Combination of heat treatment and chitosan coating to improve postharvest quality of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)

The synergistic application of hot water dip at 42 °C for 30 min and 1% chitosan coating on differentiation in postharvest quality traits, microstructure as well as microbiological evolution of wolfberry fruits was investigated. Fresh wolfberry fruits were stored at 2 ± 0.5 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 28 days. Results indicated the combination of prestorage heat treatment and chitosan coating maintained higher levels of ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity as well as lower decay, compared with untreated wolfberry fruits. The possible mechanism was that the heat treatment almost sealed open stomata to limit the sites of pathogen penetration into fruits independently, followed by the biofilm formed by chitosan which controlled secondary infections as well as slowed changes in fruit respiration and metabolic activity in wolfberries. The synergistically treated fruit also exhibited a higher acceptability obtained by sensory analysis after cold storage. In this sense, the integrated application of heat treatment and chitosan coating could be regarded as an effective strategy to extend storage life and maintain the postharvest quality of wolfberry fruits.     

Elucidation of colour development and microstructural characteristics of Allium sativum fumigated with acetic acid

It has been well known that the greening of Allium sativum cloves could be formed after immersed in acetic acid solution. Nonetheless, no investigation was reported on colour development of A. sativum in response to acetic acid vapour until now. In this study, the brief exposure of A. sativum to acetic acid vapour (200–400 ppm) was combined with controlled atmosphere (5%, 20% and 80% CO₂) packaging storage to break cell membrane and green garlic. The garlic bulbs were fumigated with acetic acid before controlled CO₂ atmosphere packaging for 25 days at 4 °C. Fumigation with 200 ppm acetic acid followed by high CO₂ atmosphere packaging (80% CO₂) facilitated the garlic greening. It was also verified that γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase was involved in garlic greening in present study, and the compromise of glacial acetic acid vapour fumigation and CO₂ gas atmosphere in package stored at low temperature could result in garlic greening as well.     

酶促速熟过程中腐乳成分及微观结构的分析

通过研究酶促腐乳在成熟过程中的色度、蛋白质水解程度、微观结构的变化,分析添加酶制剂促熟对腐乳品质及微观结构的影响．利用扫描电子显微镜研究酶促速熟过程中腐乳的微观结构变化,通过电泳分析腐乳的蛋白质水解情况,采用中红外扫描研究酶促腐乳的成分,并与利民红方腐乳（对照样）进行对比．结果表明,酶促速熟腐乳的颜色、微观结构、蛋白水解度以及组成成分均与传统工艺生产的利民红方腐乳（对照样）基本相同,证明腐乳的加酶促进其成熟方法的可行性．     

重组质粒pMG36e-nisI-gfp在乳酸菌中的应用

本研究将带有nisI和咖（绿色荧光蛋白）基因的乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e-nisI-gfp转化至乳酸菌中,观察其在宿主内的稳定性．对重组菌进行了菌体形态、传代培养、质粒验证等研究,考察了该质粒的稳定性．结果显示：重组菌在不含抗生素的培养基中连续传代20代后,质粒丢失率低;菌体大小和形态基本不变;质粒经HindⅢ酶切后大小不变;GFP在第0、5、10、15和20代宿主菌中都可以表达,表达量没有明显差别,在SDS-PAGE中的带型一致;初步的动物实验验证了该质粒作为遗传标记的应用效果．说明该质粒在宿主菌中具有良好的稳定性．     

链霉菌TD-1代谢产物对饲料中污染霉菌的抑制作用及稳定性

采用对峙培养法,检测分离于土壤中的链霉菌TD-1代谢产物对饲料中污染霉菌构巢曲霉（Aspergillus nidulans）、纯绿青霉（Penicillium verrucosum）、赭曲霉（Aspergillus ochraceus）、黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）、茄腐镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）、桔青霉（Penicillum citrinum）、串珠镰刀菌（Fusarium moniliforme）的抑菌活性,结果表明：TD-1菌株代谢产物对以上霉菌具有较强的抑制作用,抑菌带宽度为10 mm左右.通过TD-1菌株的代谢过程曲线发现,该菌株发酵至第6 d抑菌率达90%左右.稳定性试验结果显示：该菌株所产生的活性物质具有较好的耐热性、耐酸碱性、抗紫外辐射能力.     

超声处理对鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白性质的影响

以鲢鱼为原料,研究了超声处理对鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白性质的影响．结果表明：经超声处理后,肌原纤维蛋白的溶解度、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、热稳定性均随超声时间的延长先提高后下降,且随超声频率的增大而提高．超声处理15min后,与未经超声处理的蛋白相比,80kHz作用下的蛋白溶解度提高了37．59％,起泡性和泡沫稳定性分别提高了59．16％和56．09％,乳化性和乳化稳定性分别提高了51．11％和53．84％,热稳定性提高了32．59％．经超声处理后,鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白的性质可以得到有效的改善．     

Sensory methods and electronic nose as innovative tools for the evaluation of the aroma transfer properties of food plastic bags

Despite the key role of the sensory quality for food acceptance, the aroma transfer properties of food packaging materials have not yet been studied using sensory approaches. This research investigated the suitability of sensory and electronic nose methods to evaluate the aroma transfer properties of plastic materials that come in contact with food. Four (W, X, Y, and Z) commercial freezer bags (polyethylene) for domestic uses were compared. The degree of the aroma transfer through the materials was estimated as the sensory contamination of an odor absorber food (bread) by an odor releaser food (onion), separated by the bags and stored under frozen conditions. Bread samples were analyzed by means of an electronic nose, and 42 assessors used three different sensory methods (triangle, scoring, and partial sorted Napping tests). From the triangle test, none of the plastic bags acted as a complete aroma barrier, showing a sensory contamination of bread stored in all four materials. Partial sorting Napping results clearly described the sensory contamination of bread as “onion flavor”, due to the aroma transfer from the odor releaser food to the odor absorber food through the plastic bag. Scoring tests showed significant (p < 0.0001) differences of aroma transfer properties among the plastic bags, revealing the highest aroma permeation for W (3.1 ± 0.1), the lowest aroma transfer for X and Y (2.0 ± 0.1), and intermediate aroma transfer properties for Z (2.6 ± 0.1). Electronic nose data were in good agreement with the sensory responses, and a high correlation with the scoring data was observed (R² = 0.988). The presented approaches had suitable results to provide meaningful information on the aroma transfer properties of freezer plastic bags, and could advantageously be applied in the future for analyzing other finished food containers (e.g. plastic trays, boxes, etc.) or packaging materials of a different nature (multilayer plastic films, biodegradable materials, composites, etc.).