Quercetagetin loaded in soy protein isolate–κ-carrageenan complex: Fabrication mechanism and protective effect

In the present study, the potential of soy protein isolate (SPI)–κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) complex as a protective carrier for quercetagetin was investigated at different pH values (pH 2.3 and 6.5). The particle size of the ternary aggregates was slightly increased at pH 2.3, yet dramatically decreased at pH 6.5 with increasing quercetagetin concentration. Moreover, the negative ζ-potential of the ternary aggregates was increased significantly (p < 0.05) at pH 6.5. The addition of quercetagetin to the SPI–κ-CG complex could highly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of SPI. Circular dichroism spectra further suggested that the bound quercetagetin could induce the rise of β-sheet and β-turn contents at the cost of α-helix and unordered coil fractions of SPI. In addition, quercetagetin could increase the viscoelasticity of the ternary aggregates at both pH. Furthermore, the SPI–κ-CG complex was found to be superior to single SPI or κ-CG in terms of improving light stability and radical scavenging ability of quercetagetin.     

Single- and multi-cycle high hydrostatic pressure treatment on microbiological quality of mud snail (Bullacta exarata) during refrigerated storage

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing is an industrial technology used for preservation of a wide range of food products, and vacumm-packed mud snails (Bullacta exarata) were HHP processed to ensure food safety and shelf-life stability. The effects of single- and multi-cycle HHP treatment, especially the combination of different intensities, on the microbial behavior and shelf-life extension of B. exarata during subsequent storage were investigated. Total microbial count, psychrophilic microorganisms, Clostridium bacteria, total Enterobacteriaceae and H₂S-producing bacteria were enumerated during subsequent refrigerated storage, and Gompertz model was chosen to predict the shelf-life, growth rate, lag time and generation time. The results showed that the initial microbial load was obviously reduced as the pressure increased. Total Enterobacteriaceae and H₂S-producing bacteria were not detected in multi-cycle HHP processing during refrigerated storage. Moreover, multi-cycle HHP method (B + F) could improve the shelf-life of B. exarata for more than 38 days. The model indicated that the lag time for Clostridium bacteria processed with multi-cycle HHP (B + F) was extended to 24.65 days. Our findings will be of aid for the establishment of general process guidelines, and demonstrated that multi-cycle HHP technology has potential for application in mud snail preservation and processing.     

低盐固态酱油原料蒸煮过程中蛋白质变性的研究

低盐固态酱油渣中残留大量蛋白质,造成极大的原料浪费。蒸料时蛋白变性过度不利于发酵中蛋白酶解,降低了原料利用率。基于Osborne分类法,研究了不同蒸煮条件下熟料蛋白质组分的变化规律。结果表明:蒸料后清蛋白和球蛋白首先部分转化为较难溶解的谷蛋白,随着加热程度的增强,谷蛋白转化为不溶的残渣蛋白,降低了熟料蛋白的可利用性。结合熟料消化率作为指标,确定了蛋白质变性适度的蒸煮条件为:80℃润水20min,125℃蒸煮5min,熟料消化率可达73.12%。对生产中提高低盐固态酱油的原料利用率提供了指导意义。     

可得然胶功能性质及其在食品中的应用研究进展

可得然胶是一种微生物胞外多糖,具有良好的凝胶性、持水性、增稠性及冻融稳定等特性,在食品工业中得到广泛的应用。随着可得然胶应用研究的不断深入,近年来有关可得然胶的报道越来越多。本文综述了可得然胶的来源、化学结构及功能特性,重点阐述了可得然胶在各类食品加工领域应用的最新进展,以期为可得然胶进一步在食品加工中的应用提供理论参考。     

Recent advances in the understanding of heat set gelling polysaccharides

Since the mechanism of heat set gelation is not well-understood, the recent advances in the understanding of the gelation of Konjac glucomannan and curdlan are described mainly based on rheological and thermal studies. Although both gels formed at sufficiently higher temperatures are thermo-irreversible, hydrogen bonding is believed to play an important role in the network formation. The contribution of hydrophobic interaction should be also studied further.     

槲皮素、山柰酚和芦丁对高果糖和高脂饮食诱导的大鼠代谢综合征的影响

本研究在同一水平比较了3?种结构相似的黄酮——槲皮素、山柰酚和芦丁对大鼠代谢综合征的影响效果。SD大鼠分为5?组：基础饮食组、高糖高脂饮食组（模型组）、加入槲皮素（2.6?mmol/kg?mb）的高糖高脂饮食组、加入山柰酚（2.6?mmol/kg?mb）的高糖高脂饮食组、加入芦丁（2.6?mmol/kg?mb）的高糖高脂饮食组,持续饲喂13?周。测定血清生化指标、氧化应激指标、促炎细胞因子水平和肝脏组织学变化。结果表明：与喂食高糖高脂饲料的模型组（（33.00±0.67）U/L）相比,槲皮素能显著降低大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶活力至（25.00±0.67）U/L（P＜0.05）;山柰酚能有效降低大鼠体质量增加和减少脂肪堆积,且大鼠最终平均体质量比模型组降低了10.7%。在口服葡萄糖耐量实验中,模型组的曲线下面积为（13.80±0.45）mmol/（L·min）,而芦丁组显著下降至（12.10±0.13）mmol/（L·min）（P＜0.05）。说明3?种黄酮均可有效改善大鼠代谢综合征;且尽管这些化合物具有相似的结构,但产生的生物学作用不同。     

牛血清白蛋白与花青素纳米颗粒的特性及稳定性研究

目的：研究牛血清白蛋白（bovine serum albumin,BSA）与花青素相互作用形成的纳米颗粒的特性,及其对花青素的氧化稳定性的影响。方法：采用扫描透射电子显微镜和纳米粒度仪,研究BSA与笃斯越橘花青素形成纳米颗粒的表观形态及粒径大小,用盐析法测定BSA对花青素的结合量,并用自由基（DPPH自由基、ABTS＋·）清除方法和胃肠模拟体系分别研究BSA对花青素氧化稳定性的影响。结果：BSA-花青素在磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 7.4）中能通过自组装形成纳米颗粒,其纳米颗粒较BSA的粒径变小,由30～35 nm减小到15～20 nm。BSA对花青素的结合量是每摩尔BSA分子上结合的花青素为10 mol。BSA-花青素纳米颗粒较花青素的DPPH自由基、ABTS＋·清除能力明显增强。在胃模拟体系中,BSA与花青素结合对花青素稳定性没有显著性影响;在肠模拟体系中,BSA与花青素结合对花青素稳定性有显著性影响,未结合的花青素在6 h后含量降低70%左右,而有BSA结合的花青素含量几乎保持不变,表明BSA与花青素结合对花青素的氧化稳定性有明显的保护作用。     

Investigation into the Maillard reaction between ɛ-polylysine and dextran in subcritical water and evaluation of the functional properties of the conjugates

The effects of temperature and pressure on the Maillard reaction between ?-polylysine and dextran in subcritical water were investigated. Browning index was determined at 420 nm, and degree of graft was estimated by O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) method. The formation of conjugates by Maillard reaction was testified by UV–vis spectrum and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The emulsifying activity of the conjugates was greatly improved with the rise of temperature. The antimicrobial activity of the conjugates formed below 110 °C remained the same as ?-polylysine, and then decreased obviously when the reaction temperature was above 120 °C. The reaction pressure (0–10 MPa) had no effect on the emulsifying and antimicrobial activities, but higher pressure could effectively inhibit the formation of browning compounds.