基于多克隆抗体包被磁性纳米粒子的ELISA法检测西维因

建立一种基于抗体包被氨基化Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,建立免疫磁珠酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法用于检测氨基甲酸酯农药西维因。结果表明:在最佳条件下,西维因质量浓度在1×10-3~10 mg/L范围内,建立的免疫磁珠ELISA法具有较好的线性关系(y=8.87lnx+72.77,R2=0.994),抑制率最高可达90.6%;测得的半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)为0.077 mg/L,检出限(IC15)为1.48×10-3 mg/L。以质量浓度1 mg/L的西维因在相同条件下重复检测3次,相对标准偏差为1.67%。以大米和卷心菜为实际样品进行西维因加标回收率实验,通过免疫磁珠ELISA法测得的回收率为70.5%~123.1%,同时采用高效液相色谱法进行相关性验证,结果表明,2种方法检测结果的相关性较好(R2=0.91)。通过一系列分析表明,所建立的抗体包被磁性纳米粒子ELISA法可用于快速检测西维因。     

不同产地桃胶中蛋白质和氨基酸的含量测定与营养价值评价

目的 建立桃胶中蛋白质和氨基酸的定量分析方法,并对不同产地桃胶的氨基酸营养价值进行评价。方法 利用凯氏定氮仪和氨基酸分析仪对不同产地桃胶的蛋白质和氨基酸进行定量检测,通过对氨基酸测定的前处理过程的优化,最终确定为:称取0.5 g桃胶、2 mL水进行除酸;对桃胶中的氨基酸进行含量、成分及组成比例的分析,并通过氨基酸比值系数法评价不同产地桃胶的营养价值。结果 5个产地桃胶的蛋白质含量为0.34～0.46 g/100 g,均包含15种氨基酸,总氨基酸(total amino acid, TAA)含量为0.22～0.29 g/100 g;必需氨基酸(essentialaminoacid,EAA)/TAA比值范围为31.9%～34.7%,EAA/非必需氨基酸(nonessential aminoacids,NEAA)比值范围为48.0%～53.1%,与世界卫生组织/联合国粮食及农业组织(WorldHealth Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization, WHO/FAO)提出的氨基酸理想模式较接近;氨基酸比值系数分(scoreofratiocoe...     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定减肥食品中55种非法添加物

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定减肥类食品中55种非法添加物的分析方法。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取后,采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈ RRHD色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正负离子扫描条件下,采用动态多反应监测模式监测。结果 55种非法添加药物在相应的线性范围内均呈现良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.995,平均回收率75.2%～121.6%,相对标准偏差<12%,各化学药物的检测限在0.02～1.25μg/g。应用该方法对50批样品进行了检测,其中有38批次样品检出托拉塞米、大黄素、西布曲明、N-单去甲基西布曲明、N,N-双去甲基西布曲明、比沙可啶、麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、氢氯噻嗪、氟西汀等非法添加物。结论 该方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确、高效,兼具定性定量检测的优点,可用于食品中减肥类化学药物的高通量检测。     

柱前衍生液相色谱荧光检测法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖

目的建立一种柱前衍生高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖含量的分析方法。方法样品用2-氨基苯甲酰胺衍生后,经色谱柱分离,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测,外标峰加和分段法定量。结果建立的方法可以测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖含量。采用麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖、麦芽五糖、麦芽六糖和麦芽七糖建立标准曲线,在1～250μg/mL线性范围内相关系数(r~2)大于0.999。回收率为85.9%～103.5%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)小于5%,检出限为1.0 g/kg,定量限为3.0 g/kg。结论本方法方法重现性好,精密度高,解决了婴幼儿配方乳粉中高含量乳糖对低聚半乳糖测定的干扰问题,可以为食品中低聚半乳糖的定量提供良好的解决方案。     

Stable auto-tuning of hybrid adaptive fuzzy/neural controllers for nonlinear systems

In direct adaptive control, the adaptation mechanism attempts to adjust a parameterized nonlinear controller to approximate an ideal controller. In the indirect case, however, we approximate parts of the plant dynamics that are used by a feedback controller to cancel the system nonlinearities. In both cases, “approximators” such as linear mappings, polynomials, fuzzy systems, or neural networks can be used as either the parameterized nonlinear controller or identifier model. In this paper, we present an algorithm to tune the adaptation gain for a gradient-based hybrid update law used for a class of nonlinear continuous-time systems in both direct and indirect cases. In our proposed algorithm, the adaptation gain is obtained by minimizing the instantaneous control energy. Finally, we will demonstrate the performance of the algorithm via a wing rock regulation example.     

枸杞多糖特性和单糖组成及木糖醇含量的分析

目的 多种分析方法联合分析枸杞多糖特性和单糖组成及木糖醇含量。方法 枸杞干果采用水提醇沉的方法提取枸杞多糖,计算提取率。建立凝胶渗透色谱-示差检测-多角度激光光散射法测定枸杞多糖分子量及分子量分布;再将提取的枸杞多糖经三氟乙酸水解为单糖,建立高效阴离子色谱-积分脉冲安培法测定水解后的阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、果糖、木糖、岩藻糖、核糖9种单糖和木糖醇。结果 采用本法检测宁夏地区的10批枸杞,枸杞多糖得率为1.86%～3.21%;10批枸杞多糖的重均相对分子量为9.12×10⁵～3.65×10⁶ Da,离子色谱法检测10批枸杞中单糖和木糖醇含量从高到低依次为阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、果糖、木糖醇及岩藻糖。结论 本文对枸杞多糖的重均分子量及单糖组成、含量进行初步研究,与现行质量标准中检测方法相比,控制指标更加全面、客观、准确,为建立枸杞多糖的质量控制方法提供技术参考。     

液相色谱/元素分析仪-同位素质谱法鉴定蜂蜜 掺假的方法改进

目的改进液相色谱/元素分析仪-同位素质谱法鉴别蜂蜜掺假的方法。方法对现有欧盟标准方法优化液相色谱条件,结合元素分析仪-同位素质谱法,将二糖分离为麦芽糖、蔗糖,提出一个新的参数—麦芽糖、蔗糖δ~(13)C值之差δ~(13)C_(M-S)。结果根据本研究检测113个国内外不同来源纯正蜂蜜样本的数据,提出纯正蜂蜜δ~(13)C值新要求:蜂蜜蛋白质与蜂蜜同位素差值δ~(13)C_(P-H)大于-0.97‰;果糖、葡萄糖δ~(13)C值之差δ~(13)C_(F-G)在-0.60‰至0.56‰范围内;麦芽糖、蔗糖δ~(13)C值之差δ~(13)C_(M-S)在-0.73‰至0.98‰范围内;各个组分δ~(13)C最大差值δ~(13)C_(max)小于2.05‰;根据上述4个参数来确认蜂蜜是否掺假。在日常检测和市场销售的160个样品中,原方法阳性检出率为16.2%,而新方法阳性检出率达21.9%。结论本研究提升了蜂蜜掺假检测能力,此方法的建立更好、更精确打击掺假的同时,也维护消费者权益。     

Review of the structural characterization,quality evaluation,and industrial application of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides

BackgroundLycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are considered to be the major bioactive components in L. barbarum. Due to the considerable health benefits of LBPs, and the significant research interest in LBPs, quality evaluation of LBPs and their related products is imperative for ensuring their efficacy and safety. The bioactivities of polysaccharides are closely associated with their physicochemical properties, which can be easily monitored via chemical techniques. Therefore, analysis of physicochemical properties is a more straightforward and viable approach for the quality control of polysaccharides.Scope and approachIn this review, special techniques for the structural characterization of LBPs are summarized and discussed. In addition, quality evaluation approaches of LBPs that have never been emphasized are highlighted herein. Furthermore, industrial applications of LBPs are reviewed and discussed.Key findings and conclusionsHigh-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection is one of the most effective techniques for analysis of both acidic and neutral LBPs. Size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detection is able to determine absolute molecular weights, chain conformations, and contents of LBPs. Fingerprinting analysis and saccharide mapping analysis are effective approaches for quality evaluation of LBPs. However, the lack of appropriate quality evaluation approaches indicates an unreliable regulation of LBPs and their related products. This reveals the deficiency in the quality control of commercial products. Thus, the development of reliable approaches for pharmacological activity-based quality control of LBPs and their related products must be extensively investigated.     

替加环素临床耐药性的研究进展

替加环素作为新一代四环素类抗生素,被用于治疗成人复杂性腹腔内感染和复杂性皮肤及软组织感染。随着临床的广泛使用,替加环素耐药性也屡见报道,或影响其临床疗效。本文对替加环素临床耐药性的研究进展,包括药理作用、临床应用、耐药性的发展以及可能的耐药机制进行综述。     

Fat crystals and emulsion stability — a review

The effects of fat crystals in food emulsion formation and stability are reviewed. Topics discussed in detail include fat crystal wettability, interfacial rheology, crystal microstructure, and particle location. Specifics on the potential future direction of the field are discussed.