烧结工艺对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,利用金相图像分析系统和扫描电镜观察陶瓷表面孔洞和微观组织形貌,分析了热处理和烧结气氛工艺对不同碳氮比的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响.结果表明:真空烧结后的热处理工艺可使Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的横向断裂强度提高10%以上,硬度也有不同程度的提高,其中Ti(C0.5 N0.5)基金属陶瓷适合采用低压工艺处理,Ti(C0.7 N0.3)基金属陶瓷适合采用热等静压工艺处理.氮气气氛烧结中,Ti(C0.5 N0.5)基金属陶瓷在氮分压值为2kPa时的横向断裂强度达到最大值,而硬度变化不明显,这可归因于合适的氮分压阻碍了金属陶瓷内氮化物的分解,提高了材料的致密度,细化了晶粒组织.     

Non-interactive multisignatures in the plain public-key model with efficient verification

Multisignatures extend standard digital signatures to allow an ad hoc set of users to jointly sign a message. Multisignature schemes are often evaluated from the following perspectives: (1) the cryptographic assumptions underlying the schemes; (2) the operational assumptions about the bootstrapping of the schemes in practice; (3) the number of communication rounds for signing a message; (4) the time complexity for signing a message; (5) the amount of communication for signing a message; (6) the time complexity for verifying a multisignature; (7) the length of the resulting multisignatures. Existing multisignature schemes achieve various trade-offs among these measures, but none of them can achieve simultaneously the desired properties with respect to all (or even most) of these measures. In this paper, we present a novel multisignature scheme that offers desired properties with respect to the above (1)–(7) simultaneously, except that it uses random oracles (which however are often required in order to design practical schemes). In particular, our scheme is featured by its weak operational (i.e., plain public-key) model, non-interactive signing, and efficient verification.     

枪弹冲击下头-颈动力学响应及颈部被动肌影响

针对战场环境下弹体、破片的威胁,研究枪弹冲击下头-颈动力学响应及颈部被动肌影响。利用已建立并通过验证的头盔-头-颈有限元模型,开展9 mm手枪弹冲击数值模拟,获得有/无被动肌作用下人体头-颈动力学响应。研究结果表明：正面冲击时,首先头部额骨处产生应力集中,随后颈部后伸,颈部应力主要集中于下颈椎椎体,椎间盘前侧产生拉伸失效;在被动肌作用下,头部质心最大位移减少31.38%,颈椎椎骨与椎间盘连接处应力以及椎间盘最大应力均降低,椎间盘最大应力减少28.76%;颈部被动肌起到重要的保护作用,可缓解头-颈后伸,减轻颈椎的损伤,在颈部损伤评估中应考虑被动肌的影响。该研究结果可为颈部损伤评估和颈部防护装备的设计提供参考。     

载荷对MoSi2高温磨损性能的影响

采用高温自蔓延合成了MoSi2粉末,经冷压和高温真空烧结成试样。在XP-5型高温摩擦磨损试验机上,考察了MoSi2与Al2O3陶瓷在1 000℃对摩时的摩擦磨损特性。通过带微探针的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察与分析了试样表面的磨损形貌及成分组成,并讨论了其磨损机理。结果表明,MoSi2的高温磨损过程存在跑合、过渡期和稳定磨损3个阶段,小于50 N时该材料具有较好的耐磨性;虽然粘着磨损普遍存在,但随着载荷的增大,MoSi2的磨损机理依次还表现出研磨、塑性变形与疲劳断裂。     

Selection of a subset of variables: minimisation of Procrustes loss between a subset and the full set

A statistical method to reduce a large set of variables to a smaller subset of variables was published by Krzanowski [Krzanowski, W. J. (1987). Selection of variables to preserve multivariate data structure, using principal components. Applied Statistics, 36(1), 22–33]. An application in the field of sensory science is presented in this paper. The method selects the subset from all possible subsets by matching the multidimensional configuration of objects of the subset to the full set of variables. To this end a Procrustes rotation is used and the subset which produces the lowest Procrustes loss in this matching is selected as the optimal subset. For two data sets the loss values of all possible subsets of all possible sizes are studied. It is concluded that considering the subsets corresponding to a range of lowest loss values should be considered instead of only the subset producing the lowest loss value. The method can easily be extended to include fitting methods other than Procrustes rotations and other optimality criteria than the Procrustes loss employed here.     

Fabrication of RGO/Cu composites based on electrostatic adsorption

To address the issues of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) dispersion in copper (Cu) matrix and interface bonding between RGO and Cu, an electrostatic adsorption method with interface transition phase design was employed to prepare the RGO/Cu based composites. Cu-Ti alloy powder was employed to improve the combination by forming carbides at the RGO-Cu interface. It was noted that the mechanical property of 0.3wt.%RGO/Cu-Ti composite was increased by 60% compared with that of the matrix. Strengthening mechanism analysis suggested that the enhancement of the mechanical property was ascribed to the load transfer and second phase strengthening which were from the improved dispersion of RGO and the in-situ formed titanium carbide phase.     

含间隙平面连杆机构运动精度的稳健优化设计

考虑杆长制造误差和运动副间隙的影响,提出一种平面连杆机构的稳健设计方法。对运动副间隙引起的回转副偏心距及其对平面机构位姿的影响进行分析,用位置矢量方程描述考虑运动副间隙后平面机构的位姿。根据构件两端回转副要素的实际结构,把构件分成两孔型、孔销型、两销型三种类型。把回转副偏心距的大小及其方向视为两个随机变量,建立三种相应的有效杆长计算模型。采用复数矢量法,推导出三种有效杆长计算公式。对所建立的有效杆长计算模型的计算精度进行数值仿真,结果表明其计算精度可满足工程设计要求。基于所建立的有效杆长计算模型,给出再现函数的曲柄滑块机构的稳健优化设计实例,验证了文中方法的有效性和实用性。     

环境友好型全水压冲击凿岩机动力学 建模与数值仿真

介绍了以普通水作为传动、支撑推进、排屑和润滑介质的环境友好型全水压凿岩机;建立了以弹性杆、弹簧为基本单元的冲击凿岩机 波动力学模型;对YST–25全水压凿岩机进行了动态数值仿真与分析。研究结果表明：活塞最大压应力为102 MPa,最大拉应力为28 MPa,满足 了强度设计要求;钎杆中的应力比活塞的大;尽量减小活塞的截面积变化有利于延长活塞寿命;为了保证凿岩速度和能量传递效率,YST–25凿 岩机宜于在中硬到硬岩中钻进。这为环境友好型全水压冲击凿岩机的改进设计和效能评估提供了依据。     

镍铝青铜高温变形的本构模型研究

利用Gleeble-1500型热力模拟机,研究镍铝青铜合金在变形温度800～950℃、应变速率0.002～5 s-1时的热变形行为.根据热压缩试验数据,绘制了不同变形条件下的镍铝青铜合金真应力-真应变曲线,通过线性回归建立了镍铝青铜合金热变形本构方程.结果表明,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的提高而增大;计算得出的平均变形激活能为313.03 kJ/mol.     

Life prediction for rolling contact fatigue crack initiation of kiln wheels

This paper investigates the rolling contact fatigue life of kiln wheels with respect to the axis line deflection related with the applied supporting loads on wheels. Fatigue crack initiation criterions for elastic shakedown, plastic shakedown, and ratcheting material responses are applied to assess wheels responses with two sets of axial line deflection, one is measured in field and the other is optimal adjustment for the measured axial line deflection. The finite element simulations are performed by using the Bilinear material mode for nonlinear and kinematic hardening within ANSYS 11.0. By comparing life prediction from different criterions, it is showned that the low-cycle fatigue is the predominated failure. Results from different axial line deflection indicate that the optimum adjustment can greatly enhance the whole life of the supporting structure, that is useful for kiln adjustment and maintenance.