Analysis of trace methylene blue in fish muscles using ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an emerging technology with great potential for sensitive and rapid analysis of trace methylene blue (MB) in fish muscle. Five different SERS substrates including two commercial nanostructured surface substrates and three types of Au nanoparticles (NPs) with different diameters were compared to optimize enhancement effects. The highest sensitivity with the lowest detection limit of 5 ng/mL for MB standard solutions and 10 ng/g for MB in fish muscles was achieved using the 18 ± 2 nm Au NPs. Partial least squares regression models developed for quantitative analysis showed high linear correlation between the actual and predicted values for MB (R2 cv = 0.958, RPD = 4.84, RMSE = 6.97 ng/g) in fish muscle. Since Au NPs are easy to prepare, stable and affordable, the high sensitivity and predictability of this method has the potential to be widely used for trace analysis of prohibited drug residues in fish and potentially other foods or biological samples.     

Review of the structural characterization,quality evaluation,and industrial application of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides

BackgroundLycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are considered to be the major bioactive components in L. barbarum. Due to the considerable health benefits of LBPs, and the significant research interest in LBPs, quality evaluation of LBPs and their related products is imperative for ensuring their efficacy and safety. The bioactivities of polysaccharides are closely associated with their physicochemical properties, which can be easily monitored via chemical techniques. Therefore, analysis of physicochemical properties is a more straightforward and viable approach for the quality control of polysaccharides.Scope and approachIn this review, special techniques for the structural characterization of LBPs are summarized and discussed. In addition, quality evaluation approaches of LBPs that have never been emphasized are highlighted herein. Furthermore, industrial applications of LBPs are reviewed and discussed.Key findings and conclusionsHigh-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection is one of the most effective techniques for analysis of both acidic and neutral LBPs. Size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detection is able to determine absolute molecular weights, chain conformations, and contents of LBPs. Fingerprinting analysis and saccharide mapping analysis are effective approaches for quality evaluation of LBPs. However, the lack of appropriate quality evaluation approaches indicates an unreliable regulation of LBPs and their related products. This reveals the deficiency in the quality control of commercial products. Thus, the development of reliable approaches for pharmacological activity-based quality control of LBPs and their related products must be extensively investigated.     

2015年内蒙古地区31批保健食品中污染菌的分离与鉴定

目的 对保健食品中的污染菌进行分离和鉴定。方法 按照GB 4789《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验》对31批次保健食品进行检验, 采用全自动细菌鉴定系统对污染菌进行鉴定。结果 从31批次的保健食品中分离、鉴定出64株污染菌, 在沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血性链球菌的检验中未检出目的菌, 但分离得到致病菌和条件致病菌, 分别是阴沟肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、气味沙雷菌、温和气单胞菌、赫氏埃希菌、阪崎肠杆菌、非脱羧勒菌、泛菌属、缓慢葡萄球菌、浅绿气球菌、哥伦比亚肠球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、产色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、铅黄肠球菌、屎肠球菌、以及枯草/解淀粉/萎缩芽孢杆菌、死谷芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌以及蜡样/苏云金/蕈状芽孢杆菌。结论 各种致病菌及条件致病菌的检出, 对消费者健康存在潜在的风险。通过分析污染菌的来源及危害, 提出提高保健食品卫生质量的建议, 为保健食品的生产、消毒灭菌、卫生学检验及监督管理等方面提供参考。     

内蒙古呼和浩特地区鸡源沙门氏菌分离鉴定、血清学鉴定及耐药性研究

目的 了解内蒙古呼和浩特地区市售整鸡的沙门氏菌污染状况,为建立食物污染及公共卫生安全提供数据支持。方法 2011～2012年仍呼和浩特地区采集冷冻、冷藏和现宰杀整鸡样品,迚行沙门氏菌的定性检测、血清分型及耐药性研究。结果 不同状态整鸡样品的沙门氏菌携带率明显不同,冷藏整鸡沙门氏菌检出率显著高于冷冻和现宰杀整鸡。血清型主要为肠炎沙门氏菌(Salmonella enteritidis)。36株沙门氏菌均对头孢替坦、亚胺培南最为敏感,对氨苄西林、哌拉西林、呋喃妥因、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢唑林等表现出不同程度的耐药性,多重耐药菌株中五耐最为严重(25%)。结论 内蒙古呼和浩特地区鸡肉中的沙门氏菌多重耐药现象比较严重。     

PP/PBAT薄膜阻隔性对沙葱采后品质及菌相结构的影响

目的 探讨不同组成的共混膜阻隔性对沙葱采后品质和微生物菌群结构的影响.方法 采用熔融共混法制备不同组分的聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯(PBAT)和聚丙烯(PP)共混薄膜,分析共混膜的阻隔性能;采用共混膜包装沙葱,分析沙葱的生理指标和微生物群落结构的变化.结果 当PBAT的质量分数为30％时,CO2透过系数(CDP)提高了49.7％,CO2和O2透过比(CDP/OP)提高了50.7％,H2O透过系数(WVP)提高了145.5％.厚度为35μm的PP/PBAT(30％)(PBAT质量分数为30％)薄膜包装沙葱,能够形成与沙葱匹配的气体环境(O2体积分数为0.48％～0.66％,CO2体积分数为5.98％～6.53％);低浓度O2高浓度CO2环境有效抑制了沙葱表面嗜温菌(Aerobic Bacterial Count,ABC)、嗜冷菌(Psychrophile Plate Count,PPC)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Count,PC)、霉菌和酵母菌(Yeast and Molds,YAM)的增殖,与PP包装比较,ABC降低了1.1 lg CFU/g,PPC降低了1.3 lg CFU/g,PC降低了1.47 lg CFU/g.结论 厚度为35μm的PP/PBAT(30％)薄膜包装沙葱能够有效降低呼吸速率和微生物的增殖侵染,维持稳定的采后品质.