delivering a unique capability for corrosion sensing with different atmospheric exposure time steel samples (1 month, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months). With different positioning (5–25 mm), features extraction based on the complex impedance with PCA (principal component analysis) has been designed for position-independent corrosion evaluation.     

ZnO-GO杂化材料的制备及其增强无机粘结陶瓷涂层摩擦学性能的研究

目的 通过制备氧化锌-氧化石墨烯(ZnO-GO)杂化材料并植入陶瓷涂层中,提升氧化石墨烯与涂层界面的结合强度,从而提高涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性.方法 利用一种简单的水热法制备了ZnO-GO杂化物,并通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纳米杂化材料进行表征.此外,使用溶胶凝胶法在不锈钢上制备添加不同含量ZnO-GO杂化材料的磷酸盐陶瓷涂层(CBPCs).通过磨损试验研究陶瓷涂层的磨损行为,并观察涂层的磨损形貌,探讨ZnO-GO涂层的磨损机理.结果 X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的分析结果表明,ZnO成功修饰在GO表面.ZnO-GO陶瓷涂层均匀致密,平均厚度为150μm,显微硬度为163.5～233.1 HV.在载荷为10 N、往复频率为1 Hz,持续时间为30 min的摩擦条件下,ZnO-GO复合涂层与氮化硅小球对磨的摩擦系数为0.62～0.52,磨损率为3.819×10–4～0.943×10–4 mm3/(N·m).随着含量的增加,摩擦系数下降,磨损率也减少.结论 氧化锌-氧化石墨烯杂化材料的添加可显著提升陶瓷涂层的显微硬度,并降低涂层的磨损率.     

胶原/壳聚糖抗菌海绵衬垫对三文鱼品质变化的影响

将生鲜三文鱼肉进行抗菌海绵衬垫覆PE膜包装、PP衬垫覆PE膜包装以及空白组覆PE膜包装,在4℃条件下贮藏,以感官评定、失重率、pH值、色差值、质构值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)以及菌落总数为评价指标,研究抗菌海绵衬垫对冷藏三文鱼的保鲜效果。结果显示:在贮藏期间,各组三文鱼肉的感官评分值呈下降趋势;失重率、色差值、挥发性盐基氮及菌落总数呈上升趋势;pH值呈先降低后上升的趋势。除失重率外抗菌海绵衬垫组包装的三文鱼片各项评价指标均优于PP衬垫组与空白组,抗菌海绵衬垫可延长三文鱼肉的冷藏货架期2～4d。     

Analysis of aging effects - From transistor to system level

Due to shrinking feature sizes in integrated circuits, additional reliability effects have to be considered which influence the functionality of the system. These effects can either result from the manufacturing process or external influences during the lifetime such as radiation and temperature. Additionally, modern technology nodes are affected by time-dependent degradation i.e. aging.Due to the age-dependent degradation of a circuit, processes on the atomic scale of the semiconductor material lead to charges in the oxide silicon interface of CMOS devices, altering the performance parameters of the device and subsequently the behavior of the circuit. With the continuous downscaling of modern semiconductor technologies, the impact of these atomic scale processes affecting the overall system characteristics becomes more and more critical. Therefore, aging effects need to be assessed during the design phase and actions have to be taken guaranteeing the correct system functionality throughout a system's lifetime.This work presents methods to investigate the influence of age-dependent degradation as well as process-variability on different levels. An operating-point dependent sizing methodology based on the g_m/I_D-method extended to incorporate aging, which aims at developing aging-resistent circuits is presented. Additionally, the sensitivity of circuit performances in regard to aging can be determined. In order to investigate the reliability of a complex system on behavioral level, a modeling method to represent the performance of system components in dependence of aging and process variability is introduced.     

Analysis of nonlinear heat exchange phenomena in natural convection cooled electronic systems

Thermal simulations of electronic systems usually are carried out employing linear models whose element values do not depend on temperature. The hypothesis on system linearity can be verified in practice by the summation of measured heating and cooling curves. When a considered problem is linear, at all time instants the curves always add up to the straight line corresponding to the steady state temperature value.However, the experiments carried out for a natural convection cooled power device with a heat sink showed that the temperature dependence of the heat transfer coefficient results in the appearance of a characteristic hump in this curve. A simple analytical model was developed here to predict the location of this extremum. The analyses presented in this paper are valid when the thermal time constant reflecting the thermal capacitance of a heat sink and the heat exchange with ambient is dominant.