地理标志食品安全监管研究

地理标志为WTO-TRIPS协议中七个知识产权形式之一,它以行业团体形式较好地引导企业发展安全、生态,传统的食品,通过控制食品等级质量与数量以确保其品质与信誉,然而,我国地理标志食品业出现一系列食品安全事件,严重破坏了地理标志品牌形象。地理标志食品安全监管研究是以行业监管为主,以企业自律为辅,在地理标志食品安全监管体系的基础上,在生产监管方面,使用良好的生产操作规范与安全控制技术;在品牌管理上,运用CS品牌经营理念;在市场监管方面,推行食品溯源制度,开发PMS平台管理信息系统,以保障自然传统食品特色,把最好、最安全的地理标志食品提供给消费者。     

Characterization and amino acid metabolism performances of indigenous Oenococcus oeni isolated from Chinese wines

Oenococcus oeni is a multiple physical stress-tolerant lactic acid bacterium that plays an important role in wine making. It is often added as a starter culture to carry out malolactic fermentation (MLF). In this study, a total of 22 out of 127 lactic acid bacteria, isolated from Chinese wines undergoing MLF, were identified as O. oeni by species-specific PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. Single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP) analysis showed that all strains could be typed under these conditions, and three main groups were determined by cluster analysis, which showed intraspecific homology higher than 69 %. Eight strains, representative of SE-AFLP clusters, were tested for malolactic activity. Significant differences were observed among strains with regard to the amount of malic acid consumed. Seventeen amino acids in different wines that were inoculated by 4 O. oeni strains, respectively, were analyzed before and after MLF. The results indicated that the amino acid metabolism of the 4 strains was significantly different between each strain.     

超微粉碎技术在中药和保健食品中的应用

超微粉碎技术是近20年来发展起来的一项新技术,由于其具有独特的物理和化学性质,因此被广泛应用.中药材和保健食品中的有效成分主要分布于细胞内,采用超微粉碎技术可以极大增加其溶出和促进人体吸收利用.本文主要介绍了近年来国内超微粉碎技术在中药和保健食品上的研究与应用情况,并为超微粉碎技术发展前景做出展望.     

Optimization of wine headspace analysis by solid-phase microextraction capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection

Different novel fibers for solid-phase microextraction were developed in the last years. The aims of this work were the study of their performances in wine headspace analysis, and the optimization of some analytical conditions. The fibers were evaluated for their sensitivity and repeatability; the results showed a strongly different behavior for the different solid-phases, both for the different zones of the chromatogram and for different levels of concentration. A Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane fiber coating appeared the most suitable for the analysis of aromatic fraction of wines in its totality. For specific applications, the choice of a suitable solid-phase, depends on the class of compounds be analyzed.     

户太8号桃红葡萄酒贮藏期香气物质损失及添加剂护香效果分析

研究户太8号桃红葡萄酒贮藏期的香气物质变化规律,并比较几种添加剂处理的护香效果,旨在优化设计葡萄酒的陈酿工艺。研究以户太8号桃红葡萄酒为试材,当葡萄酒发酵结束后分别添加适量葡聚糖、没食子酸、甘露糖蛋白和谷胱甘肽处理,而后定期采集酒样,对酒样香气通过仪器和感官进行分析。香气成分采用SPME-GC-MS定性定量分析,香气特征通过感官培训的品评小组量化品评。结果表明:户太8号桃红葡萄酒中共定量出33种香气物质,有9种成分的气味活性值(OAV)大于1,11种成分的OAV在0.1~1.0。贮藏期间,酒样中乙酸酯和中链脂肪酸乙酯含量在贮藏初期急剧下降而后趋于平稳,高级醇含量逐渐升高至平缓,脂肪酸、萜烯类和苯乙基类化合物的含量逐渐升高并在贮藏后期降低。贮藏1年后,葡聚糖处理的酒样中果香酯、苯乙基类以及己(烯)醇类化合物等香气物质含量明显高于其他处理组,而其他处理组之间差异不显著。感官分析也表明,葡聚糖处理组比其他处理组具有更好的温带水果、甜香、花香和小浆果香的香气特征。研究发现,在发酵结束后添加300mg/L葡聚糖对贮藏期户太8号桃红葡萄酒表现出较好的护香作用。     

黄河故道地区酿酒葡萄气候区划研究

通过对黄河故道所经3个主要省份河南、安徽、江苏共276个站点30年(1979～2008)的气象资料进行分析,利用李华等提出的气候区划指标,即无霜期为一级指标、生长季(4～9)干燥度为二级指标、埋土防寒线为三级指标对该地区进行酿酒葡萄气候区划,用Arcgis软件作图,将适宜种植区划分为1个优质产区即安徽濉溪,1个优良产区即江苏西连岛,1个一般产区,主要分布于河南北部及江苏的响水、丰县,并对各区适宜种植的酿酒葡萄品种做出了初步评价。     

Mobility and distribution of eight fungicides in surface,skin and pulp in grapes. An application to pyraclostrobin and boscalid

The study discusses the mobility and distribution of vinclozolin, dichlofluanid, penconazol, captan, quinoxyfen, fluquinconazol, boscalid and pyraclostrobin residues in surface, skin and pulp in red grapes. A lab test was carried out by immersing grapes in solutions with different concentrations of fungicides and for different periods of time; followed by a determination of the fungicide residues by GC-ECD with an additional confirmation by GC-MS. The distribution between surface, skin and pulp of the grapes was also determined. The percentage sorption ranged from 6.4 to 116%. Results showed that sorption values depended on the time that grapes had been in contact with the fungicide solutions, but not on the initial concentration of solutions. Residues were mainly found in skin, with percentages ranging from 53.0 to 88.4% of total residues. In pulp, these values ranged from 9.6 to 41.7%. Pyraclostrobin showed higher penetration than the other compounds.A field test using three new commercial formulations containing pyraclostrobin, boscalid and a mixture of both, was carried out by applying these formulations to a vineyard. When fungicides were applied individually the ratios of the skin/pulp residues were similar to those obtained in lab; whereas when a mixture of both pesticides was sprayed results showed a lower penetration of the fungicides in the grape pulp.     

Potential of Glycosidase from Non‐Saccharomyces Isolates for Enhancement of Wine Aroma

The aim of this work was to rapidly screen indigenous yeasts with high levels of β‐glucosidase activity and assess the potential of glycosidase extracts for aroma enhancement in winemaking. A semiquantitative colorimetric assay was applied using 96‐well plates to screen yeasts from 3 different regions of China. Isolates with high β‐glucosidase activity were confirmed by the commonly used pNP assay. Among 493 non‐Saccharomyces isolates belonging to 8 generas, 3 isolates were selected for their high levels of β‐glucosidase activity and were identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia membranifaciens, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa by sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain. β‐Glucosidase in the glycosidase extract from H. uvarum strain showed the highest activity in winemaking conditions among the selected isolates. For aroma enhancement in winemaking, the glycosidase extract from H. uvarum strain exhibited catalytic specificity for aromatic glycosides of C₁₃‐norisoprenoids and some terpenes, enhancing fresh floral, sweet, berry, and nutty aroma characteristics in wine.     

大型和国有农产品批发市场在改善食品安全问题中的责任与机遇——以干货为例

我国食品安全问题的解决在不同的经济主体和生产流通环节上有不同的困难,这些困难涉及政治、经济、社会等各方面。本文以干货为例分析了不同的经济主体和生产流通环节中解决食品安全问题的可能性和困难,建议政府应该对农产品加工作坊、集散地和批发市场的干货加强产品检验和管理力度。大型和国有的农产品批发市场可以有所作为,并借机提高自己的竞争力和市场空间。