15N同位素在华北冬小麦夏玉米氮营养来源研究中的应用

小麦-玉米一年两作是华北平原最主要的种植方式之一,对保障国家粮食安全至关重要。阐明该种植体系作物氮营养来源定量组成对区域养分资源管理、施肥制度优化、作物营养状况调控都具有十分重要的意义。¹⁵N作为氮元素的一种稳定同位素,其示踪技术在农田氮肥去向,作物氮营养来源等农业生产领域得到广泛应用。本文主要概述了¹⁵N同位素技术在研究当季施入化肥氮、前茬残留化肥氮、播前土壤固有硝态氮对华北冬小麦-夏玉米氮营养贡献中的具体应用方法、实例及相关研究结果,并对叶面肥氮、还田秸秆氮、大气沉降氮等其他氮营养来源的研究进行了展望,以期为该种植体系养分资源管理以及施肥制度优化提供理论参考。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水体中8种典型喹诺酮类抗生素

目的 建立一种检测8种喹诺酮类抗生素的液相色谱-串联质谱法并评价其在水体环境中的应用。方法 采用C18色谱柱(10 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)为分离柱,以甲醇～0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,设定柱温为35 ℃、流速为0.35 mL/min;质谱条件采用电喷雾离子源 (Electron Spray Ionization, ESI) 正离子模式(ESI+)及多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式采集。结果 在0.1~100.0 μg/L浓度范围内,马波沙星、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星6种抗生素的质量浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r2>0.99), 检出限为0.1 μg/L; 在5.0~500.0 μg/L浓度范围内,培氟沙星、诺氟沙星的质量浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r2>0.99),检出限为5.0 μg/L。8种喹诺酮在环境水样品中的平均回收率为98.30%~111.77%,相对标准偏差为0.71%~12.80%。结论 该方法简单、灵敏、准确,可以满足水体环境中喹诺酮类抗生素检测。     

发芽糙小米挥发性成分的变化规律分析

糙小米发芽后会促进功能成分的增加,也会因脂质氧化而形成特殊气味,影响发芽糙小米的品质.为调控和改善发芽糙小米的气味,需要探明糙小米发茅前后挥发性成分的变化规律.利用气相离子迁移色谱对发芽前后2个品种的发芽糙小米挥发性成分进行了测定,共发现了28种挥发性成分,主要包括8种醛类、8种醇类、5种酮类和5种酯类.对发芽前后的糙...     

1-MCP和预贮对深州蜜桃采后生理和品质的影响

为保持深州蜜桃冷藏期间良好的品质, 延长贮藏时间, 采用1 . 0 μ L / L 1 - 甲基环丙烯
（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）熏蒸和预贮（8 ℃、5 d转入0 ℃）的方法对采后深州蜜桃进行处理,测定0 ℃冷
藏期间果实呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率和品质的变化。结果表明,1-MCP处理能够明显抑制桃果实冷藏期间的呼吸速
率和乙烯释放速率,推迟呼吸高峰期的出现;同时延缓了果实软化,抑制可溶性固形物含量上升,降低了果实的褐
变指数和腐烂指数;预贮促进了果实后熟,但预贮和1-MCP处理均明显降低了贮藏期果实褐变度和酚类物质含量,
二者结合处理对抑制果实褐变效果最佳。     

菌菇复合多糖对秀丽线虫氧化胁迫抗性的影响

目的:研究菌菇复合多糖(FHP)的抗氧化效果及作用机制.方法:用化学方法评价FHP体外自由基清除效率,通过秀丽线虫的氧化胁迫存活率试验评价FHP体内抗氧化效果;通过线虫体内氧化胁迫水平检测,胁迫应激关键转录因子活性及其效应基因表达检测和抗氧化酶活性试验等研究FHP的抗氧化活性;通过线虫的寿命试验及脂褐素水平检测研究FH...     

超微粉碎技术对粮食产品营养物质及特定生理功能影响的研究进展

超微粉碎是一种能将物料粉碎至微米级甚至纳米级的先进技术，具有节约物料、粉碎速度快和粉体粒度均匀且细的显著优势，近年来逐渐被应用在粮食作物前处理中，对生产口感好、营养物质溶出率高和功能性强的食品具有积极意义。文章总结了7种超微粉碎技术的分类及优缺点，综述了超微粉碎技术对粮食营养物质（蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪、膳食纤维和酚类物质）和特定生理功能（调节血糖、血压、血脂、抗氧化和减少有害物质）的影响，并对超微粉碎技术在粮食产业的发展方向进行了展望。     

ESR spectroscopic study reveals higher free radical quenching potential in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) compared to other millets

Six different millets kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), little millet (Panicum miliare), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis) and great millet (Sorghum bicolor) grown in India and their white varieties were screened for free radical quenching of 1,1, Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by electron spin resonance (ESR). Methanol extracts of the kodo millet flour showed 70% DPPH quenching in comparison to other millet extracts which showed 15–53%. The white varieties of great millet, finger millet and foxtail millet showed lower quenching than their coloured counterparts, indicating that phenolics in the seed coat could be responsible for the antioxidant activities. However, the content of the phenols and tannin in these grains did not correlate with the antioxidant activities. Kodo millet had the highest DPPH quenching activity followed by great millet and finger millet. Cooking of kodo or finger millet by roasting or boiling reduced the activity. Fractionation of kodo millet in to husk and endosperm also decreased the activity and the phytochemicals appear to act synergistically.     

DEM study of particle motion in novel high-speed seed metering device

This paper presents a numerical study on the motions of seed particles in a novel high-speed seed metering device based on the discrete element method. The effects of key parameters, including inlet velocity of particles, feeding rates and the angle of seed cleaning element, are investigated by a series of controlled numerical experiments. The results show that in the seed filling area of the device, a better match of particle velocity and the tangential linear velocity of the seeding plate can improve the seed filling performance. The number of particles remaining in the metering device is an important factor that affects the device performance. A large number of particles in the device results in more multiple seeding, and a small number causes more leakage seeding. Under the conditions of the seeding plate rotational speed at 194.5 rpm (corresponding to the high ground speed of 14 km/h), feeding rate at ~14 seeds/s can ensure that around 24 seed particles are maintained in the device which generates minimum leakage and multiple seeding. The studies of the effect of the seed cleaning element angle show that an appropriate angle (e.g., 30°) can effectively enhance the clearing ability, increase the uniform stability of particles backflow, and improve the seeding performance.     

雪花梨汁超高压处理工艺参数优化

该研究对雪花梨汁进行超高压(UHP)处理并进行工艺优化,考察其对雪花梨汁菌落、色泽和风味的影响,为雪花梨汁非热处理技术应用及产品开发提供参考.通过单因素和响应面试验对超高压处理工艺进行优化;利用电子舌和气质联用(GC-MS)方法对超高压处理雪花梨汁的感官风味和挥发性成分进行分析,考察超高压对雪花梨汁风味的影响.结果表明...