柱前衍生-高效液相色谱荧光法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中低聚半乳糖含量

建立了柱前衍生测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中低聚半乳糖的高效液相色谱法。样品经乙酸调节pH到4.5,使用淀粉葡萄糖苷酶和β-半乳糖苷酶酶解、2-氨基苯甲酰胺衍生。经色谱柱分离,荧光检测器检测。通过响应曲面设计优化衍生关键因素水平：衍生剂浓度、衍生温度与衍生时间。定量化合物3"-半乳糖基乳糖在10.0~100 mg/L范围内线性良好(R²为0.9993)。在低聚半乳糖添加水平为2.5、10.0、40.0 g/kg时,回收率在92.5~102.7%之间,RSD(n=6)在3.69~6.69%之间,方法检测限为0.8 g/kg,定量限为2.5 g/kg。本方法操作简单、回收率高和重现性好,可使用3"-半乳糖基乳糖对婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖进行定量分析。     

IC指纹图谱测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖

建立指纹图谱法测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,利用离子色谱构建低聚半乳糖指纹图谱,分析得到特征组分,测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖含量。结果表明:当称样量为1.0 g时,检出限为2.5 g/kg,定量限为5.0 g/kg,线性范围为4.0 g/kg~64.5 g/kg,回收率在94.0%~106.7%之间,相对标准偏差为1.2%~2.8%,表明指纹图谱法的准确度和精密度满足婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖含量测定的需要。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中双酚A和壬基酚

建立一种测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中双酚A和壬基酚的超高效液相色谱串联质谱准确定性定量方法。向配方乳粉样品中加水溶解,乙腈提取,使用在线捕集技术消除流动相中的本底影响,以甲醇-0.1%氨水溶液作为流动相在C₁₈色谱柱上进行梯度洗脱,用超高效液相色谱仪进行分离后,通过电喷雾负离子模式电离,多反应检测模式进行检测分析,内标法准确定量。结果表明:在1~2000 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999。本方法BPA和NP检出限均低至0.1 μg/kg,在不同婴幼儿配方乳粉中添加1、10、100 μg/kg三水平加标,测定结果平均回收率在89.5%~102.8%之间,相对标准偏差为1.3%~4.8%,该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度。对市售200份婴幼儿配方乳粉进行测定,检出BPA含量为0.1~30.0 μg/kg,检出NP含量为1.1~105 μg/kg,适合婴幼儿配方乳粉中双酚A和壬基酚的定量测定。     

半制备高效液相色谱-离子色谱法检测婴幼儿配方食品中低聚半乳糖的含量

优化并建立了半制备高效液相色谱法分离和收集、离子色谱法测定婴幼儿配方食品中低聚半乳糖的方法。本实验以乳粉、特殊医学配方奶粉和液态奶为实验对象,利用半制备高效液相色谱法分别收集婴幼儿配方食品中的二糖和三糖及聚合度(Degree of polymerization,DP)3以上的糖,再利用β-半乳糖苷酶水解收集到的聚合度3及3以上的糖组分,利用离子色谱法测定酶解后的半乳糖和葡萄糖的含量,通过计算得到样品中低聚半乳糖的含量。半制备高效液相色谱馏分固定相为Ag+色谱柱(200 mm×10 mm),流动相为100%超纯水,流速0.3 mL/min,进样量100 μL,柱温80℃;离子色谱条件固定相为Carbo Pac PA-1色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm),流动相为0.5 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液、0.5 mol/L的乙酸钠和超纯水梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,进样量25 μL。测定的异乳糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、1,6-β-D-半乳二糖和1,3(4)-β-D-半乳二糖线性范围在1.0～30.0 μg/mL,相关系数在0.9985～0.9999,回收率在82.80%～87.67%,相对标准偏差(Relative standard deviation,RSD)≤5%。该方法结果准确,能够满足检测要求,前处理操作简单,便于大批量样品的检测。     

液质联用法同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留

建立了婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留的高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用测定方法。样品经水超声溶解,乙腈除蛋白。以PC HILIC色谱柱分离,流动相为浓度50 mmol/L的乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈,流速0.25 mL/min。液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定,基质内标法定量。在该优化条件下,氯酸盐和高氯酸定量限分别为20μg/kg和2.0μg/kg,方法回收率为85.1%～94.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.38%～9.79%。经测定多种市售婴幼儿配方奶粉,表明该方法操作简单、测定结果准确,可用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留的同时快速测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶酸的含量

目的:建立了快速、灵敏地检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶酸含量的方法.方法:在配方乳粉中加入60%的高氯酸溶液去蛋白,取一定量的滤液经过舍有C18填料的固相萃取小柱进行除杂,再经过高锰酸钾衍生后利用反相高效液相色谱测定叶酸的含量.流动相选用pH5.0的浓度为0.1mol/L的磷酸二氢钠溶液,流动相流速为1.0mL/min,经BDS C18色谱柱进行分离(柱温为30℃).结果:方法在0.005～1.5μg/mL范围内线性良好,方法的回收率为91.7%-98.3%,RSD为2.5%.结论:应用本方法检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中的叶酸,具有操作简单、精密度高、重现性好、容易推广等优点.     

超高效液相色谱法直接测定糖浆中低聚半乳糖质量分布

目的建立一种超高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器联用测定糖浆中低聚半乳糖质量分布的方法。方法采用Agilent Poroshell 120 HILIC(3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水梯度洗脱。通过调节进入蒸发光散射检测器(evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD)的流动相流速以及组成来校正不同聚合度聚半乳糖的响应一致性。以葡萄糖、乳糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖和麦芽五糖为校正溶液来建立校正方法,校正后以乳糖标准曲线来定量其他低聚半乳糖,最终完成了在没有低聚半乳糖标准品的情况下对低聚半乳糖糖浆质量分布的测定。结果样品中的乳糖与其他半乳二糖分离的同时不同聚合度的低聚半乳糖按聚合度增加分段出峰,互不干扰。乳糖在0.25~5 mg/mL范围内线性良好,log(峰面积)-log(浓度)的线性拟合曲线,相关系数r~2为0.996。以麦芽四糖和麦芽五糖来验证方法准确性,所得回收率分别为107%和110%。方法重现性良好,以2mg/mL乳糖为考察对象,连续6针进样保留时间RSD0.05%,峰面积RSD0.78%。结论该方法可快速、准确用于低聚半乳糖糖浆中不同聚合度半乳糖的质量分布。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定乳粉中维生素B_1、B_2

本实验建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中维生素B_1、B_2的提取分析方法。试验将婴幼儿配方乳粉经酸和碱调pH值,过滤液经碱性铁氰化钾衍生,正丁醇提取,取正丁醇层用微孔滤膜(0.45μm)过滤。以水和甲醇为流动相,利用高效液相色谱分析,外标法定量。试验结果表明:维生素B_1、B_2分别在0.0~2.0μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数r≥0.999;回收率在84.0%~92.2%之间,RSD5%。与现行标准方法相比较,本方法前处理过程简单,流动相对色谱柱损坏小,测定结果准确度高,重现性好,可用于婴幼儿配方乳粉中维生素B_1、B_2含量测定的快速、批量分析。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉中黄曲霉B1质量分数测定的不确定度

根据GB 5009.22-2016食品中黄曲霉毒素B族和G族的测定方法,考察了高效液相色谱柱后衍生法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中黄曲霉B1主要的不确定度来源,计算测定过程中引入的各个不确定度分量,合成计算扩展不确定度。结果表明,在自制阳性样品中黄曲霉B1质量分数为1.90μg/kg,95%置信概率下,其扩展不确定度为0.22μg/kg(k=2)。其中测量重复性和标准曲线对不确定度的影响较大。因此,采用高效液相色谱柱后衍生法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的黄曲霉B1应严格控制实验条件,要保证实验具有良好的重复性和标准曲线有良好的线性。     

液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法测定低聚半乳糖含量比较

目的:优化对比液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,同时建立一种新的低聚半乳糖换算系数(K值)计算方法;方法:对现有上述两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的检测方法进行对比分析,筛选出分离效果更好的糖柱,并进一步优化色谱条件。结果:优化后的液相色谱双柱法对低聚半乳五糖到低聚半乳八糖的分离效果明显提升,提高了测定准确度,而高效离子交换色谱法操作更加简便;根据不同样品选用不同K值来计算低聚半乳糖含量的方式可进一步提升结果的精确性。结论:两种方法均可有效对低聚半乳糖含量进行检验分析,高效离子交换色谱法检测灵敏度较高,且已被AOAC等国际权威机构纳入标准检测方法,可作为低聚半乳糖含量测定的标准仲裁法;液相色谱双柱法测定低聚半乳糖更为简便快捷,经济适用,可用于生产企业日常产品检测。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.