Highly efficient metal-free phosphorus-doped platelet ordered mesoporous carbon for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

Platinum-free electrocatalysts especially, various heteroatom-doped carbon nanostructures have attracted particular attraction as plausible solution for commercializing fuel cell technology. In this direction, novel phosphorus-doped platelet ordered mesoporous carbon (P-pOMC) is developed for the first time as metal-free electrocatalyst for alkaline oxygen reduction reaction. The P-pOMC is synthesized by nanocasting method using platelet ordered mesoporous silica as template. Various characterizations reveal that the P-pOMC materials have covalently bound P atoms with carbon framework for facilitation of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and also have very high surface area with uniform distribution of short mesoporous channels for unhindered mass transfer. Combination of P doping and excellent surface properties empowers the newly-developed P-pOMC catalyst to show high ORR activity nearly equal to that of state of the art Pt catalyst along with superior long-term stability and excellent methanol tolerance.     

乳酸菌发酵对脱脂米糠中糖和酚类物质含量的影响

本文比较不同乳酸菌发酵对脱脂米糠中糖和酚类物质的影响。采用半干法酶解工艺提高脱脂米糠中可发酵糖的含量,向灭菌的半干法酶解后的脱脂米糠中分别接入5种乳酸菌(保加利亚乳杆菌、乳酸链球菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和肠膜明串珠菌),比较发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数、总糖、还原糖、可溶和不溶性酚类物质含量的变化。结果表明,采用半干法酶解工艺,脱脂米糠中还原糖提高到155.08 mg/g,相比于原料中提高了6倍左右。5种乳酸菌均能在脱脂米糠中生长,但进入对数生长期后生长速率存在显著差异。5种乳酸菌中嗜酸乳杆菌降糖能力最强,其发酵72 h后脱脂米糠中总糖和还原糖分别下降了31.33%和60.76%。嗜酸乳杆菌发酵脱脂米糠24h时可溶性酚类物质含量最高,提高了33.00%,发酵72 h后不溶性酚类物质下降了20.32%,均显著优于其它四种菌。     

茶皂素对食源性腐败酵母的抑菌能力及作用机理

该研究通过测定抑菌圈直径、最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC）,评价茶皂素对酿酒酵母、鲁氏接合酵母及白色假丝酵母三种食源性腐败酵母的抑菌能力,并筛选出机理研究指示菌;进而通过考察时间-杀菌曲线、生物膜抑制率、菌体细胞形态、细胞膜通透性、细胞膜完整性、遗传物质以及蛋白泄露和胞内总蛋白等指标,阐述茶皂素抑菌机理。抑菌能力试验结果显示茶皂素对三种腐败酵母均有抑菌作用,其中酿酒酵母抑菌直径为16.00 mm,MIC和MBC分别为0.05、0.10 mg/mL,抑菌效果最为显著。以酿酒酵母为指示菌的抑菌机理研究结果表明：茶皂素可使菌体直接进入衰竭期;可显著抑制生物膜形成;可致菌体细胞发生不可逆转的塌陷扭曲;能破坏细胞膜完整性,增大细胞膜通透性,使胞内核酸和蛋白质大量泄露,还可干扰DNA正常合成,阻滞蛋白质合成表达。因此,茶皂素有望成为食品加工中针对食源性腐败酵母的一种天然食品防腐剂,该研究也可为拓展天然防腐剂在高渗食品中的应用提供理论依据。     

磷酸化处理对蚕蛹多肽结合钙能力的影响

为探索磷酸化处理对多肽结合钙能力的促进作用,以蚕蛹多肽为研究对象,采用不同种类和添加量的磷酸化试剂对其进行磷酸化改性,再与CaCl2反应制备蚕蛹多肽结合钙复合物,并对样品进行钙和磷含量测定、磷酸化位点检测、红外光谱分析和扫描电镜分析.研究结果表明:Na3 PO4、NaH2 PO4、(NaPO3)63种试剂可与蚕蛹多肽发...     

显齿蛇葡萄叶细胞悬浮培养体系的建立及其产多酚类物质研究

显齿蛇葡萄叶富含多酚类化合物,是一种具有很高开发利用价值的新资源食品原料。以显齿蛇葡萄幼叶为外植体诱导出了2种典型的愈伤组织,通过激素优化和连续筛选获得了性状优良的愈伤组织,在此基础上建立并优化了显齿蛇葡萄叶细胞悬浮培养体系,对悬浮培养细胞中的主要多酚类物质进行了鉴定,并评价了多酚的抗氧化活性。采用超高压液相色谱飞行时间质谱 (UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS)和高效液相色谱 (HLPC)检测技术,分别从愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞中鉴定出了7种和10种多酚类化合物,其中原花青素B1、(+)-儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯为愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞中共有的物质,且含量较高,其中以表儿茶素没食子酸酯含量最高,在愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞中分别达到了5020.965μg/g和1044.725μg/g。抗氧化活性评价结果显示,悬浮培养细胞多酚提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性,对2,2-联氮-二 (3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐 (ABTS⁺)和2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基 (DPPH)自由基清除的IC₅₀分别为30.681μg/mL和3.685μg/mL,相同质量浓度下对DPPH自由基的清除和总还原能力均强于维生素C,其抗氧化能力主要源于表儿茶素没食子酸酯和(+)-儿茶素。希望研究可为显齿蛇葡萄细胞培养及其多酚类次生代谢产物的合成调控提供参考。     

Protein and polyphenols involved in sediment formation in cloudy litchi juice

Food Science and Biotechnology - Sedimentation is a major issue in juice production. This paper aims to study the mechanisms of precipitate formation during the storage of cloudy litchi juice. The...     

Ferulic acid and EGCG alter the structural characteristics of ovalbumin and its application in mineral loading

This study aims to fabricate mineral-loading nanocarriers using natural materials. The interaction patterns between ovalbumin (OVA) and four water-soluble polyphenols, namely ferulic acid (FA), (-)-Epigallo-catechin 3-gallate (EGCG), gallic acid (GA) and epicatechin (EC), were investigated. Results showed that the optimised conditions for preparing stable OVA–polyphenol complexes are at the OVA–polyphenol ratio of 4:1 at pH 6, under which OVA–FA and OVA–EGCG showed the highest stability and mineral-loading capacity among four OVA–polyphenol complexes. The fluorescence results indicated that the addition of EGCG and FA induced a significant fluorescence quenching to OVA. The interaction between OVA and polyphenols involved hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggested that both FA and EGCG enhanced the stability and orderliness of the structure of OVA. The transmission electron microscopy images also exhibited the spherical structure of OVA after the addition of FA and EGCG. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectrum results suggested that OVA–FA and OVA–EGCG complexes were better mineral carriers than OVA–GA and OVA–EC. This study may serve as the theoretical support for the promising application of OVA in the fabrication of mineral-loading nanocarriers in functional food and pharmaceutic.     

Comparison of microwave and high-pressure processing on bound phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of sorghum hull

The influence of microwave boiling (MB treated 5, 10 and 15 s was abbreviated as MB5, MB10 and MB15, respectively) and high-pressure boiling (HB processed 10, 20 and 30 min was denoted as HB10, HB20 and HB30, respectively) processing on the composition and content of bound phenolic substances of sorghum hull and their antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Nine bound phenolic profiles were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, including syringic acid, veratric acid, p-hydroxybenzonic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic alcohol, ascorbic acid, prenylnaringenin and luteolin. Compared with traditional hot water processing (HP treated 10, 30 and 50 min was abbreviated as HP10, HP30 and HP50, respectively), the content of free procyanidins and total phenolics of sorghum hull treated with HB increased by 35.92–58.87% and 6.20–18.70%, respectively. Sorghum hull treated with HB20 possessed the highest ABTS (ABTS radical scavenging capacity) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) among all treatment groups.