离子强度对乌鳢胶原蛋白短肽聚集结构及理化特性的作用

为了研究乌鳢胶原肽在6种不同离子强度诱导下聚集的结构与特性的变化规律,对聚集体变化过程中的内源荧光、浊度、微观结构、粒径、黏度及其二级结构进行测定。结果表明,在0～500 mM的Na Cl范围内,离子强度具有促进胶原蛋白肽自组装聚集的效果,且聚集速率随离子强度的增大而增加。在0～150 mM范围内,胶原蛋白肽聚集的三维网络紧密性增加,聚集体平均粒径增大74.42%,最大剪切黏度增加487.67%。当离子强度在150～500 mM范围时,胶原蛋白肽三维网络紧密性降低,聚集体平均粒径下降,最大剪切黏度降低21.39%。胶原蛋白肽聚集体的二级结构并没有随离子强度变化而发生明显变化。因此,适度的增大样品离子强度可促进胶原肽的自组装聚集,改善其凝胶的三维网络结构和理化特性,为胶原蛋白肽进一步应用于制备药物载体的研究提供参考。     

Content of amino acids and the quality of protein in Brussels sprouts,both raw and prepared for consumption

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the content of amino acids and the quality of protein in Brussels sprouts. The investigation included the raw material, cooked sample and two types of frozen product stored at ?20 °C for 12 months and then prepared for consumption. The frozen products investigated were obtained using the traditional method (blanching before freezing) and the modified method (cooking before freezing, then defrosting and heating in microwave oven after refrigerated storage) of the ready-to-eat type. Brussels sprouts, both fresh and prepared for consumption, were a good source of protein and amino acids. Proline and glutamic acid were dominating; leucine and tyrosine with phenylalanine were limiting amino acids. The product obtained by modified method contained 16% less amino acids in 16 g N than the raw material and 14% less than the raw material after cooking, and also 10% lower than that of the traditionally obtained product.     

The effect of exposure to pressure of 50 MPa on Cheddar cheese ripening

The possibility of acceleration of commercial Cheddar cheese ripening by exposure to a high pressure (HP) treatment of 50 MPa for 3 days at 25°C at different stages of ripening was investigated. Proteolysis was examined in the treated and untreated cheeses by measurement of pH 4.6 water soluble nitrogen, expressed as g/100 g total N (pH 4.6 SN/TN), urea-PAGE, reverse phase (RP) HPLC, analysis of molecular mass distribution by gel permeation and measurement of free amino acids (FAA) in the pH 4.6 SN. There was an immediate increase in pH 4.6 SN/TN and FAA in cheese HP-treated at 2 days of age, although this effect decreased with cheese age. Urea-PAGE analysis of cheese samples indicated that HP treatment accelerated degradation of α_s1-casein and accumulation of α_s1-I-casein (f 24-199). RP-HPLC profiles indicated quantitative but not qualitative differences between treated and non-treated samples. Confocal laser scanning microscopy did not indicate any gross structural changes in the cheese matrix as a result of exposure to 50 MPa for 3 days at 25°C. It was concluded that the enhancement of proteolysis observed may be attributed to a combination of the temperature and pressure used in the treatment.     

香蕉胡萝卜复合果蔬汁的发酵工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以香蕉和胡萝卜为原料,植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentium）为发酵菌种,在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法对香蕉胡萝卜复合果蔬汁饮料发酵工艺进行优化,并评价发酵后复合果蔬汁的抗氧化活性。结果表明,复合果蔬汁饮料的最佳发酵工艺条件为香蕉汁与胡萝卜汁体积比1.7∶1.0,发酵时间50.0 h,菌种添加量4.4%,发酵温度32.0 ℃。在此优化工艺条件下,香蕉胡萝卜复合果蔬汁饮料的口感风味良好,感官评分为85分,活菌数为5.8×106 CFU/mL,pH值为3.29,可溶性固形物为12.00%,总酸为9.66 g/100 mL,还原糖为5.65 g/100 mL。该饮料对DPPH、ABTS、羟基自由基的最大清除率分别为53.60%、77.00%、46.97%,表明复合果蔬汁具有一定抗氧化活性。     

包装材料对鲜切菠萝保鲜效果的影响

研究不同包装材料对鲜切菠萝的保鲜效果。菠萝经挑选、去皮后切成1.5～2.0cm厚的切片,用0.5%柠檬酸溶液浸泡护色3min后,放入塑料托盘中,分别用PE保鲜膜、HDPE保鲜袋和PE/PP复合袋包裹,或放入PET保鲜盒中并用带有1个直径3mm的盖封口,放入5℃的冰柜里冷藏10d;当天和每2d检测1次样品。结果表明,透气性差的PE/PP袋和PET盒较PE膜和HDPE袋更有利于减少鲜切菠萝的失重、褐变、渗汁、相对电导率增加和还原型抗坏血酸损失,但不同包装材料对总酸和可溶性固形物含量的影响不大。     

热处理对鲜切哈密瓜品质及其微生物的影响

为研究热处理对鲜切哈密瓜品质及其微生物的影响,分别采用75、85、95℃热水对鲜切哈密瓜烫漂30、60s,在冷藏(5℃)过程中每2d测定鲜切哈密瓜的菌落总数、色泽、还原型抗坏血酸、总酸、可溶性固形物、相对电导率和渗汁率。结果表明:在热处理当天,95℃、60s处理杀菌的效果最好,菌落总数为28CFU/g,而对照的菌落总数为1.3×103CFU/g,两者相差约46倍;第10天时,对照组的菌落总数为1.8×108CFU/g,而含量最低的95℃、30s处理的鲜切哈密瓜的菌落总数为2.4×105CFU/g,两者相差750倍;在处理当天和贮存过程中,热处理对还原型抗坏血酸含量、总酸含量、可溶性固形物含量和渗汁率有一定影响,但对色泽几乎没有影响。     

复合防腐剂延长鱼糕保质期研究

为解决传统鱼糕储藏难的问题,研究应用复合防腐剂有效延长鱼糕保质期的方法。通过单因素试验,从6 种防腐剂中选取了Nisin(乳酸链球菌素)、ε- 聚赖氨酸和山梨酸钾3 种对鱼糕腐败菌抑制作用较强的防腐剂;运用响应面法,复配出最优组合复合防腐剂,其配比量为Nisin 质量分数0.023%～0.034%、ε- 聚赖氨酸质量分数0.022%～0.028%、山梨酸钾质量分数0.04%～0.06%。验证实验结果表明,复合防腐剂能有效抑制鱼糕微生物的生长,在0～4℃条件下储藏,鱼糕的保质期可达10 周左右。     

杨桃多酚氧化酶的部分纯化及其特性研究

杨桃多酚氧化酶粗酶液经过DEAE-Toyopearl650M离子交换柱层析,Butyl-Toyopearl650M疏水柱层析后,被纯化了21.6倍,回收率为45.2%。该酶能迅速地催化焦性没食子酸的酶促氧化反应,而对邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、对苯二酚和绿原酸则完全无催化活性。该酶对焦性没食子酸的Km值为7.92mmol/L,其最适pH为8.0,pH稳定性范围在pH4.0-11.0,最适温度为60℃,热稳定性相对较高,在≥90℃加热30min后仍残留约9%的酶活性。该酶的最佳抑制剂是抗坏血酸,其次是NaHSO3和盐酸-L-半胱氨酸,Cu2+、Zn2+、Ca2+等金属离子对该酶也有一定的抑制作用。     

多酶级联系统制备蒜糖醇的细胞工厂构建及工艺优化

蒜糖醇是一种在食品、医药等领域具有较大应用前景的新型功能性甜味剂。为实现蒜糖醇的绿色生物合成,基于稀有糖转化策略通过共表达葡萄糖异构酶、D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶及核糖醇脱氢酶,在大肠杆菌体内建立了利用廉价底物D-葡萄糖生产蒜糖醇的多酶级联系统;并通过偶联甲酸脱氢酶构建辅因子循环系统,提高胞内还原型辅酶Ⅰ的再生效率。为平衡多酶级联系统中的个体表达差异,以全细胞催化活性为指标,对细胞工厂的发酵条件和催化条件进行了优化。结果表明:重组菌在20℃、1.00mmol/L异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷的发酵条件下,诱导24h可得到较佳的蛋白质表达量;在40℃、50mmol/L Tris-HCl (pH值8.0)及5.0g/L甲酸钠的催化条件下,全细胞可在15h内转化25.00g/L的D-葡萄糖生成19.33g/L蒜糖醇。通过表达系统的优化进一步降低了底物和中间产物的残留量,蒜糖醇的产量提高至21.12g/L。研究旨在为全细胞生物转化法实现蒜糖醇的规模化合成提供理论依据,探索以预处理甘蔗糖蜜为底物生产蒜糖醇的可行性,希望对延长糖产业链,提高糖产品附加值起到积极作用。     

罗非鱼鳞胶原蛋白复合凝胶的防辐射作用及理化性质研究

为了研究罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白复合凝胶抗紫外辐射作用及理化性质的变化。本文采用三种促凝剂分别与鱼鳞胶原蛋白形成复合凝胶,研究促凝剂对其抗紫外辐射作用及理化性质的影响。结果表明:凝胶的吸光值随可得然胶质量的增加而减小;在紫外灯照射300s后,胶原蛋白和明胶、琼脂、可得然胶复合凝胶保护下的大肠杆菌存活率分别为0、46.43%±0.75%、33.28%±0.75%、62.06%±0.75%。因此,可得然胶复合凝胶抗紫外辐射效果最好;促凝剂的种类和质量对胶原蛋白的硬度、黏性和回弹性有明显影响;扫描电镜观察发现可得然胶与胶原蛋白有效结合,形成结构较稳定的复配物;通过流变学方法确定胶原凝胶的黏弹性发现,可得然胶形成的凝胶弹性模量G'和黏性模量G"较大,且时间和温度的变化对其影响较小。研究结果为罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白复合凝胶材料防辐射作用的研究提供了可以借鉴的科学依据。