利用肠杆菌基因间重复序列PCR(ERIC-PCR)方法对阪崎克罗诺杆菌进行分子分型

阪崎肠杆菌在2008年被重新命名为克罗诺杆菌属的一个新种,是一种条件致病菌,可引起严重的新生儿脑膜炎、坏死性小肠结肠炎和菌血症,严重的可能引起神经系统后遗症和死亡.目前,越来越多的报道证明婴儿配方粉是其主要的传染源和传播媒介.利用肠杆菌基因间重复序列PCR(ERIC-PCR)方法对43株克罗诺杆菌属菌株和5株肠杆菌属菌株进行分子分型,利用BioNumericus软件对其结果进行分析,如果按照相似性大于80%计算,根据辛普森方程计算该分型方法的分辨率可达到0.984.研究结果表明:ERIC-PCR是一种适用于阪崎克罗诺杆菌的快速分子分型方法,能够对由该菌引起的食品中毒事件进行快速的溯源.     

Effect of Freezing/Thawing Temperature on the Viscoelastic and Nutritional Qualities of Carrots

This study evaluated and correlated the viscoelastic and nutritional properties of carrots after freezing (–20, –70, and –196^oC) and thawing (4 and 18^oC) treatments. Results showed that all samples exhibited a solid behavior (storage modulus G′ > loss modulus G″) dominating the viscoelastic response. After treatments, G′, G″, hardness, fracturability, springiness, and chewiness of carrots significantly decreased, whereas loss tangent (Tanδ) increased. Compared with other treatments, fast freezing (–196^oC) and thawing (18^oC) better maintained G′, G″, hardness, and fracturability of carrots, and intermediate freezing (–70^oC) better retained springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. For nutritional parameters, fast freezing and thawing conditions also contributed to preserving the contents of carotenoids of carrots. Partial least squares regression analysis revealed that β- and α-carotene, lycopene, and soluble sugars were positively correlated with hardness, fracturability, G′, and G″, and negatively with Tanδ in carrots. The variation of viscoelastic parameters could well predict the changes at nutritional levels.     

山茱萸发酵乳饮料加工技术研究

研究采用酸牛乳为主要原料,添加白砂糖、山茱萸汁、柠檬酸、香精、增稠剂、乳化剂、螯合剂等辅料,经均质、杀菌、冷却、灌装等加工工艺制成一种保健型含乳饮料。试验结果为:酸牛乳37%、白砂糖10%、山茱萸汁10%、稳定剂0.55%、柠檬酸0.1%~0.2%、柠檬酸钠0.02%、六偏磷酸钠0.03%、香精0.08%,其余为水;加工工艺参数,料液混合温度30℃~40℃、均质条件18~20 MPa、杀菌条件120℃/20 s、在2℃~6℃条件下存放。     

Influence of ultrasonic treatment on the structure and emulsifying properties of peanut protein isolate

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on emulsifying properties and structure of peanut protein isolate (PPI) were evaluated by analysis of particle size distribution, protein surface hydrophobicity, SDS-PAGE, circular dichroism spectra and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The emulsifying properties of the PPI were found to be improved by ultrasonic treatment. The mean particle size decreased from 474.7 nm to 255.8 nm while the molecular weight remained unaffected. The results of intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and surface hydrophobicity indicated that ultrasonic treatment induced tertiary structural changes of the proteins in PPI. Emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index were found to be correlated fairly well with surface hydrophobicity (H₀) (r = 0.712 and r = 0.668, respectively).     

酸奶保存期内风味物质与风味变化研究

研究成品酸奶在4℃冷藏条件下主要风味物质的变化,包括羰基化合物乙醛、双乙酰以及挥发酸和酸性物质,同时考察酸奶的感官品评分数。结果显示,酸奶的主要风味化合物含量均呈增加趋势,且增长速度先快后慢。当乙醛与双乙酰含量的比例在0.56～0.80之间时,酸奶的风味比较协调。风味物质和风味评分分数的相关分析证明,酸奶中的各风味化合物相关性显著,且对酸奶的风味强度和风味协调性均有不同程度的影响。     

母乳微生物的研究进展

传统培养技术和现代分子学技术已证明母乳内具有多种微生物,包含葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、肠球菌属、乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属等。最新研究也证明母乳内的微生物,有些具有特殊的功能如抗HIV、治疗乳腺炎及通过孕产妇肠道到达乳腺等。本文就母乳内微生物的来源、种类、鉴定方法、特殊功能及应用的研究进行了综述,并展望了母乳微生物的研究方向,以期能为母乳微生物的进一步研究和利用提供指导。     

Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Microfiltered Pasteurized Milk Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC×GC-TOFMS

Volatiles of milk were characterized by solid-phase microextraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry not only separated the 52 compounds that co-elute in conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, but also identified 107 compounds that were first reported in milk. These volatiles included aliphatic hydrocarbons (69), aromatic hydrocarbons (42), ketones (28), esters (16), aldehydes (14), alcohols (14), acids (14), nitrogenous compounds (9), ethers (8), and sulfo compounds (3). Five dominant volatiles were hexanoic acid (193.57 ng/mL milk), methoxy-phenyl-oxime (114.83 ng/mL milk), octanoic acid (109.38 ng/mL milk), 4,5-dimethyl-1-hexene (101.48 ng/mL milk), and 2-Pentanone (99.74 ng/mL milk). This proposes an improvement methodology for determining the volatiles of dairy products.     

Transglutaminase cross-linking of milk proteins and impact on yoghurt gel properties

A novel yoghurt process was investigated in which milk proteins were covalently cross-linked by a microbial transglutaminase (TG) preparation containing glutathione (TG+GSH). As unheated milk is normally less reactive towards TG, TG+GSH was applied to enable non-inhibited cross-linking without requiring a pre-heat treatment beyond pasteurisation conditions. After the TG+GSH incubation phase, the enzyme was inactivated by heat treatment of the yoghurt milk prior to fermentation. During yoghurt fermentation, no negative effect of TG+GSH on fermentation time was found. Protein cross-linking by TG+GSH was enhanced, resulting in higher apparent viscosity and a higher degree of protein polymerisation than that given by TG without GSH. Furthermore, different ratios of casein to whey proteins (CWP ratios) were used to investigate the effect of both protein fractions on covalently cross-linked yoghurt gel structures. The results showed a relationship between extent of cross-linking, apparent viscosity and CWP ratio of the yoghurt gels. During storage for up to 6 weeks at 4 °C, no changes in rheological properties and degree of protein polymerisation were measurable for stirred yoghurt gels prepared from cross-linked milk proteins.     

乳发酵过程产生的天然防腐成分

综述了乳酸菌、霉菌和酵母发酵乳过程中产生的天然防腐成分,并分类论述了生物合成途径和抑菌机理,对乳发酵过程中产生的天然防腐成分的进一步应用提供了理论基础。