转Bt基因水稻的食用安全性评价研究进展

水稻（Oryza sativa）是我国重要的经济作物,其优化育种一直是研究的重点。苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillusthuringiensis,Bt）抗虫基因的出现,开辟了利用外源基因培育转基因抗虫作物的新领域。目前,转基因抗虫水稻的培育技术已日趋成熟,而其对人体的潜在安全性问题却备受争议。转Bt基因水稻能否实现商业化是人们关注的焦点。本文就转Bt基因水稻的食用安全性评价的研究进展进行综述,以期为我国转Bt基因水稻的风险评估和推广提供一些参考。     

The synthesis,electrochemical and theoretical nonlinear optical properties of push–pull chromophores for photorefractive composites

Four chromophores, of different dipole moment and polarizable anisotropy and which comprised conjugation bridges of both benzene and polyene with strong electron-donor and electron-acceptor groups, were characterized using ¹H NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis, and electrochemical analyses. The electric dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α) and the first hyperpolarizability (β) values of the chromophores were examined using computational methods. The contribution of orientational birefringence to total birefringence was estimated from the calculated molecular parameters of the chromophores; these parameters are important factors for predicting photorefractive efficiency.     

超高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱法测定富硒食品中的硒代氨基酸

目的建立一种用于检测富硒食品中4种硒代氨基酸的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。方法考虑3种样品前处理方法的影响,采用0.1%的甲酸(A)和乙腈(B)二元流动相体系对N-乙酰-L-硒代蛋氨酸、Se-(甲基)硒基-L-半胱氨酸、硒代蛋氨酸和硒代胱氨酸等4种硒代氨基酸进行色谱分离。采用多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)进行监测,基质匹配外标法进行定量。结果口服液中,4种硒代氨基酸的线性关系良好(r0.996),平均回收率范围为89.0%~104.5%,相对标准偏差均小于7%。结论该方法对简单基质的样品中硒代氨基酸的测定结果准确可靠,但基质效应较为明显。     

基于脂肪酸指纹图谱的我国羊肉产地溯源研究

摘 要：目的 优化建立羊肉脂肪酸组成的测定方法,并对不同产地来源的羊肉中脂肪酸含量的差异分析,为羊肉产地溯源提供依据。方法 利用气相-氢火焰离子化技术（gas chromatography-flame ionization detector,GC-FID）测定来自内蒙古、新疆、山东和云南4个产区羊肉的脂肪酸组成,结合主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA）和线性判别分析（linear discriminant analysis,LDA）等统计学方法进行数据分析。结果 在国标GB 5009.257—2016的基础上,对羊肉基质中脂肪酸甲酯化条件进行优化,正交试验结果显示,最佳甲酯化条件为甲酯化试剂2 ml,甲酯化反应温度40 ℃,甲酯化反应时间30 min。方法学验证中,19种脂肪酸精密度为1.07%~7.97%,回收率为63.75%~115.00%。运用优化的方法测定羊肉样品,并对脂肪酸含量进行单因素方差分析和Duncan多重比较分析。结果显示,有14种脂肪酸在4个产区羊肉中有显著性差异,分别是C10:0、C12:0、C14:0、C14:1、C17:0、C18:1n9t、C18:1n9c、C18:2n6c、C20:1、C18:3n3、C22:0、C20:4n6、C20:5n3和C22:6n3。通过逐步判别分析筛选出C14:0、C14:1、C18:1n9t 、C18:2n6c、C18:3n3、C22:0、C20:4n6和C20:5n3 8种脂肪酸作为羊肉产地来源的判别指标,所建立的判别模型对样品的回代检验和交叉检验正确率分别为100%和88%,4个产区的羊肉样品能够基本得到区分。结论 通过对羊肉中脂肪酸组成的测定和判别模型的建立,可有效地对羊肉的主要产地进行区分,为羊肉的产地溯源提供了有效的技术手段。 关键词：脂肪酸指纹; 羊肉; 产地溯源     

The prevalence and serovar diversity of Salmonella in various food products in Estonia

In this work the prevalence and serovar diversity of Salmonella in various food products including non-thermally processed food and ready-to-eat (RTE) food in Estonia in 2008–2012 are summarized. The findings demonstrate that the overall prevalence of Salmonella in these food categories was low. A total of 260 (0.54%) of 47,927 food samples were found to be positive for Salmonella, the overall prevalence in non-thermally processed food was 0.81% (256/31,576) and in RTE products only 0.02% (4/16,351). Salmonella was most often isolated from raw eggs and products thereof (2.17%, 5/230), followed by raw meat products (0.95%, 207/21,723), RTE mayonnaises (0.90%, 2/221) and raw meat (0.89%, 38/4252). In the raw meat category, Salmonella was most frequently isolated from turkey meat (6.96%, 11 positive samples out of 158), broiler chicken meat (4.00%, 7/175) and from layer hen meat (2.22%, 11/496). Salmonella was isolated in lesser extent from meat preparations (1.91%, 82/4292), minced meat and mechanically separated meat products (0.97%, 100/10,344) and from raw sausages (0.35%, 25/7087).Altogether 24 different serovars were identified among the 260 Salmonella positive samples. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar (26.90% of the positive samples) and it was isolated most commonly in raw food products. The next most frequent serovars were Salmonella Derby (17.50%), Salmonella Enteritidis (8.37%) and Salmonella Newport (7.57%). The only serovars isolated from the Salmonella positive RTE food samples were Salmonella Infantis (two isolates) and S. Enteritidis (two isolates).     

重组酶聚合酶扩增检测产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌的微流控芯片技术

采用重组酶聚合酶扩增技术（recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA）,开发产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌（Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli,STEC）的等温检测方法,结合圆盘式微流控芯片快速检测目标微生物。以stx1和stx2基因为靶点,设计和筛选适宜的RPA检测引物和探针序列,验证了19 株STEC菌株（含9 种stx基因亚型）和21 株非STEC菌株,并采用人工污染的牛肉样品对集成化的微流控芯片进行评价。筛选出检测stx1和stx2基因的高特异性引物、探针组合,与美国农业部微生物实验室技术指南中STEC定量聚合酶链式反应（real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR）方法相比,目标基因检测的包容性和排他性均为100%。荧光RPA微流控芯片法在20 min内可同时进行32 个反应,可检测STEC菌体灵敏度为9.5×103 CFU/mL。根据GB 4789.6—2016《食品微生物学检验 致泻大肠埃希氏菌检验》的规定经增菌培养后在人工污染牛肉样品中可检测1 CFU/25 g的STEC污染,方法的相对正确度和相对检出水平均为100%。本研究开发了一种荧光RPA微流控芯片检测方法,可检测常见stx基因亚型STEC菌株,操作简单、反应速度快,适用于STEC的高通量快速检测。     

新型国家药品服务体系建设的构想

我国现有药品服务体系可初步满足医疗卫生的基本需求,但在研发、生产、销售及使用的各领域中均存在一些突出问题。本研究通过文献检索、数据查询、专家咨询及专题讨论,对我国药品服务体系的现状进行调研,找准存在的问题,并提出建设新型国家药品服务体系的构想,旨在为我国人民提供质量优良、疗效可靠、价格合理、使用方便的药品,保障临床用药的有效性、安全性、可及性及合理性;同时,促进制药产业结构转型发展,推动我国从制药大国向制药强国的转变。