A dotted nanowire arrayed by 5 nm sized palladium and nickel composite nanopaticles showing significant electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report the preparation of a dotted nanowire arrayed by 5 nm sized palladium and nickel composite nanoparticles (denoted as Pd_xNi_y NPs) via a hydrothermal method using NU and PdO·H₂O as the starting materials. The samples prepared at the mass ratio of NU to PdO·H₂O 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 were, respectively, nominated as catalyst c₁, c₂ and c₃. The chemical compositions of all synthesized catalysts were mainly studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), revealing that metallic Ni was one main component of all prepared catalysts. Surprisingly, the main diffraction peaks appearing in the XRD patterns of all prepared catalysts were assigned to the metallic Ni rather than the metallic Pd. Very interestingly, as indicated by the TEM images, a large number of dotted nanowires arrayed by numerous equidistant 5 nm sized nanoparticles were distinctly exhibited in catalyst c₁. More importantly, when being used as electrocatalysts for EOR, all prepared catalysts exhibited an evident electrocatalytic activity towards EOR. In the cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the peak current density of the forward peak of EOR on catalyst c₁ measured at 50 mV s^?1 was as high as 56.1 mA cm^?2, being almost 9 times higher than that of EOR on catalyst c₃ (6.3 mA cm^?2). Particularly, the polarized current density of EOR on catalyst c₁ at 3600 s, as indicated by the chronoamperometry (CA) experiment, was still maintained to be around 1.47 mA cm^?2, a value higher than the latest reported data of 1.3 mA cm^?2 (measured on the pure Pd/C electrode). Presenting a novel method to prepare dotted nanowires arranged by 5 nm sized nanoparticles and showing the significant eletrocatalytic activities of the newly prepared dotted nanowires towards EOR were the major contributions of this preliminary work.     

A review of the existing performance verification infrastructure for micro-CMMs

The performance verification of micro-CMMs is now of intense interest because of their capability to perform length measurements in three dimensions to high accuracy with low uncertainties. Currently, verification of micro-CMMs is completed in the spirit of existing specification standards, because strict adherence to these standards is often difficult. This review aims to present and discuss verification techniques available for micro-CMMs: specification standards, existing calibrated test lengths and traceability routes that can be associated with micro-CMMs. Three specification standards used in the testing of CMMs will be considered. In addition, a wide range of calibrated test lengths are reported, and any advantages and disadvantages associated with their use are discussed. It is concluded that micro-CMMs cannot yet be verified in accordance with existing specification standards. Suggestions are made for future standardisation work required to rectify these issues.     

烟道流量计量标准装置

为了解决我国烟道流量计的量值溯源问题,中国计量科学研究院建立了烟道流量计量标准装置。装置使用可溯源至标准转盘的激光多普勒测速仪作为原级标准器,采用激光多普勒流速剖面扫描和超声流量计波动修正的方式测量标准流量,经校准的8声道超声流量计为工作级标准表,具备了908~104840m3/h的测量能力,扩展不确定度为0.62%(k=2),可对最大口径为1m的流量计进行校准。装置下游测试段包括圆形管段和矩形管段,能够开展烟道流量计测量性能的研究。     

Improved Repeatability of Pulsed Field Magnetometry Measurements Through Peltier Effect Temperature Control of Measurement Coils

Pulsed Field Magnetometers (PFMs) offer a method for high speed full loop characterisation of hard magnetic materials. As there is no dependency on iron to close a circuit, the repeatability of the technique is good. By utilising Peltier effect techniques to control the temperature of the measurement coil systems employed in a Pulsed Field Magnetometer, the level of repeatability of measurements can be significantly improved.     

高精度标准单晶硅球直径测量系统的研究

为建立我国高准确度固体密度基准和质量自然基准,对高精度标准单晶硅球直径测量系统进行了研究.论述了平面波前激光干涉法测量直径的原理和方法,分析了相移扫描、温度测量控制、以及硅球体积计算等系统的关键组成部分,并给出了各部分的实验结果.理论分析和实验结果表明,整个直径测量系统目前的不确定度为3 nm.     

基于图像处理的自动聚焦技术及应用

自动聚焦技术是提高压痕直径测量系统测量精度、智能化和自动化的重要手段.介绍了采用图像处理法实现压痕直径测量系统的自动聚焦技术,核心就是选择一个合适的图像清晰度评价函数.在研究了众多图像清晰度评价函数的基础上,提出了基于向量模型和改进DCT变换的图像清晰度评价函数,实验表明,提出的算法具有良好的单峰性、准确性、稳定性、可靠性和快速性.最后通过基于COM组件技术的Matlab与VB混合编程来保证算法实现和软件设计.     

具有非惯量负载转矩补偿功能的伺服永磁同步电机控制方法

通过电机运动学方程建立以负载惯量、黏性阻尼系数、负载重力力矩和负载初始位置角度为需辨识参数的拟合模型函数式,通过基于该模型函数的非线性回归方法拟合得到这四个参数,从而得到非惯量的负载转矩,使其前馈补偿经典电机PI控制方法中的电流环,实现对时变负载转矩的补偿。仿真结果验证了该方法能使速度响应较快跟踪输入的速度命令,避免较大速度误差的出现。     

数字示波器宽带探头系统的校准研究

微波射频芯片进行时域测量时,数字示波器的宽带探头是测试芯片的一个关键子系统,为准确测量芯片,必须要清楚示 波器探头系统的传输性能。 为此,设计了一种包含接地共面波导的数字示波器宽带探头校准系统,依据校准系统的信号传输特 性,用反卷积求出数字示波器宽带探头系统的频率响应,并计算其带宽,以实现对该探头系统的校准。 之后用该方法对 Keysight Infiniimax 高频差分有源探头系统进行了校准,得到其带宽数值约为 12 GHz 与标称带宽 12 GHz 相符,表明设计的校准系统合 理可行。     

基于光线追迹法的低温辐射计光吸收腔设计

当前,工作在液氦温度的低温辐射计可以有效规避电路系统中非自发加热带来的误差,是国际上精度最高的光功率计量设备。理想低温辐射计在工作过程中,其核心器件-吸收腔对相同的热功率与电功率应当表现出相同的温升。然而对于实际情况,由于吸收腔涂层中复杂的光-物质相互作用,系统的光-电加热路径难以重合,黑体腔热传导分布的梯度差异导致误差的产生。当前国际上对光电不等效性产生的影响仍缺乏直观清晰的认知。在此,利用蒙特卡洛光线追迹方法,文中对低温辐射计吸收腔辐照度的空间分布进行了仿真。计算表明:当吸收腔斜底角控制在60°,涂层吸收率达到0.95时,系统在激光进入的第一次与第二次反射中分别吸收了98%与1.9%的能量,比例约为51.2∶1。通过在吸收腔斜底板和下侧面同时布置加热器,可实现光加热、电加热路径的耦合。进一步地,通过分别计算单加热器与双加热器布置下系统温度随时间的变化,文中证明了加热路径的不同将引入约为0.005%的光电不等效性。     

基于3D打印技术的眼科OCT设备计量校准装置研制

为了评估眼科光学相干断层成像（OCT）设备的分辨率、视场角、图像匹配度、深度测量准确性等多个关键参数,确保设备输出量值的准确性与有效性,设计并研制了一种模拟真实人眼结构且参数可溯源的模拟眼,包含角膜和晶状体等人眼主要屈光结构。设计并依托3D打印技术加工了用于横向与轴向分辨率检测的三维分辨率板;设计加工了用于视场角检测的阶梯状同心圆环结构;同时设计加工了用于图像匹配度检测的交叉光纤组件和用于深度测量准确性参数检测的平行玻璃板组件,可适配于模拟眼眼底凹槽内。使用共焦拉曼显微镜对三维分辨率板尺寸溯源,横向和轴向最小可检测分辨率分别为9.7 μm和5.7 μm;使用尼康投影仪对同心圆环尺寸及光纤直径溯源,最大可检测视场角109.03°以及最小62.5 μm的图像匹配度检测;使用尼康高度计对平行玻璃板中心厚度溯源,其测量不确定度小于5 μm。经过对商用眼科OCT设备测试表明,结合微纳3D打印技术的计量校准用模拟眼具有精度高、集成度高、适用范围广、稳定性强等优点,适用于眼科OCT设备的计量校准。