《化妆品安全技术规范》准用防腐剂 列表解读

介绍和总结了化妆品安全技术规范中防腐剂更新内容,并与《化妆品卫生规范》(2007)和欧盟化妆品法规(EC)No 1223/2009规定进行比较,同时提出了将来法规修订时需要考虑我国的特殊情况及如何减少对行业的冲击。     

Polysaccharides in Lentinus edodes: Isolation,Structure, Immunomodulating Activity and Future Prospective

Lentinus edodes has been valued as edible and medical resources. Polysaccharides have been known to be the most potent antitumor and immunomodulating substance in Lentinus edodes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the polysaccharides isolated from Lentinus edodes, including extraction and purification methods, chemical structure and chain conformation, the effects on innate and adaptive immunity and their mechanism, relationship between structure and function, and the future prospects.     

结合预处理方法的酶法制备美藤果肽工艺的优化

以美藤果粕为原料,制备美藤果肽。通过对比多种预处理方式,筛选出可促进蛋白水解的预处理方法,在此基础上利用响应面实验优化美藤果肽的酶法制肽工艺,并分析此法制得的肽相对分子量。结果表明:碱性蛋白酶最适宜用于美藤果肽的制备,而添加0.15%~0.45%亚硫酸钠、表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)或采用不同频率的超声预处理,能使美藤果蛋白酶解效果提升10%~50%,其中40 Hz的超声预处理效果最佳。响应面实验优化得到的最佳工艺为:40 Hz 15 min超声处理美藤果粕,添加7600 U/g碱性蛋白酶,52℃下酶解6 h,美藤果蛋白水解度为18.21%,得到相对分子量小而集中的寡肽(<1000 Da占94.64%),其中分子量在180~500 Da范围的占过半比例。     

Comparison and Characterization of Compounds with Antioxidant Activity in Lycium barbarum Using High‐Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Coupled with DPPH Bioautography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Methanol extracts from 50 batches of Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum, wolfberry) in China were compared and characterized using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography coupled with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) bioautography (HPTLC‐DPPH) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS), respectively. Results showed that similar components occupying the major antioxidant activity existed in L. barbarum collected from different origins. However, the average antioxidant capacities of methanol extracts of L. barbarum collected in Ningxia were significantly higher than those of Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu, which may contribute to rational use of L. barbarum in China. Furthermore, the chemical structure of compound with the highest antioxidant capacity was tentatively identified as 2‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐l ‐ascorbic acid using ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis, which possessed high potentials to be used as an antioxidant biomarker for the quality control of L. barbarum. Results are helpful for the bioactivity‐based quality control of L. barbarum, and beneficial for the improvement of their performance in functional/health foods area, suggesting that HPTLC‐DPPH bioautography with ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS could be used as a routine approach for quality control of antioxidant components in L. barbarum.     

保健食品在增强儿童免疫方面的积极作用

针对儿童免疫系统发育不完善而易发生感染性疾病这一特点,保健品行业推出一系列儿童保健食品,但是儿童是否该服用保健食品一直存在争议.本文将儿童免疫系统的发育和传统中医对儿童生长发育过程的理论相结合考虑,从而提出适当的保健食品辅助对儿童生长发育是有利的.     

香菇脆的低温真空油炸工艺优化

该研究以新鲜整颗香菇为原料制备香菇脆,对低温真空油炸工艺进行优化,并探究了香菇品种对香菇脆产品品质的影响。结果表明：加工工艺对香菇脆的理化性质和微观结构影响显著。与先浸渍再冷冻工艺相比,先冷冻/解冻再浸渍工艺香菇脆的微观结构破坏程度更高,香菇脆的油脂含量从5.51%上升至8.75%,总糖含量从78.04%下降至72.75%。麦芽糖浆糖渍液中添加甘蔗汁后,香菇脆微观结构出现不规则的粗糙孔隙,总含糖量从72.21%降至59.05%,油脂含量稍有提升。超声辅助浸渍处理对香菇脆的总糖含量无影响,但有利于油脂的离心脱除,其油脂含量降至5.50%。综合考虑,使用麦芽糖浆和甘蔗汁混合糖液为糖渍液,冷冻/解冻、超声辅助浸渍为真空油炸香菇脆的最优生产工艺。另外,香菇品种对香菇脆的理化、感官、质构性质和微观结构均有影响。香菇尺寸对香菇脆的总糖含量和油脂含量并无显著影响,但小尺寸香菇脆含水量较低,感官性质、脆性和酥性均优于大、中尺寸香菇脆。0912型香菇脆的理化性质和感官评分最优,且香菇原料市场供应充足稳定,适合作为工业生产原料。     

含多重结构包覆载体技术的研究进展

概述了多重结构乳状液的结构类型、制备方法及其在药品、化妆品等领域的应用,综述了含多重结构的包覆载体,包括了脂质体、微胶囊和固体脂质纳米粒及其制备方法与研究现状,阐述了含多重结构的包覆载体的特性。     

Antioxidant and anti‐acetylcholinesterase activities of anchovy (Coilia mystus) protein hydrolysates and their memory‐improving effects on scopolamine‐induced amnesia mice

Anchovy protein hydrolysates (APHs) were prepared through hydrolysis for 2, 4 or 8 h (APH‐2, APH‐4 and APH‐8, respectively). The chemical analyses, in vitro assessments [antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity] and in vivo mice tests were evaluated. Results revealed that APH‐8 exhibited the strongest reducing power and AchE inhibitory capacity (IC₅₀ = 159.76 ± 0.03 mg mL^?1), which may be due to its specific amino acid composition and newly formed peptides. In addition, AchE inhibitory kinetics of amino acids suggested that lysine was featured of both competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors. Furthermore, the results of in vivo study showed that all APHs exhibited memory‐improving action on scopolamine‐induced amnesia mice especially, APH‐8, indicating that anchovy protein is a potential source for health‐promoting peptides.     

Effect of freeze dried,hot air dried and fresh onions on the composition of volatile sulfocompounds in onion oils

The bioactivity of onion, particularly its oil, has gained increasing research attention. Preparation of onion oil is challenging due to its low oil content and abundance of water. In this study, pilot-scale drying combined with laboratory extraction was conducted for sample preparation. GC/MS and solid phase microextraction (SPME) analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between onion oil and drying. Results showed that drying significantly influenced the sulfocompounds composition of onion oils. Dipropyl disulfide and dispropyl trisulfide were the most abundant compounds in fresh onions (accounting for 68.41% to 93.13% of the total volatile sulfocompounds). The total contents of sulfocompounds in vacuum freeze dried and hot air dried onion powder were 4.96% and 39.79%, respectively, which account for 24.59% to 48.89% of the total content. Dimethyl sulfides and thiophenes were the main compounds in the onion oils. The highest content of sulfocompounds was obtained in the oil of hot air dried powder. Pilot-scale hot air drying was the optimal pretreatment method for onion oil extraction. It enjoys lower energy lost, shorter process time, and higher quality of the oil compared with freeze drying. The results may be helpful for onion oil production and bioactivity evaluation.     

超临界CO2流体萃取五味子精油及精油成分区域性差异研究

采用超临界CO2萃取法(SCDE)萃取来自四地的五味子,探讨其木质素含量的区域性差异。超临界CO2萃取提取工艺条件为:萃取釜压力18MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间90min,解析釜压力6MPa。萃取结果采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行分析,以得油率和五味子木质素含量为各地五味子的品质评价指标,并与有机溶剂法萃取所得木质素含量作对比。对于提取五味子精油,超临界CO2萃取法的精油品质明显优于有机溶剂萃取法。四地五味子中各种木质素的含量区域性差异显著,且吉林长白山北五味子的得油率和总木质素含量最高。