竹叶抗氧化物对冷藏三文鱼片新鲜度的影响

研究竹叶抗氧化物对三文鱼贮藏过程中品质变化的影响。将三文鱼片浸渍于0.2%竹叶抗氧化物溶液中,0℃条件下贮藏。以感官评定、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、p H值、K值及TBA为评价指标,研究竹叶抗氧化物对冷藏三文鱼的保鲜效果。结果显示:在贮藏期间,三文鱼片的感官评分值呈下降趋势;菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)及K值均随时间的延长呈上升趋势;TBA虽规律性不强,但大体呈上升趋势;p H值呈先降低后上升的趋势。浸泡0.2%竹叶抗氧化物的三文鱼片各项评价指标均低于对照组,感官评分值优于空白对照组,可使三文鱼片的冷藏货架期延长2 d~4 d。     

软包装材料对鲜羊肉品质的影响

以新鲜羊肉为原料,研究真空包装条件下,4种包装材料对鲜羊肉贮藏过程中综合感官指标、色泽、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮等代表品质因素的关键性技术指标的影响.结果表明,在包装材料厚度相同、贮藏温度相同的条件下,PA/CPP包装组在感官品质明显优于其它3种包装组,菌落总数、pH值、挥发性盐基氮值、汁液流失率均低于其它3组包装,色差仪数值a*较其它3组包装高;4种包装材料的保鲜效果依次为:PA/CPP>OPP/CPP>PET/AL/PE>PA/PE.     

0℃冷藏三文鱼片新鲜度综合评价

对0℃贮藏的三文鱼片的理化指标和微生物指标【包括挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、2-硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、p H值、色差值、菌落总数】进行定期测定,用电子鼻分析其挥发性气味组分(包括主成分分析、负荷加载分析以及线性判别分析);结合感官评价,探究冷藏条件下三文鱼片新鲜度的变化规律。试验结果表明:0℃贮藏的三文鱼片的TVB-N值、TBA值、菌落总数都随贮藏时间的延长而增大;p H值先降低后增高;色差值L*值先增加后减小再增加,a*值与b*值与其相反;总色差值则先增加后减小;感官评定分数一直下降。采用电子鼻能很好地区分不同贮藏时间的三文鱼片,各理化指标间有很好的对应关系(P0.01)。     

冰温保鲜对牛肉品质特性影响的研究

为探讨冰温保鲜对牛肉品质特性的影响,设定-1℃冰温贮藏,并以4℃冷藏为对照,测定肉样的色差（a*值、L*值）、pH值、汁液流出率、蒸煮损失率、挥发性盐基氮、剪切力和菌落总数,并对肉品进行感官评分。结果显示：-1℃冰温组的色差a*值和L*值、蒸煮损失率、剪切力和感官评分整体上均高于4℃冷藏组,在销售过程中更容易被消费者接受;-1℃冰温组的pH值、汁液流出率、挥发性盐基氮和菌落总数整体上均低于4℃冷藏组,可将肉品的货架期有效延长3 d。因此,冰温贮藏可有效保持肉品的品质,具有明显的保鲜效果。     

冷藏物流过程中温度变化对三文鱼品质的影响

为了研究冷藏物流过程中温度变化对三文鱼品质的影响,实验模拟4种不同的物流过程,测定三文鱼肉的感官、pH值、色差、失重率、TVB-N、菌落总数以及K值。结果表明:三文鱼肉的品质受冷藏物流过程中温度变化影响显著,贮运及销售过程始终在0℃能够使三文鱼肉保持较好的品质;贮运过程中经历温度变化的三文鱼肉在销售、消费期间品质显著下降。由此得出,冷藏物流过程中温度变化及变化频率对三文鱼肉品质的影响很大,因此应尽量避免贮运期间的温度波动。     

不同冷藏温度对白斑狗鱼品质变化的影响

以白斑狗鱼为研究对象,在-4、0、4℃3种贮藏温度下,对其物理(质构、失重率、色差值、持水率),化学(挥发性盐基氮值、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸值、肌原纤维蛋白及肌浆蛋白含量),感官及微生物指标进行测定,从而揭示其品质变化规律。结果表明:随着贮藏温度的升高及贮藏时间的延长,白斑狗鱼的各项指标都呈现出不同程度的变化。样品的失重率、色差值、挥发性盐基氮值、硫代巴比妥酸值及菌落总数指标随着储藏温度的上升而增加且温度越高增加速率越大;样品的质构、持水率、肌原纤维蛋白及肌浆蛋白含量及感官品质理化指标呈现下降的趋势;样品的p H值呈现出先下降后升高的变化特性。以上白斑狗鱼各项指标值可为今后冷水鱼的冷藏和冷链运输提供理论参考。     

紫苏叶水提物对调理脆肉鲩鱼片冷藏过程中品质的影响

为研究紫苏叶水提物对脆肉鲩鱼片冷藏过程中品质的影响,将脆肉鲩鱼片置于紫苏叶水提物中浸泡腌制,通过对脆肉鲩生鱼片和熟鱼片在冷藏过程中的质构、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数、感官评定等变化规律进行分析。结果表明:紫苏叶水提物对脆肉鲩鱼片贮藏过程中的TBA值、TVB-N值、菌落总数增长有显著抑制作用(p0.05),其中,生鱼片冷藏12 d TBA值为0.167 mg/100 g;熟鱼片冷藏过程TVB-N值均小于国标规定的二级鲜度;贮藏12 d生鱼片菌落总数为6.17 log CFU/g,达到水产品规定的货架期终点;冷藏过程感官评分缓慢下降,失重率不断升高;质构分析表明,鱼片硬度和咀嚼性均呈下降趋势。结论:紫苏叶水提物能有效抑制脆肉鲩鱼片冷藏过程中的脂肪氧化和腐败微生物的生长,明显延缓鱼片的腐败变质。     

冬凌草甲素/壳聚糖复合膜对冰鲜鸡胸肉的保鲜效果

制备了冬凌草甲素/壳聚糖(OR-CS)复合膜,考察了其对冰鲜鸡胸肉的保鲜效果。将复合膜覆盖于鸡胸肉表面,复合膜外再包被一层保鲜膜,4℃贮藏,检测贮藏过程中鸡胸肉的pH、色度、保水性、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N值)、菌落总数、感官质量的变化。试验结果表明,通过OR-CS复合膜处理的冰鲜鸡胸肉能显著延缓贮藏期间的pH值、菌落总数、TVB-N含量和汁液损失率的上升。OR-CS复合膜包装组使冰鲜鸡胸肉的货架期由4 d(对照组)延长至9 d;此外,通过色差测定和感官评定,OR-CS包装组可以更好地保持冰鲜鸡胸肉的品质和色泽,在贮藏期间能有效延缓肉表面亮度的减弱,显著改善了肉的颜色、气味、黏度和弹性。     

可降解包装材料对冷鲜驼肉品质的影响

以聚(L-乳酸)/聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PLLA/PPC/PBAT)可降解薄膜为试验组,以尼龙/聚乙烯(PA/PE)薄膜及无包装作为对照组,分别对新鲜骆驼肉进行真空包装后,在(2~4)℃贮藏期间对其菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、硫代巴比妥酸、p H、系水力、剪切力、色差等指标进行了检测分析。结果表明,PLLA/PPC/PBAT可降解薄膜包装组的新鲜骆驼肉的菌落总数、p H值、挥发性盐基氮、硫代巴比妥酸值均低于其他2组,系水力、色泽、剪切力指标优于其他2组。因此,PLLA/PPC/PBAT可降解薄膜用于骆驼肉的冷鲜包装,可有效延缓骆驼肉的腐败变质,提高肉的品质。     

气调包装结合迷迭香提取物对冷鲜羊肉品质变化的影响

羊肉的贮藏保鲜不仅可以延长货架期,同时可以扩大销售半径,从而带来更高的经济效益。因此研究以冷鲜羊肉为材料,评价迷迭香提取物和CO2气调包装结合使用与分别单独使用的效果。实验分为4组,分别是真空组、迷迭香真空组、气调组和迷迭香气调组,对冷鲜羊肉的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、pH、色差值以及感官评价进行测定。研究结果表明,迷迭香气调组在4℃冷藏28 d时挥发性盐基氮值低于20.0 mg/100 g,显著低于其他3组(p0.05)。贮存35 d时,迷迭香气调组菌落总数未超过10~7 CFU/g,pH6.30,红度值4.98,这3项指标及感官评价结果均显著优于其他3组;因此研究发现使用迷迭香提取物结合高浓度CO_2气调包装,可以显著延长冷鲜羊肉的货架期,对于羊肉贮藏保鲜方法的开发具有重要意义。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status