Influence of modified fiber–MHSH hybrids on fire hazards,combustion dynamics,and mechanical properties of flame-retarded poly(butylene succinate) composites

Environmental problems caused by polymers and polymers have historically dominated both academic and industrial attention. Sustainable biodegradable wood-plastic composites (WPCs) as an optimum can solve the environmentally critical problems caused by petroleum-based polymers. However, they are flammable, prone to fire accidents, and often have a contradiction between mechanical performance and flame-retardant properties, which limits their range of applications. Here, we reported a flame-retarded poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) WPC prepared with modified natural fiber-magnesium hydroxide sulfate whisker (MHSH) hybrids and intumescent flame retardant s (IFRs). The mechanical performance, flame-retardant properties , thermal stability, and actual fire simulation parameters of composites were investigated. Owing to the unique composition characteristics of modified cassava dregs-MHSH hybrids, the mechanical properties (70P/23I/5C/2M, flexural strength was 39.2 ± 1.960/MPa, impact strength was 7.95 ± 0.3975/ [KJ/m²]), flame retardant properties (70P/23I/5C/2M, the limiting oxygen index value was 39.6%, UL-94 was V0) and thermal stability of WPC have been improved. Thereby, the balance between mechanical performance and flame retardant properties of biocomposites has been achieved in the practical engineering requirements. Furthermore, cone calorimeter data indicated that modified cassava dregs–MHSH hybrids played a role in improving the fire safety of composites. The total heat release, total smoke produce, toxic gas release, and total oxygen consumed of 70P/23I/5C/2M were lowered compared with those of 70P/25I/5C. Dynamics analysis indicated that the addition of modified cassava dregs–MHSH hybrids increased the activation energy of composites. Based on the experimental and analyses data, especially the morphological characterization of char residue analysis, it illustrated that modified cassava dregs–MHSH hybrids have a reinforcement and flame-retardant effect. The combusted residue of the incorporated modified cassava dregs–MHSH hybrids could support the three-dimensional charred layer formed by the combustion products of the IFR and the PBS. Thus, the more stable three-dimensional charred layer could not only effectively reduce thermal conductivity of composites but also hinder the propagation of heat into the interior substrate, thereby improving the flame-retardant properties of the WPC. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48490.     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的电喷雾质谱分析

The mass spectrum rule of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether(AEO) with different number ethoxy(EO) was discussed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS). The main peak of AEO is [M＋Na]^＋ peak, and the response value differ with number of EO. The ionization efficiency is low when the number of EO is high and low, and the ion strength is disproportionate to the concentration of sample, so the value of the number of EO detected should be revised as it is not consistent with actual number. The dimer ＋Na^＋ peak of and trimer＋Na^＋ peak will appear when the concentration of the sample injected or the intensity of the trap ion is high.     

食品微生物学样品采集操作规程的探讨

鉴于微生物学样品采集在食品检验过程中的重要性,探讨微生物样品的无菌采集操作标准化规程,规范操作,确保检测结果的准确性。本文综合多种情况多种参考方法进行归纳总结,方便实验人员了解食品微生物学样品的采集和抽样,使样品的采集更规范更严谨,确保检测质量。     

超声提取-ICP-MS法测定土壤中有效态铅和镉

本实验以DTPA为提取剂,建立了超声提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定土壤中有效态铅和镉的方法。实验考察了超声提取时间、溶液稀释倍数、测定条件等因素,并对基体干扰的消除进行了对比研究。在优化的ICP-MS 条件下,有效态铅和镉在1~200 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限分别为0.019 mg/kg、0.001 4 mg/kg,相对标准偏差小于6%（n=6）。用国家土壤标准物质进行方法精密度和准确度验证,相对误差小于5%（n=6）,该测定结果与国家标准方法（GB/T 23739-2009）一致,经t检验表明两者无显著性差异。该方法简便快捷、检出限低,具有良好的准确度和精密度,可满足大批量农业土壤污染调查样品中有效态铅和镉的分析要求。     

猪肉菌落总数检验中不确定度的评定

目的建立猪肉中菌落总数检测结果的不确定度评定方法。方法依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和GB4789.2-2010《食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》以及相关统计学方法,对样品不确定度进行评定。结果依据所采用的方法,对同一样品测定10次菌落总数的扩展不确定度为0.090,k=2。结论本研究可以对单个样品的菌落总数检测结果的不确定度作出较好的估计,可适用于日常工作中菌落计数的不确定度评定。     

Cobalt‐Doping in Molybdenum‐Carbide Nanowires Toward Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts provides one of the most promising pathways to face the energy crisis. Herein, facile cobalt‐doping based on Co‐modified MoO_x–amine precursors is developed to optimize the electrochemical HER over Mo₂C nanowires. The effective Co‐doping into Mo₂C crystal structure increases the electron density around Fermi level, resulting in the reduced strength of Mo–H for facilitated HER kinetics. As expected, the Co‐Mo₂C nanowires with an optimal Co/Mo ratio of 0.020 display a low overpotential (η₁₀ = 140 and 118 mV for reaching a current density of –10 mA cm^?2; η₁₀₀ = 200 and 195 mV for reaching a current density of –100 mA cm^?2), a small Tafel slope (39 and 44 mV dec^?1), and a low onset overpotential (40 and 25 mV) in 0.5 m H₂SO₄ and 1.0 m KOH, respectively. This work highlights a feasible strategy to explore efficient electrocatalysts via engineering on composition and nanostructure.     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法测定保健食品中 磷脂酰丝氨酸的方法优化

目的优化高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法测定保健食品中磷脂酰丝氨酸含量的分析方法。方法以氯仿-甲醇溶液(9:1, V:V)为提取剂,样品经旋涡混合辅助超声提取后高效液相色谱仪测定。以硅胶柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)作为分离柱,流动相为异丙醇:水:乙酸:三乙胺(84:16:1.5:0.08, V:V:V:V),流速1.0 mL/min,等度洗脱,柱温40℃。蒸发光散射检测器选择不分流模式,漂移管温度100℃,载气(氮气)流速为2.0 L/min,增益值为200。结果磷脂酰丝氨酸在20～320mg/L浓度范围内现呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9999,加标回收率为95.7%～100.7%,检出限为4.0 mg/100 g,定量限为11 mg/100 g。采用该方法对14种保健食品中磷脂酰丝氨酸的含量进行测定,结果符合产品质量标准。结论该方法适用范围广,有机溶剂用量少,数据准确可靠和重现性好,可满足实验要求。     

壳聚糖基吸附剂制备及其对重金属离子的吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖(CS)为原材料、戊二醛为交联剂,制备了吸附材料壳聚糖/石墨烯(CS/GO)、壳聚糖/纳米二氧化硅(CS/SiO₂)复合微粒。研究了吸附剂CS/GO、CS/SiO₂、交联CS对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺的吸附去除性能。结果表明,3种材料对重金属离子的最大吸附容量顺序为: CS/GO>CS/SiO₂>交联CS; 3种吸附剂材料中CS/GO网络结构最发达,孔隙最多,比表面积最大,吸附性能最好。在模拟废水实验中,当pH=7、吸附剂用量6 g/L、时间30 min条件下,复合颗粒CS/SiO₂对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺的吸附率分别达到99.48%、98.50%和98.49%; CS/GO对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺的吸附率分别达到99.20%、96.76%和99.40%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中9种禁用生物碱

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法同时测定化妆品中9种禁用生物碱.采用水作为样品分散剂,氨水-甲醇(2:98,V/V)作为提取剂,使用正己烷除脂,实现一步完成提取与净化;用Poroshell 120 Bonus-RP色谱柱分离,以0.2％甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾正离子模式下,以...     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鲜虾中镉含量的不确定度评定

目的 建立石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定泰虾中镉的不确定度评定方法。方法 样品经微波消解后稀释,将一定量的样品消解液注入原子吸收分光光度计的石墨炉原子化器中。采用标准曲线法定量。分析了测定过程中的不确定度来源,对不确定度的组成进行了评定和量化。根据数学模型计算了样品中镉的含量,合成了标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果 石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定泰虾中镉含量为1.6 mg/kg,扩展不确定度为0.2 mg/kg(k = 2),结果表达为 (1.6 ± 0.2) mg/kg,k = 2。结论 结果表明,不确定度的主要来源是样品溶液中镉浓度的测定,其次是重复测定和加标回收试验,其他因素引起的不确定度可以忽略。