我国食品标准体系在食品安全监管过程中的应用及现存问题

食品标准是指导食品安全监管全链条工作科学、规范、有序开展的重要依据和准则,但一定程度上存在与监管需求符合性不佳、匹配度不足等问题。目前我国食品标准体系尚处于逐步建设和改进完善阶段。针对食品标准在食品安全监管工作中的作用和应用,本文主要分析研究食品标准体系与监管实际的符合性和匹配度,梳理分析我国食品标准体系与食品安全监管过程的符合情况。建议从标准跟踪评价、简化优化标准制修订流程、整合食品分类标准等方面逐步改进完善,为监管工作提供有力支撑和依据。     

五粮浓香型白酒掺杂食用酒精的鉴别研究——基于碳稳定同位素技术

目的研究五粮浓香型白酒(原酒和成品酒)掺杂玉米及大米食用酒精后的乙醇碳同位素组成的变化规律,从而为白酒掺假鉴别服务。方法利用高温氧化还原稳定同位素比值质谱仪(isotoperatiomass spectrometer,IRMS)联用仪,对五粮浓香型白酒(原酒和成品酒)掺杂玉米及大米食用酒精后的乙醇碳同位素进行测试分析。结果宜宾地区所产不同年份和不同酒精度的原酒和成品酒,δ13C乙醇值范围分别为-21.42‰～-23.57‰和-21.01‰～-23.15‰,原酒和成品酒δ13C乙醇值分布范围基本一致,随年份和酒精度的不同其乙醇同位素组成无明显的变化规律。添加玉米酒精的原酒和成品酒的δ13C乙醇值明显增加,其值与添加量表现为正相关,当成品酒中酒精添加量为10%时,其δ13C乙醇差值为1.85‰,单样本t检验时差异性显著(双尾)0.0000.05。添加大米酒精的原酒和成品酒的δ13C乙醇值明显减小,其值与添加量表现为负相关,当原酒中酒精添加量为10%时,其δ13C乙醇差值为0.50‰,单样本t检验时差异性显著(双尾)0.0220.05。结论利用乙醇碳同位素组成判断宜宾产五粮浓香型白酒掺杂单一原料食用酒精,当掺杂食用酒精体积达到一定比例时,具有一定的应用前景。     

DMSO辅助浓缩气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定水产品中6种丁香酚类化合物

建立了水产品中6种丁香酚类化合物的二甲亚砜(DMSO)辅助浓缩-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定方法。试样加入无水硫酸钠后,以乙腈为提取溶剂,乙腈饱和的正己烷脱脂,乙腈层加入二甲亚砜(DMSO)辅助氮吹浓缩至近干;采用DB-1701色谱柱进行分离,并用质谱进行检测。6种化合物在20~1000 μg/L内呈良好的线性关系(相关系数大于0.999);在四种基质中的加标水平分别为0.02、0.04、0.10 mg/kg时,6种化合物平均加标回收率为64.8%~110.9%,相对标准偏差均不大于15%(n=6);方法定量限为0.02 mg/kg。该方法灵敏、准确度高、快速、线性范围宽、选择性好、前处理简单,并解决了目前文献方法中仅直接氮吹浓缩对回收率影响很大的关键问题,适用于水产品中丁香酚类化合物的准确定性定量检测,可用于水产品中该类麻醉剂的摸底监测。     

Ce-MOF Nanosphere as Colorimetric Sensor with High Oxidase Mimicking Activity for Sensitive Detection of H2O2

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - In this work, a new oxidase mimic Ce-MOF was synthesized for the detection of H2O2. The Ce-MOF nanosphere as the oxidase mimic shows...     

电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在五粮浓香型白酒分类鉴别中的应用

目的建立固态法五粮浓香型原酒、成品酒与掺假白酒的分类模型。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)技术进行鉴别分析,分别对样品中Mg24、Mg25、Si28、Fe56、Fe57、Ni58、Ni60、Zn64、Zn66、Cu63、Cu65、As75、Pb206、Pb207、Pb208等元素的响应强度进行检测,并结合聚类分析、主成分分析、因子分析和线性判别分析等方法进行数据分析。结果采用聚类分析时,当样本的产酒年份差距为2年内时,能够对原酒和掺假白酒进行有效分类,当样本的产酒年份差距为10年时,则聚类分析方法并不适用;采用因子分析时,当因子数限定为3时,掺假白酒在第1个因子和第3个因子中的得分均是最低的,在第2个因子得分中,掺假白酒总体上高于原酒组,低于成品酒组;采用线性判别分析时,总共17个样本中, 88.2%个交叉验证已分组观察值可以正确分类。结论建立了固态法五粮浓香型原酒、成品酒与掺假白酒的分类模型,具有一定的应用价值。     

Rapid Preparation of 3D Ultra-Thin CuO Nanosheets by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Microplasma for Non-Enzymatic Detection of Glucose

Catalysis Letters - CuO is a material with a great promise because of its good stability, environmental protection, low cost, easy development and manufacture, so CuO with various nanostructures...     

Advances in DNA typing in the agro-food supply chain

BackgroundDNA typing is increasingly being applied to assess the genetic origin and authenticity of products entering and exiting the food supply chain. The growing interest in DNA typing has arisen from an expanding array of contexts, such as the need to protect manufacturers, ensure compliance with food regulations, validate labels, fight misbranding, evaluate product ingredients and defend consumers' rights and freedom of choice.Scope and approachThis review presents current practices and emerging technologies about the genetic traceability in the agro-food chain, providing an overview of the specificity and challenges related to the analysis of commercial products of plant origin. We also discuss unsolved needs and specific features of DNA testing in the agro-food supply chain. These include the biochemical and physical variability of the samples under investigation, the possible DNA degradation, and the necessity to distinguish among plant varieties and not only different species.Key findings and conclusionsWe acknowledge that a number of DNA typing systems have been successfully used, and the vast majority are based on the PCR technique. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies are expected to greatly expand data range and the amount of information accessible to a DNA analysis. The evaluation and implementation of novel technologies and tools, along with concerted efforts to increase information sharing and to establish standard operating protocols, are main priorities of genetic typing in the agro-food chain.     

Phase composition and microwave dielectric properties of Ca0.128Ba0.032Sm0.46Li0.3TiO3 ceramics with alumina addition

Ca_0.128Ba_0.032Sm_0.46Li_0.3TiO₃-x wt.% Al₂O₃ microwave dielectric ceramics with temperature stability were prepared by the traditional solid-state reaction method. The effects of Al₂O₃ doping on phase composition, micromorphology, and microwave dielectric properties of Ca_0.128Ba_0.032Sm_0.46Li_0.3TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. X-ray diffraction results showed that no other phase was introduced by doping, and the diffraction peaks of all the ceramics could be indexed by standard JCPDS cards of No.42?0423 (CaTiO₃) and No.43?0235 (BaSm₂Ti₄O₁₂). To further study the effects of Al₂O₃ doping on microstructure and lattice vibration of Ca_0.128Ba_0.032Sm_0.46Li_0.3TiO₃ ceramics, the structural refinement and Raman spectroscopy techniques were also adopted. Doping Al₂O₃ decreased the lattice constant of CaTiO₃-phase solid solution, modified the morphology and improved microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics. When sintered at 1300 °C for 4 h, the ceramics with 0.9 wt.% Al₂O₃ showed excellent microwave dielectric properties: ε_r = 87.9 ± 0.4, Q × f = 6671 ± 103 GHz, and τ_f = -1.2 ± 0.9 ppm/℃.     

现代检测技术在固态法白酒真实性中的应用

近年来,不法商家为了谋取利益,以食用酒精勾兑酒、添加香精香料等方式冒充固态法白酒的行为在市场上盛行。国家监管部门因缺乏相应的检测技术,使固态法白酒的规范管理成为难题。为了维护消费者利益,打击制假造假行为,保障酒类市场健康发展,本文总结与综述了光谱法、色谱法、电子鼻及同位素质谱法等现代检测技术在固态法白酒鉴别中的应用,以期为固态法白酒真实性鉴别提供参考依据与技术指导。