Effects of gradient structure on the microstructures and properties of coated cemented carbides

The effects of gradient structure on the microstructure and properties of coated cemented carbides were researched with optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, strength measurements, and cutting tests. It shows that vacuum sintering of WC-Ti（C, N）-TaC-Co cemented carbides results in the formation of a surface ductile zone. The ductile zone prevents crack propagation and leads to the increase of transverse rupture strength of the substrate. The impact resistance of coated gradient inserts was obviously improved on the basis of maintaining resistance to abrasion and the forming mechanism of the gradient structure was also analyzed.     

Effect of WC content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al-bonded cermets

The effect of WC content on microstructure and mechanical properties of the TiC–Ni₃Al system cermets was investigated. Ni₃Al-bonded cermets showed a core–rim structure with carbide particle coupled with rim embedded in Ni₃Al binder. With WC content increasing, TiC grains were refined and the white rim became complete and got thicker gradually. Interface between core and rim showed a completely coherent relationship. The rim enriched in W constituted an ideal coherence between hard phase and Ni₃Al binder phase. With WC content increasing, the densification of cermets was enhanced, and hardness and TRS were increased firstly and then reduced, reaching peak values 90.9 HRA (HV₃₀ 15 GPa) and 1629 MPa, respectively in cermet N5 (25 wt% WC). Similarly, fracture toughness got a peak value (11.6 MPa m^1/2), at the composition with 20 wt% WC.     

Erosion wear of CrN,TiN, CrAlN,and TiAlN PVD nitride coatings

Four nitride coatings (CrN, ZrN, CrAlN, and TiAlN) were deposited on YT15 cemented carbide by cathode arc-evaporation technique. Microstructural and fundamental properties of these nitride coatings were examined. Erosion wear tests were carried out, the erosion wear of these nitride coatings caused by abrasive particle impact was compared by determining the wear depth and the erosion rates of the coatings. The wear surface features were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the coatings with Al (CrAlN and TiAlN) exhibited higher erosion wear resistance over those without Al (CrN and TiN). The H³/E² of the coating seemed to play an important role with respect to its erosion wear in erosion tests. AlTiN and CrAlN coatings being with high H³/E² exhibited lower erosion rates, while CrN coating with low H³/E² showed higher erosion rates under the same test conditions. Analysis of eroded surface of the coatings demonstrated that the TiN and CrN coatings exhibited a typical brittle fracture induced removal process, while AlTiN and CrAlN coatings showed mainly micro cutting and cycle fatigue fracture of material removal mode.     

硬质合金刀片清洗及表面腐蚀的研究

研究了硬质合金刀片清洗过程中的各个工艺参数,分析影响合金腐蚀的主要因素。采用SEM、EDS技术对刀片进行了组织结构和成分的分析。研究表明:碱性清洗液对合金表面的腐蚀最弱,提高清洗液的温度,酸性条件下腐蚀程度变化明显,硬质合金里各种立方碳化物的加入,能够提高合金表面的耐腐蚀性,表面钴含量(文中含量均为质量分数)不同的合金表面腐蚀程度无显著变化,随着清洗液浸泡时间的延长,腐蚀程度逐渐加强。     

钨钴复合粉在流态化床中的碳化反应过程研究

将钨钴复合氧化物置于自主研发的高温流态化床中,采用氢气作为还原剂,经过还原反应后得到类金属化合物-钨钴复合粉(Co7W6和W),再加入炭黑进行碳化反应,得到最终产品碳化钨钴复合粉。试验过程进行实时在线取样,对样品进行相组成和Co、C、O、N等元素含量分析。研究结果发现,碳化过程非常迅速,其中类金属化合物Co7W6按照Co7W6→Co6W6C→Co3W3C→WC进行碳化,单质金属W是按照W→W2C→WC进行碳化,并且W2C比Co3W3C更易碳化。同进还发现,不需要经过CoW3C相可以实现完全碳化。     

Si掺杂对Al-Ti-N涂层的结构、力学性能和抗氧化性能的影响

采用阴极弧蒸发技术在Al2O3、低合金钢和硬质合金刀片上沉积Ti与Al原子比相近的Al-Ti-N和Al-Ti-Si-N涂层,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、纳米压痕、划痕实验和氧化实验,研究Si掺杂对Al-Ti-N涂层的结构、力学性能和抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:Al-Ti-N涂层为以立方为主的立方和六方的两相结构,Si掺杂可降低TiN中Al的固溶度,使涂层转化为以六方为主的六方和立方的两相结构;Si的加入导致涂层硬度由34.5 GPa降到28.7 GPa;Si掺杂引起涂层的应力增加,从而导致涂层与基体的结合强度降低;Al-Ti-N涂层的抗氧化性能随Si的加入而显著改善,抗氧化温度提高到1 000℃以上。     

Ti1-xAlxN涂层LPCVD过程模拟中的热力学计算

本文通过Thermo-Calc相图热力学计算软件建立了包含亚稳Fcc—Ti1-xAlxN相的Ti-Al-N三元体系的热力学模型,并对Ti1-xAlxN涂层的LPCVD（Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition）过程进行了计算模拟。研究了AlCl3,NH3和H2等反应气体成分变化对涂层中的Al含量的影响,理论预测结果与文献报道的实验结果吻合良好。利用计算模拟手段探究了富A1—Ti1-xAlxN涂层的沉积过程,并预测了富Al—Ti1-xAlxN涂层中的Al含量随反应气体成分以及沉积温度改变的变化情况。发现适当增加AlCl3、NH3／H2值及沉积温度均可提高涂层中的Al含量。     

低碳钢表面改性用耐磨无机涂层的研究

文章介绍了运用磷化技术和溶胶一凝胶技术，在AlCl3＋Al的水解体系中制备得到Al（OH），凝胶，经烧成后在低碳钢表面形成活性Al2O3涂层。实验分析了磷化时间、涂覆溶胶中Al（On），浓度以及涂层的厚度等对无机涂层与基体结合力的影响。同时运用X衍射分析与视频显微镜对基底表面包覆的Al2O3涂层的形成过程、形貌、相结构等进行表征和分析。实验结果表明通过磷化作用后的金属基底表面能转变成一种易于跟Al2O3涂层结合的磷酸盐薄膜，能有效地增强Al2O3溶胶与金属载体的附着力，使其表面形成均匀的致密氧化铝薄膜涂层。     

梯度硬质合金及耐磨涂层的计算模拟和实验验证

建立了多组元硬质合金W-C-Co-Ti-Cr-Ta-Nb-N体系热力学及动力学基因库。利用所建立的热力学及扩散动力学基因库,模拟了WC-Ti(C,N)-TaC-Co硬质合金梯度层形成过程,计算所得各相体积分数及组元成分与实验结果相吻合。采用SEM和EDS等方法对不同N气氛下梯度烧结所获得的WC-Ti(C,N)-Co梯度硬质合金进行了合金表面组元成分分布测定,并对样品梯度层的形成进行了模拟,模拟能很好地描述实验结果。基于第一原理计算和实验对广泛应用的三元Ti-Al-N耐磨涂层体系的结构、力学、热力学性质和调幅分解曲线,以及调幅分解析出立方二元氮化物的性能进行了研究。计算结果与已有实验值符合较好,可为高性能硬质合金和多元涂层的开发设计提供理论指导。最后提出了硬质合金及耐磨涂层研发的基因框图。