NFC苹果浊汁褐变与品质相关性研究

褐变是果汁品质劣变的重要因素之一.通过模拟NFC苹果浊汁开封后在未完全密闭状态下,于4℃和20℃短期贮藏期间的自然褐变过程,探讨苹果浊汁褐变过程与营养及风味变化的关系.结果表明,NFC苹果浊汁贮藏过程中褐变程度受贮藏温度和时间的直接影响.在两种贮藏温度下,果汁颜色均随贮藏时间延长不断加深,总酚和维生素C含量逐渐下降;可溶性固形物含量降低和可滴定酸含量增高导致糖酸比下降.20℃贮藏期间,果汁品质劣变迅速;4℃贮藏初期,果汁品质变化不明显,但在后期劣变速度明显加快.NFC苹果浊汁在贮藏前期芳香族化合物、氮氧化合物等挥发性风味物质有所减少,而在贮藏后期碳氢化合物、无机硫化物、烷烃类和脂肪族类物质逐渐增加.褐变与NFC苹果浊汁品质指标的相关性分析表明:冷藏条件下褐变程度与浊汁口味和挥发性风味的相关性更强,而常温贮藏下与浊汁营养物质含量的相关性更强.研究结果可丰富果汁贮藏机理,以期为苹果浊汁加工及开封后短期贮藏过程中品质变化研究及调控提供理论借鉴.     

珍珠龙胆石斑鱼无水保活过程中滋味变化规律研究

为探究无水保活过程中珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的滋味变化规律,通过电子舌分析结果,核苷酸、有机酸和游离氨基酸等测定指标,研究了无水保活0、3、6、9、12 h后石斑鱼鱼肉的滋味变化情况.研究结果表明:电子舌PCA分析中,PC1和PC2的累积贡献率为90.29％,可以反映样本的总体特性;与鲜样相比,保活后鱼肉的鲜味值和浓厚味值均显著...     

Recent advances in shelf life prediction models for monitoring food quality

Each year, 1.3 billion tons of food is lost due to spoilage or loss in the supply chain, accounting for approximately one third of global food production. This requires a manufacturer to provide accurate information on the shelf life of the food in each stage. Various models for monitoring food quality have been developed and applied to predict food shelf life. This review classified shelf life models and detailed the application background and characteristics of commonly used models to better understand the different uses and aspects of the commonly used models. In particular, the structural framework, application mechanisms, and numerical relationships of commonly used models were elaborated. In addition, the study focused on the application of commonly used models in the food field. Besides predicting the freshness index and remaining shelf life of food, the study addressed aspects such as food classification (maturity and damage) and content prediction. Finally, further promotion of shelf life models in the food field, use of multivariate analysis methods, and development of new models were foreseen. More reliable transportation, processing, and packaging methods could be screened out based on real-time food quality monitoring.     

Effects of four multi-compound freezing medium on the quality of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) during frozen storage

Taking air freezing (AF) as the reference, the effects of four types of multi-compound freezing medium for cryogenic liquid quick-freezing (immersion freezing, IF) on the freezing rate, quality and myofibrillar protein (MP) denaturation of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fillets during frozen storage (−18°C) from days 0 to 90 were studied. Samples were gathered on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 for analysis. The results showed that IF groups (IF-1: 20% ethanol, 30% propylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-2: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% glycerol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-3: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% polyethylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-4: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 5% glycerol, 5% polyethylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution) significantly shortened the time to cross the formation zone of maximum ice crystals while the freezing rate was 6.13 times higher than the AF group after adding 30% propylene glycol as the freezing medium. Furthermore, compared with the AF group, the IF groups significantly reduced losses in the water-holding capacity, the myofibrillar fragmentation index, microstructure damage, texture characteristics, drip loss and water migration (P < 0.05). In addition, the MP of IF groups had higher maximum transition temperatures (T_max1 and T_max2), total sulfhydryl content, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and relative α-helix content compared with the AF group. In conclusion, IF could significantly increase the freezing rate of red drum fillets, and slow down quality deterioration and denaturation of MP during frozen storage for 90 days (−18°C). In particular, IF-2 (20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% glycerol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution) was found to be more suitable for the immersion freezing of marine fish among the four multi-compound freezing medium.     

高压处理大豆分离蛋白水解物对羊肉糜凝胶特性及贮藏期氧化稳定性的影响

为研究添加不同高压处理(0.1、100、200、300 MPa)的大豆分离蛋白水解物(soy protein isolate hydrolysate, SPIH)对羊肉糜凝胶特性及贮藏期间氧化稳定性的影响,以未添加水解物的羊肉糜为对照组,测定了羊肉糜的质构、流变特性和微观结构,同时检测了在4℃贮藏8 d的过程中,羊肉糜的色差、酸价、硫代巴比妥酸值、羰基及总巯基含量。结果表明：与对照组相比,添加不同高压处理的SPIH的羊肉糜硬度、弹性及回复性显著提高(P<0.05);升温过程中,添加不同高压处理的SPIH的羊肉糜弹性模量G′均先下降后上升,且在整个升温过程中,SPIH处理压力为200 MPa时,羊肉糜的G′值始终最高;同一频率振荡下,添加200 MPa处理的SPIH的羊肉糜G′值也最高;扫描电镜结果显示,与对照组相比,添加水解物的羊肉糜结构更加致密均匀;随着贮藏时间的延长,添加不同压力下原料肉质量2.0%的SPIH能够抑制羊肉糜的b~*值(黄度)、酸价、硫代巴比妥酸值和羰基含量的上升以及L~*值(亮度)、a~*值(红度)和总巯基含量的下降,且200 MPa处理的SPIH抑制脂肪、蛋...     

Physicochemical properties of pressure moisture treated (PMT) and heat moisture treated (HMT) starches

Physicochemical properties of pressure moisture treated (PMT, 550 MPa, 10 min) and heat moisture treated (HMT, 100 °C, 10 h) starches were investigated. Effects of PMT and HMT were different depending on starch type. PMT starches showed dramatic changes in moisture sorption isotherm, pasting properties, thermal characteristics, solubility and swelling power (at 90 °C), and in vitro digestibility. The most dramatic difference between PMT and HMT starches was amylopectin melting transition, i.e., broadening in PMT and shift to high temperature in HMT starches. Moreover, B- and C-type starches revealed the more increase in amylopectin melting enthalpy than A-type starch. Both PMT and HMT did not increase the crystallinity but reorganized the amorphous area to compact, resulting in lower rapidly digestible starch and higher slowly digestible starch than those of native starches. Consequently, PMT changed the digestibility and physicochemical properties of starches with different modes of action compared with HMT.