焦磷酸测序法分析中国荷斯坦牛、娟姗牛及 水牛的乳蛋白基因多态性

目的 本研究旨在分析和比较中国荷斯坦牛、娟姗牛和水牛的乳蛋白基因多态性。方法 根据奶牛多态位点设计引物, 采用焦磷酸测序法分析乳蛋白基因多态性, 并采用高效液相色谱法进行验证。结果 荷斯坦牛和娟姗牛的乳蛋白(β-casein, κ-casein和β-lactoglobulin)均存在基因多态性, 而水牛仅在κ-casein上存在多态性且多态位点与另两种奶牛不同。结论 中国荷斯坦牛、娟姗牛和水牛的乳蛋白基因均存在多态性, 焦磷酸测序法能高通量、快速测定乳蛋白基因多态性。     

高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测荷斯坦和水牛原料乳中喹诺酮残留

目的建立高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测我国南方地区荷斯坦和水牛原料乳中喹诺酮类抗生素类残留的分析方法。方法采集南方地区15个荷斯坦牧场和15个水牛牧场的120份原料乳,采用高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测其中的喹诺酮类抗生素残留情况。结果检出限和回收率分别为0.05~0.25μg/L和88.2%~109.2%。水牛乳中喹诺酮类抗生素残留检出率为8.06%,荷斯坦牛乳中抗生素残留率为6.89%。结论该方法检测牛乳中喹诺酮类结果准确可靠,南方地区的荷斯坦牛乳和水牛乳喹诺酮类残留量与国内外相比程度较低,原料乳总体上处于安全范围。     

高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测荷斯坦和水牛原料乳中磺胺类药物残留

目的分析目前我国南方地区荷斯坦原料乳和水牛原料乳中磺胺类药物的残留情况。方法采集浙江和广西地区荷斯坦牛牧场和水牛牧场的120份原料乳,采用高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测其中的磺胺类药物残留。结果方法的检出限和回收率分别为0.05~0.10μg/L和73.2%~108.3%。水牛乳中磺胺类药物的残留量低于6.67μg/L,荷斯坦牛乳中磺胺类药物的残留量低于7.88μg/L。结论高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测牛乳中磺胺类药物残留的结果准确可靠,我国南方地区的荷斯坦原料乳和水牛原料乳总体上处于安全范围。     

Production sources and food web of a macrophyte-dominated region in Lake Taihu,based on gut contents and stable isotope analyses

We estimated the food web linkages among primary producers, invertebrates and fish in a macrophyte-dominated region of a eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu) by analyzing gut contents and C and N stable isotope ratios. Observation of the gut contents reflected a variety of feeding modes among fish species that consume a diverse assortment of prey, with limited dietary overlap. Basal food sources were distinguishable based on their δ¹³C isotopic signatures, and wide seasonal variations of isotope values were observed in the lake biota with a general trend towards enriched δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values in summer and depleted values in winter. This pattern could be explained by a combination of environmental (e.g., irradiance and nutrient inputs) and biotic (e.g., availability of food sources and plasticity in prey item choice) features. We adopted a paired (gut contents and stable isotopes) approach to reconstruct diets that used known food items as end members in the isotopic mixing model analysis and diagrammed the food web structure of Lake Taihu describing the organic matter pathways from primary producers to predators of the upper trophic levels. Our surveys also corroborate the finding that phytoplankton were the most important primary source of organic matter for fauna within this macrophyte-dominated lake region, whereas macrophytes also made a sizeable contribution for several invertebrate and fish species, especially in winter.     

水牛乳αs1酪蛋白多态性对类蒙特利杰克半硬质 干酪品质的影响

目的分析水牛乳αs1酪蛋白(αs1-cαsein)多态性对类蒙特利杰克干酪品质的影响。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法分析不同水牛乳样品αs1-cαsein的多态性,依据αs1-cαsein多态性制成半硬质类蒙特利杰克干酪,比较其在组成、质构和色差等方面的差异。结果水牛乳αs1-cαsein存在AB和BB两种表型。以混合样品为对照制成类蒙特利杰克干酪后,在干酪成份上,BB型干酪中乳脂肪含量显著低于AB型;在质构方面,BB型干酪的硬度和弹性分别为41.21 N和6.3 1 mm,显著高于AB型(29.45 N,5.56 mm)和混合组(38.21 N,5.25 mm),此外BB型具有更高的胶粘性和咀嚼性;在色泽方面,BB型干酪的B值显著低于AB组,表明黄色程度低于AB型。结论水牛乳αs1-cαsein存在多态性,且αs1-cαsein的多态性会影响类蒙特利杰克干酪的品质。     

Proteome Profile and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) Follicular Fluid during Follicle Development

Follicular fluid (FF) accumulates in the antrum of the ovarian follicle and provides the microenvironment for oocyte development. FF plays an important role in follicle growth and oocyte maturation. The FF provides a unique window to investigate the processes occurring during buffalo follicular development. The observed low quality of buffalo oocytes may arise from the poor follicular microenvironment. Investigating proteins found in buffalo FF (BFF) should provide insight into follicular development processes and provide further understanding of intra-follicular maturation and oocytes quality. Here, a proteomic-based approach was used to analyze the proteome of BFF. SDS-PAGE separation combined with mass spectrometry was used to generate the proteomic dataset. In total, 363 proteins were identified and classified by Gene Ontology terms. The proteins were assigned to 153 pathways, including signaling pathways. To evaluate difference in proteins expressed between BFF with different follicle size (small, <4 mm; and large, >8 mm), a quantitative proteomic analysis based on multi-dimensional liquid chromatography pre-fractionation tandem Orbitrap mass spectrometry identification was performed. Eleven differentially expressed proteins (six downregulated and five upregulated in large BFF) were identified and assigned to a variety of functional processes, including serine protease inhibition, oxidation protection and the complement cascade system. Three differentially expressed proteins, Vimentin, Peroxiredoxin-1 and SERPIND1, were verified by Western blotting, consistent with the quantitative proteomics results. Our datasets offers new information about proteins present in BFF and should facilitate the development of new biomarkers. These differentially expressed proteins illuminate the size-dependent protein changes in follicle microenvironment.