Experimental investigation of the normal spectral emissivity and other thermophysical properties of pulse-heated Ni-Ti and Au-Ni alloys into the liquid phase

1. Introduction Metal working industry needs accurate thermo- physical properties of liquid metals and alloys as input data for different simulation routines to im- prove the performance of their products. Within this paper we continue the systematic investigation of the dependence of emissivity of binary alloys on the relative concentration of the constituent elements (for a previous paper see [1]). 2. Experimental method A fast ohmic pulse heating technique is applied to heat metallic wire-s…     

理想拓扑扩张的正则性

理想可以扩展为一个拓扑空间,此种扩展拓扑空间的正则性有非常重要的研究价值．对一类特殊的理想I来说,经此理想扩展的拓扑空间是不能正则的,除非扩展的拓扑与原拓扑一致,即对任何无孤立点的拓扑空间（X,T）和X上的一个理想J,如果J中每个元素内部为空,那么由{U＼I：U∈T,I∈I）生成的理想拓扑T。是正则的当且仅当I中的每个元都是（X,T）中的闲集（或者等价地T=T）．     

PtIr alloy nanowire assembly on carbon cloth as advanced anode catalysts for methanol oxidation

The interconnecred PtIr alloy nanowires were uniformly deposited on carbon cloth via One-step wet chemistry method, which diameter is averaged to be 5 nm with a length of 50–200 nm. The carbon cloth supported PtIr nanowire assembly (PtIr NA/CC) shows a larger electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) due to its 3D nanostructure and a high CO-resistance as a result from the synergistic effect of PtIr alloy. The PtIr NA/CC exhibits an extremely high mass activity and a reliable long-term stability toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The superior catalytic performance on MOR can match and even surpass those best Pt-based nanowires reported recently in the literature.     

VO2·0.2H2O nanocuboids anchored onto graphene sheets as the cathode material for ultrahigh capacity aqueous zinc ion batteries

Aqueous Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), using zinc negative electrode and aqueous electrolyte, have attracted great attention in energy storage field due to the reliable safety and low-cost. A composite material comprised of VO₂·0.2H₂O nanocuboids anchored on graphene sheets (VOG) is synthesized through a facile and efficient microwave-assisted solvothermal strategy and is used as aqueous ZIBs cathode material. Owing to the synergistic effects between the high conductivity of graphene sheets and the desirable structural features of VO₂·0.2H₂O nanocuboids, the VOG electrode has excellent electronic and ionic transport ability, resulting in superior Zn ions storage performance. The Zn/VOG system delivers ultrahigh specific capacity of 423 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.25 A·g⁻¹ and exhibits good cycling stability of up to 1,000 cycles at 8 A·g⁻¹ with 87% capacity retention. Systematical structural and elemental characterizations confirm that the interlayer space of VO₂·0.2H₂O nanocuboids can adapt to the reversible Zn ions insertion/extraction. The as-prepared VOG composite is a promising cathode material with remarkable electrochemical performance for low-cost and safe aqueous rechargeable ZIBs.

     

In situ direct growth of flower-like hierarchical architecture of CoNi-layered double hydroxide on Ni foam as an efficient self-supported oxygen evolution electrocatalyst

Exploring economical, efficient and robust electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the key issues in water splitting technology. Nanostructure engineering of electrocatalysts and hybridizing active species with a conductive support represent powerful strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we report a facile one-step solvothermal method to directly grow 3D CoNi-layered double hydroxide (LDH) flower-like architectures onto porous and conductive Ni foam (NF) substrate (denoted as CoNi-LDH(2:1)@NF hereafter). The flower-like hierarchical architecture of CoNi-LDHs with open configurations endows CoNi-LDH microflowers with sufficient accessible active sites and efficient mass diffusion paths. Moreover, the in situ direct growth manner ensures an intimate contact between the electroactive CoNi-LDHs and NF substrate and thus the charge transfer resistance is reduced. Consequently, the as-formed self-supported and binder-free electrode of CoNi-LDH(2:1)@NF exhibits an outstanding OER performance with a small overpotential of 283 mV at a relatively large current density of 50 mA cm⁻² and a remarkable long-term electrochemical durability in 0.1 M KOH solution, holding great promise in practical scale-up water electrolysis. The present study may open a new avenue to design and fabricate cost-effective and high-efficiency electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.     

改进Landweber电阻层析成像图像重建算法

为了克服电阻层析成像系统不适定性的影响,提高图像重建质量,提出一种改进Landweber电阻层析成像图像重建算法。利用基于粒子群算法的改进遗传算法,对敏感场均匀分布时灵敏度矩阵进行预处理,降低其条件数,改善其病态性,并应用于两相流典型流型图像重建。仿真实验结果表明,改进算法可将敏感场均匀分布时灵敏度矩阵条件数降低98.15%,有效提高了图像重建质量。     

蛹拟青霉发酵金针菇菇柄过程中主要活性物质及抗氧化活性的动态变化

以金针菇废菇柄为研究材料,利用蛹拟青霉为发酵菌种,对金针菇废菇柄进行了双向固体发酵。研究了金针菇菇柄发酵菌质多糖、虫草素、虫草酸、蛋白质、氨基酸等活性物质和发酵菌质总还原力和对自由基的清除能力随发酵时间的变化。试验结果表明,发酵菌质中活性物质出现了峰谷变化,在发酵中期随着时间的增加物质含量逐渐增加,与对照组相比,主要成分和抗氧化能力均有大幅度增加,两者具有显著差异。各种活性物质达到最大的发酵时间略有不同,蛹拟青霉发酵金针菇菌质多糖、虫草素、虫草酸含量在发酵28 d时达到最高,分别为:717.68 mg/g、90.9μg/g和25.6 mg/g,分别是对照组的1.92倍、90.9倍和2.34倍;蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别在21 d和24 d达到最高,分别为396.6 mg/g和230.88 mg/g,分别是对照组的2.39倍和4.52倍。发酵菌质的总还原力在21 d^28 d达到最高,且基本稳定。金针菇菇柄发酵菌质的清除DPPH自由基能力在28 d最高,达到72.37%,比未发酵菌质清除DPPH自由基的能力提高了59.5%。     

Improved low-temperature activity of Ni–Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with layer structural precursor prepared by cold plasma for CO2 methanation

Ni–Ce/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst (Ni–Ce-LDH-P) derived from LDHs was synthesized on γ-Al₂O₃. Plasma technology was employed to its preparation process. Impregnation method and thermal calcination and reduction technology were used to prepare reference catalysts (Ni–Ce-LDH-C, Ni–Ce-P and Ni–Ce-C). CO₂ methanation was chosen as the probe reaction. XRD, BET, SEM, TEM and CO₂-TPD were used to characterize the microstructure and properties of catalyst. Experimental results showed that Ni–Ce-LDH-P catalyst with smaller Ni size, better Ni dispersion and higher alkalinity exhibited outstanding low-temperature activity at range of 200–350 °C. Characterization results showed that the precursor of Ni–Ce-LDH-P catalyst presented in lamellar shape, inferring the formation of chemical bonds among Ni, Ce and Al (from γ-Al₂O₃). It is the chemical bonds that improved the dispersion of Ni crystal and the interaction between Ni and γ-Al₂O₃. Meanwhile, the plasma technology with relatively low temperature prevented the sintering and agglomeration of Ni during the preparation process. Therefore, the excellent performance of Ni–Ce-LDH-P catalyst should be ascribed to the synergy of the unique lamellar structure and the special characteristics of “high energy at relatively low temperature” of plasma technology.     

正构烷基酚热力学性质的构效关系

选取了150种正构烷基酚的热力学性质作为分析对象。为了研究热力学性质的构效关系, 引入并简化了主量子拓扑指数⁰P、¹P。考虑到分子对称性对热力学性质的影响, 为了方便量化对称程度, 将烷基作为类原子处理, 定义了烷基的折算点价和烷基相似度的计算方法, 借助矩阵形式计算了烷基酚分子对称特征指数Q。将⁰P、¹P、Q与苯环上烷基的数目T、苯环上相邻烷基的对数B作为分子描述符, 利用方差膨胀因子VIF进行筛选, 确定¹P、T、B、Q作为构效关系模型的自变量。采用最佳变量子集回归方法, 并根据Akaike信息判据、Kubinyi函数建立了热力学性质定量构效关系模型, 所有模型的相关系数均大于99%, 甚至达到100%。采用交叉验证方法对模型的稳健性和预测能力进行了检验, 结果表明所建模型具有良好的稳健性和预测能力。     

改进遗传算法的ERT有限元网格节点编号优化

在电阻层析成像中,有限元网格节点编号对整体刚度矩阵的带宽具有重要决定性的作用,而整体刚度矩阵的带宽直接决定了数据的存储量以及求解方程组的计算量。为了提高电阻层析成像中有限元的计算效率,减少数据存储量,利用改进遗传算法,对电阻层析成像中两种典型拓扑结构的有限元模型节点编号进行优化。实验结果表明,与常用节点编号规则相比,利用改进遗传算法可得到更优的带宽值,从而节省了计算机的内存空间,提高了计算效率。