基于数字调节方法的MEMS陀螺零位补偿技术研究

针对环境温度影响导致MEMS陀螺零位输出变化较大的问题,设计了一种基于数字调节方法的零位补偿电路并提出了一种陀螺零位漂移特性的测试方法。该补偿电路依据陀螺内部温度传感器输出,实时调节补偿电路输出,实现零位补偿。采用全温(-40℃～+60℃)测试方法,研究得到陀螺零位漂移模型,再经过研究零漂值与补偿电路值之间的对应关系,求解出温度与补偿电路之间的数学模型。实验表明,采用该方法使陀螺零位在全温范围内稳定精度提高了一个数量级,证明了提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于MCU并行接口的尿湿监测系统

尿湿监测对残疾人、瘫痪者等患有行动不便症的病人以及医院护理工作具有重要的意义。介绍了一种基于单片机并行接口方式的病床尿湿监测系统,该系统以STC89C58RD+单片机为核心,从信号采集、存储到时钟记录、液晶显示、打印输出全部采用并行接口器件;采用循环扫描,优先报警,不处理报警的设计思路,配以蜂鸣器、指示灯等声、光器件,能够实时有效监测多达96个病床的尿湿情况,并通知护理人员进行处理。该系统对报警信号响应快速、灵敏,满足实际应用要求。     

基于可调谐激光器扫频干涉绝对距离测量方法研究进展

绝对距离测量的精度对于航空航天科技、精密装备加工、卫星编队、行星空间定位等领域具有重要意义。近年来,基于可调谐激光器的扫频干涉（FSI）测距技术以其突破2π模糊度、无测量死区、不接触且不依赖导轨等优点成为国际研究热点。文中在阐述FSI测距原理的基础上,简要分析了测距系统中部分器件的类型与性能,如可调谐激光器、探测器等,以及影响测距系统不确定度的因素,包括非线性扫频、多普勒频移、色散失配等方面,着重介绍了国内外对影响不确定度因素的相应补偿方法,并对补偿后的测量结果进行对比与总结。     

Peptidyl Virus-Like Nanovesicles as Reconfigurable “Trojan Horse” for Targeted siRNA Delivery and Synergistic Inhibition of Cancer Cells

The self-assembly of peptidyl virus-like nanovesicles (pVLNs) composed of highly ordered peptide bilayer membranes that encapsulate the small interfering RNA (siRNA) is reported. The targeting and enzyme-responsive sequences on the bilayer's surface allow the pVLNs to enter cancer cells with high efficiency and control the release of genetic drugs in response to the subcellular environment. By transforming its structure in response to the highly expressed enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) in cancer cells, it helps the siRNA escape from the lysosomes, resulting in a final silencing efficiency of 92%. Moreover, the pVLNs can serve as reconfigurable “Trojan horse” by transforming into membranes triggered by the MMP-7 and disrupting the cytoplasmic structure, thereby achieving synergistic anticancer effects and 96% cancer cell mortality with little damage to normal cells. The pVLNs benefit from their biocompatibility, targeting, and enzyme responsiveness, making them a promising platform for gene therapy and anticancer therapy.     

Hypercatadioptric line images for 3D orientation and image rectification

In central catadioptric systems 3D lines are projected into conics. In this paper we present a new approach to extract conics in the raw catadioptric image, which correspond to projected straight lines in the scene. Using the internal calibration and two image points we are able to compute analytically these conics which we name hypercatadioptric line images. We obtain the error propagation from the image points to the 3D line projection in function of the calibration parameters. We also perform an exhaustive analysis on the elements that can affect the conic extraction accuracy. Besides that, we exploit the presence of parallel lines in man-made environments to compute the dominant vanishing points (VPs) in the omnidirectional image. In order to obtain the intersection of two of these conics we analyze the self-polar triangle common to this pair. With the information contained in the vanishing points we are able to obtain the 3D orientation of the catadioptric system. This method can be used either in a vertical stabilization system required by autonomous navigation or to rectify images required in applications where the vertical orientation of the catadioptric system is assumed. We use synthetic and real images to test the proposed method. We evaluate the 3D orientation accuracy with a ground truth given by a goniometer and with an inertial measurement unit (IMU). We also test our approach performing vertical and full rectifications in sequences of real images.     

MD simulation of nanometric cutting of copper with and without water lubrication

Three-dimensional molecular dynamics(MD)simulation was carried out to understand the mechanism of water lubrication in nanometric cutting.The water-lubricated cutting was compared with the dry cutting process in terms of lattice deformation,cutting force,heat and pressure distribution,and machined surface integrity.It was found that water molecules effectively reduce the friction between the tool and workpiece,the heat in the cutting zone and the pressure being generated on the tool surface,thus leading to prolonged tool life.Water molecules also enlarged the pressure-affected area,which decreased the roughness of the machined surface.     

有限封闭环境中基于PCA的水声测距方法

有限空间中多途效应严重影响测距的准确性,针对该问题,提出一种基于主成分分析的水声信号测距方法,对信号协方差矩阵进行降维和特征抽取,在保留协方差矩阵信息量的同时抑制多途干扰信号的影响。实验结果表明,该方法能够提高有限封闭液态场环境中水声测距的准确性和稳健性。     

基于弯曲测试的纳结构机械力学特性的表征

利用原子力显微镜对聚焦离子束刻蚀技术制备的不同纵横比的氮化硅纳米梁结构进行了弯曲测试,并讨论了一种标定原子力显微镜微悬臂梁弹簧常数的方法.实验中严格界定了欧拉细长梁的条件,在分析了纳米梁组纵横比对测试结果影响的基础上,讨论了如何修正弯曲测试结果.弯曲测试得到了纳米梁的平面模数,并进一步推算氮化硅材料的杨氏模量.测试结果验证了基于原子力显微镜系统的弯曲方法测试纳米薄膜材料杨氏模量的可行性.     

Distortion correction and characteristics measurement of circumferential liquid film based on PLIF

For its advantages of noninvasion and high temporal–spatial resolution, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) is increasingly applied to measure the liquid film near axial flow. However, the circumferential distribution characteristics of liquid film, which are significant for heat and mass transfer process, cannot be measured briefly by the axial imaging. Because of the refractive index difference of the gas and liquid as well as the circular pipe, circumferential observation suffers distortion inevitably. In this paper, PLIF is developed to measure the circumferential film with a virtual dual-view vision sensor, besides, the distortion model is established and a new distortion correction method is proposed. The effective view of circumferential liquid film is extended to 260°. Characteristics of vertical falling film are measured under different Reynolds numbers. Compared with the classical prediction models, the experimental results show the proposed method is capable for measuring circumferential film and the distribution characteristics conveniently and reliably.     

In vitro and in silico (IVIS) flow characterization in an idealized human airway geometry using laser Doppler anemometry and computational fluid dynamics techniques

The air flow in idealized human airway geometry was studied using computational and experimental methods. A computational fluid dynamics model developed to determine the air flow characteristics in airways was validated by comparison of the experimental velocity profiles obtained with laser Doppler anemometric measurements with numerical data. A good correlation was found between the values obtained with the two methods. Both the measurements and the calculations showed the flow to be laminar in the trachea region of the airway model, but it is affected by the airway geometry in subsequent airways.