Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalic Acid Esters in Gums and Soapstocks Obtained from Soybean Oil Refinery

Soybean oil gums and soapstocks are important by-products that may potentially be contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POP) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and phthalic acid esters (PAE), thus lowering the value when using them as starting materials to produce animal feed additives, food industry ingredients, and pharmaceutical products. In the present work, PAH and PAE distributions in these two types of by-products were detected using solvent extraction–solid phase extraction purification coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Total PAH and PAE amounts in the soapstocks were significantly higher than those in the gums, thus indicating that neutralization showed much higher removal efficiency than degumming in terms of PAH and PAE eliminations. Meanwhile, the results proved that the concentrations of these two kinds of contaminants in the soybean oil gums and soapstocks were much higher than those in the soybean oils, suggesting that further investigations were needed and that the contents of PAH and PAE in soybean oil refining by-products should be carefully monitored and regulated.     

传统发酵肉制品中降解生物胺菌株的筛选鉴定与应用研究

该研究利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对65株来源于传统发酵肉制品的耐盐、耐亚硝酸盐乳酸菌所产生物胺进行定性定量检测,筛选出降解率最高的不产生物胺菌株PL-ZL001。经形态观察、生理生化试验研究,并结合16S rDNA序列分析对其进行鉴定,同时探索其作为发酵剂对发酵香肠中生物胺含量的影响。结果表明,菌株PL-ZL001被鉴定为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,添加菌株PL-ZL001可抑制发酵香肠中6种生物胺的积累,尤其是对毒性最大的组胺含量的控制,效果显著优于商业用木糖葡糖球菌（Staphyloccus xylose）（P＜0.05）。     

不同预处理对低温脱脂豆粕中大豆β-伴球蛋白功能性质的影响 关键词：

采用新鲜低温脱脂豆粕、干热处理脱脂豆粕和溶剂浸提脱脂豆粕为原料制备大豆β-伴球蛋白,研究预处理对低温脱脂豆粕残余脂质含量和脂肪氧合酶酶活以及制备大豆β-伴球蛋白功能性质的影响。干热处理对低温脱脂豆粕中残余脂质含量无显著影响,但可使得脂肪氧合酶酶活下降7.69%;溶剂浸提使得低温脱脂豆粕中残余脂质含量和脂肪氧合酶酶活分别下降98.08%和96.12%,表明溶剂浸提可显著抑制低温脱脂豆粕中脂质过氧化反应的发生。干热处理低温脱脂豆粕使得制备大豆β-伴球蛋白溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性以及凝胶性质变差,溶剂浸提低温脱脂豆粕可改善制备大豆β-伴球蛋白溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性和凝胶性质。这一研究结果为改善大豆蛋白功能性质提供前期研究基础。     

玉米油精炼过程氯离子含量变化及其对3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯含量的影响

对取自安徽、河北、山东等地玉米油加工厂的玉米油毛油、待脱臭油和成品油中的氯离子、3-氯丙醇（3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol,3-MCPD）酯和缩水甘油酯（glycidyl esters,GEs）含量进行检测,并在实验室明确可控的条件下对玉米毛油进行精炼,检测精炼过程氯离子、3-MCPD酯和GEs含量,与玉米油加工厂实际精炼过程的含量变化情况进行对比分析,研究玉米油精炼过程中氯离子含量变化及其对3-MCPD酯和GEs含量变化的影响。结果表明：所检测的所有玉米油样品中均含有氯离子、3-MCPD酯和GEs,其中毛油中氯离子含量最高,为0.628～2.029 mg/kg,毛油中3-MCPD酯和GEs含量分别为0.547～1.083 mg/kg和0.246～0.721 mg/kg;待脱臭玉米油中氯离子含量为0.110～0.374 mg/kg,较毛油中含量明显降低,3-MCPD酯和GEs含量分别为0.933～1.422 mg/kg和0.246～0.432 mg/kg,3-MCPD酯较毛油中含量有所升高,GEs含量变化不明显。脱臭油中3-MCPD酯和GEs含量分别为3.523～4.541 mg/kg和1.501～13.584 mg/kg,较待脱臭油中含量大幅升高,其中一个油样中含量分别增加3.5 倍和32.1 倍,同时该油样中氯离子含量的降幅也最大（0.287 mg/kg）。对实验室精炼过程及工厂精炼过程的玉米油样品检测分析显示,无论是实验室精炼还是工厂实际生产,氯离子含量均随精炼过程逐渐减少,其中降幅最大的是水化脱胶和碱炼脱酸工序（降幅为76.1%～81.3%）;3-MCPD酯和GEs在水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸及吸附脱色过程的含量变化不大,经脱臭后含量大幅升高,同时伴随脱臭过程氯离子含量的降低,并且氯离子含量降幅越大3-MCPD酯的升幅越高。研究结果明确了玉米油精炼过程氯离子和3-MCPD酯及GEs含量的变化规律,以及待脱臭玉米油中氯离子含量对脱臭油脂中3-MCPD酯和GEs含量的影响,对玉米油精炼乃至其他植物油生产中3-MCPD酯和GEs的风险防范和控制都具有指导意义。     

冷破、热破番茄酱的香气特征及其与非挥发性组分之间的关系

番茄酱是一种重要的调味品,因其独特的口感和风味而广受消费者喜爱。本文以通过冷破（cold break,CB）、热破（hot break,HB）生产的8种番茄酱作为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术对其挥发性风味化合物的组成及相对含量进行分析,计算香气活度值（odor activity value,OAV）确定特征风味化合物,结合主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）以及相关性分析确定番茄酱中的香气成分与还原糖、有机酸、抗坏血酸以及果胶含量之间的关系。结果表明：不同破碎方法的番茄酱中挥发性风味化合物的组成及相对含量存在明显差别,8个样品中共鉴定出61种挥发性风味化合物,以醛类、醇类和酮类为主,其中22种为OAV≥1的香气活性化合物;CB番茄酱中的挥发性风味化合物组成及相对含量要显著（P<0.05）高于HB番茄酱,并且CB处理有利于保持番茄酱中较高的...     

糙米重组米的回生特性

采用差示扫描量热仪和质构仪研究了糙米重组米的Avrami方程及硬度,探讨了糙米重组米的回生特性。结果表明：糙米重组米的Avrami参数n值均小于1,以一次成核的方式结晶;糙米重组米淀粉中的直链淀粉含量对Avrami参数n有非常显著的影响,对支链淀粉的最大回生度没有显著的影响;参数n和结晶速率k之间成极显著负相关;最大回生度与结晶速率k成显著负相关;硬度可以有效地反映出糙米重组米的回生程度。     

Sustainable and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate)/poly(propylene carbonate) blown films with enhanced compatibility,mechanical, and barrier properties

In this study, a novel environment-friendly PBST/PPC-based blown film was prepared using maleic anhydride (MA) as a reactive compatibilizer to enhance the compatibility between poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PBST) and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). Results of rheological testing and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) indicated that MA reacted with PBST/PPC during melt-blending extrusion. Morphological analysis of the cryo-fractured surfaces of PBST/PPC blend showed significantly improved compatibility between PBST and PPC with the addition of MA. Moreover, the Young's modulus, tensile strength, breaking strain, and tear strength of PBST/PPC/MA blown films increased with an increase in MA content. In comparison to PBST/MA blown film without PPC, the barrier property of PBST/PPC/MA blown films was improved. In addition, in vitro cell experiments showed that the PBST/PPC/MA blown film was suitable for the growth of mouse fibroblast (L929) cells. In vitro ecotoxicity testing on mung bean plant showed that the extracts from the PBST/PPC/MA blown film had no negative effects on the development of mung bean plant. Furthermore, degradability testing in soil also proved that the PBST/PPC/MA blown film had good biodegradability. Thus, the PBST/PPC/MA blown film can be used in fields, such as food packaging and agricultural mulch film.     

柠檬酸热力学性质研究及晶型含量测定

运用新型平行反应器Poly Block快速测量了柠檬酸在水中的溶解度,并用传统的静态法验证了其准确性。建立了一种简单且行之有效的测定溶解度的方法,测量周期短,结果可靠,可以用于实验室和工业生产中。改进静态法试验装置研究柠檬酸在水中的晶型转化过程,利用DSC测量平衡固相含量,确定无水及一水柠檬酸比例,判断晶型转化终点,最终得到准确的柠檬酸相转变点温度。用改进Apelblat简化经验方程对试验数据进行了关联,其回归及计算结果与试验值符合良好。     

大豆深加工发展与磷脂加工技术的应用

简述了我国在大豆深加工方面研究和发展概况,以及大豆磷脂加工技术与产品的开发,结合现代油脂企业的生产经营,提出大豆磷脂加工技术在油脂加工厂的应用前景与意义。