视错觉及其应用

视觉足人类获取外部信息的最重要方式。但由于人类自身的生理、心理因素以及外界光、形、色等因素的干扰,会产生视觉误差,即视错觉。本章系统的分析了视错觉产生原因,按不同的现象和成因把视错觉分成病理视错觉、动态视错觉、几何视错觉、颜色视错觉、轮廓错觉等5类。在此基础上介绍了视错觉的应用,特别介绍了其在图像融合中的应用,并用matlab实现了图像的融合。     

顾及冲突分析的模糊积分非监督变化检测

以模糊积分(Fuzzy integral, FI)为基础, 提出一种顾及冲突分析(Conflict analysis, CA)的全自动遥感变化检测方法CA-based FI, CAFI). CAFI首先选取典型的对比算子, 生成信息互补的差异图(Difference image, DI)集; 其次利用模糊聚类、杰卡德相似系数和FI对差异图进行决策级融合, 得到初步融合变化检测图; 然后通过模糊集理论计算像元的信息冲突程度, 将初步融合检测结果自适应地划分为冲突严重区域和冲突较弱区域; 最后, 对冲突较弱的像元, 将其初步融合结果作为最终检测结果, 对易产生融合错误的冲突严重像元, 利用地统计分析对其重新分类. CAFI能够集成不同信息优势的同时, 很大程度地解决FI融合过程中的信息冲突问题. 三组真实遥感数据的实验结果验证了CAFI的有效性和鲁棒性.     

一种基于压缩域的实时跟踪改进算法

在基于压缩域的实时跟踪算法中,判别函数对目标外观考虑不足易造成跟踪精度较低。为此,提出一种改进的基于压缩域的实时跟踪算法。利用稀疏测量矩阵提取候选目标的低维多尺度特征,并根据在线更新的特征概率分布,采用朴素贝叶斯分类器判别目标与背景,实现粗跟踪。通过视频帧间候选目标内部区域所具有的相似性,在粗跟踪的基础上实施基于动态目标外观模型的二次跟踪,在线寻找目标的最佳跟踪位置。对多种跟踪视频库的测试结果表明,该算法在不过量增加计算负荷的情况下能有效提高跟踪精度。     

Predicting temporal centrality in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks based on social behavior of people

Predicting the centrality of nodes is a significant problem for different applications in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks (OMSNs). However, when calculating such metrics, current studies focused on analyzing static networks that do not change over time or using aggregated contact information over a period of time. Furthermore, the centrality measured in the past is not verified whether it is useful as a predictor for the future. In this paper, in order to capture the dynamic behavior of people, we focus on predicting nodes’ future centrality (importance) from the temporal perspective using real mobility traces in OMSNs. Three important centrality metrics, namely betweenness, closeness, and degree centrality, are considered. Through real trace-driven simulations, we find that nodes’ future centrality is highly predictable due to natural social behavior of people. Then, based on the observations in the simulation, we design several reasonable prediction methods to predict nodes’ future temporal centrality. Finally, extensive real trace-driven simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed methods. The results show that the Recent Weighted Average Method performs best in the MIT Reality trace, and the recent Uniform Average Method performs best in the Infocom 06 trace. Furthermore, we also evaluate the impact of parameters m and w on the performance of the proposed methods and find proper values of different parameters for each proposed method at the same time.     

一种基于资源预分配的虚拟机软实时调度方法

虚拟机技术作为云计算的重要技术之一,近年来得到广泛关注,但是由于虚拟机管理层的存在,导致语义鸿沟,使得实时应用程序、并发程序等在虚拟机上的运行性能受到影响。分析和研究了Xen虚拟机管理器的Credit调度算法,针对其在并发调度和软实时调度方面存在的不足,提出了改进调度算法,实现了算法的调度器原型。新的调度算法对软实时虚拟机进行Credit比例预分配,采用动态调度时间片机制,以non-work-conserving方式实现软实时任务周期调度,保障调度周期满足运行周期要求。通过区分并发和非并发软实时虚拟机,采取不同的调度策略,在满足资源利用率的基础上,确保实时任务的顺利运行。测试结果表明,该调度算法在对并发和非并发软实时任务调度上,具有良好的表现,较好满足了软实时应用调度需求。     

基于多尺度多方向Gabor变换的Tsallis熵阈值分割方法

为了能在统一框架内处理无模态、单模态、双模态或者多模态直方图情形下的自动阈值选取问题,该文提出一种基于多尺度多方向Gabor变换的Tsallis熵阈值分割方法(MGTE)。该方法先通过Gabor变换得到多尺度乘积图像,然后利用内外轮廓图像从多尺度乘积图像中重构1维直方图,并在重构1维直方图上采用Tsallis熵计算模型来选取4个方向Tsallis熵取最大值时对应的阈值,最后对4个方向的阈值进行加权求和作为最终分割阈值。将提出的方法和5个分割方法在4幅合成图像和40幅真实世界图像上进行了实验。结果表明提出的方法虽然计算效率不占优势,但它的分割适应性和分割精度有明显的提高。     

基于多尺度分割的图像识别残差网络研究

深度卷积神经网络能够解决复杂的计算机视觉问题,被广泛应用于图像识别任务中。在基于深度卷积神经网络的图像识别过程中,增加网络的深度和宽度能够产生丰富的特征信息,使用多尺度分割方法能够有效减少冗余的特征信息。然而,增加网络的深度和进行多尺度分割都会影响识别速度。如何在保证精度的同时提高识别速度,成为设计高效网络的关键问题。通过增加网络宽度的方法对ResNet残差网络进行改进,在保证精度的基础上提升识别速度。使用ResNet-D中的残差结构并减少网络长度,得到长度只有7层的残差网络,同时对HS-ResNet中的多尺度分割方法进行优化,只保留最后一次连接合并操作,得到图像识别残差网络SSRNet。在CIFAR 10和CIFAR 100数据集上的实验结果显示,SSRNet速度最高较ResNet网络提升7倍多,同时错误率最高下降8.81%,表明缩短网络长度可大幅加快图像识别速度,同时结合多尺度分割方法能够有效提升识别精度。     

A sparse direction-of-arrival estimation algorithm for MIMO radar in the presence of gain-phase errors

In this paper, the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with gain-phase errors is addressed, by using a sparse DOA estimation algorithm with fourth-order cumulants (FOC) based error matrix estimation. Useful cumulants are designed and extracted to estimate the gain and the phase errors in the transmit array and the receive array, thus a reliable error matrix is obtained. Then the proposed algorithm reduces the gain-phase error matrix to a low dimensional one. Finally, with the updated gain-phase error matrix, the FOC-based reweighted sparse representation framework is introduced to achieve accurate DOA estimation. Thanks to the fourth-order cumulants based gain-phase error matrix estimation, and the reweighted sparse representation framework, the proposed algorithm performs well for both white and colored Gaussian noises, and provides higher angular resolution and better angle estimation performance than reduced-dimension MUSIC (RD-MUSIC), adaptive sparse representation (adaptive-SR) and ESPRIT-based algorithms. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.     

水雷出水模型突变的控制方法

水雷水下发射攻击水上目标时出水瞬间数学模型发生突变, 严重影响水雷出 水的稳定性和打击概率, 对这一过程设计了滑模变结构单控制器和组合控制 器.利用微分几何的输入输出反馈线性化方法将非线性系统进行了线性化, 并利用变结构控制策略及趋近律算法设计了姿态跟踪闭环控制系统, 计算简便, 易于实现.对两种控制器的优劣性进行了比较, 通过数字仿真表明所设 计的控制系统可以适用于水下攻击目标出水突变过程, 并对系统参数摄动具 有较强的鲁棒性.     

Image bilevel thresholding based on multiscale gradient multiplication

This paper introduces a novel global thresholding approach that exploits the multiscale gradient information. The multiscale gradient information, that is, the product of gradient magnitude (PGM), is obtained by multiplying the responses of the first derivative of Gaussian (FDoG) filter at three adjacent space scales. The output threshold is selected as the one that maximizes a new objective function of the gray level variable t. The objective function is defined as the ratio of the mean PGM values of the boundary and non-boundary regions in the binary image obtained by thresholding with variable t. Through analysis of 35 real images from different application areas, our results show that the proposed method can perform bilevel thresholding on the images with different histogram patterns, such as unimodal, bimodal, multimodal, or comb-like shape. Its segmentation quality is superior to five popular thresholding algorithms.