Li and Ta-modified KNN piezoceramic fibers for vibrational energy harvesters

Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) hold enormous potential for converting mechanical energy from our surrounding environment into electrical energy that can be used for powering portable electronics. Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) is one of the promising alternatives to replace lead-based piezoelectric materials. This work presents a cutting-edge demonstration of synthesis-function-device integration of piezoelectric nanofibers, where the morphology and the composition are engineered towards achieving high device output. We report a flexible nanogenerator based on electrospun Li and Ta-modified lead-free KNN nanofibers yielding a high voltage output of 5.6 V, which is around 9-fold higher than for the Mn-doped KNN nanofibers reported previously. The influence of Li and Ta-incorporation into the KNN lattice on the electromechanical coupling and the effect of a nanofiber morphology are investigated. The net-shaped KNN and Li and Ta-modified KNN nanofibers, synthesized by electrospinning of appropriate sols, maintain their structural integrity upon calcination and firing steps. The phase analysis (XRD) confirms the formation of single-phase (KNN) material. Li and Ta are found to be incorporated on the A and B-sites of the perovskite lattice, respectively. Piezo force microscopy data show the heat-treated nanofibers to exhibit multi-domain ferroelectric properties.     

Ultra-Wideband Electrostrictive Mechanical Antenna

Mechanical antennas based on piezoelectric materials can effectively reduce the size of long wave antennas down to 1/1000 of the wavelength (from km scale to mm level). However, the narrow bandwidth and weak field intensity seriously restrict its practical applications in transmission distance and channel capacity. Here, a mechanical antenna-based electrostrictive effect of relaxor ferroelectric ceramic (PMN-PT) is proposed to improve radiation capacity and achieve ultra-wideband characteristics (10 kHz–1 MHz). Due to the ultra-high dielectric constant at working temperature and the relationship between the strain and applied field intensity, the proposed antenna gets rid of the dependence on the poled materials and exhibits excellent communication properties beyond traditional mechanical antennas, which are experimentally demonstrated by a practical wireless communication system. Only using a single proposed mechanical antenna with 8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness, the effective communication with a transmission distance of 200 m can be realized. This design offers a promising way of constructing mechanical antennas for long-wave communication.     

微晶化加工含钾页岩的实验研究

采用自行研制的设备WJH-1微晶化加工含钾页岩,对产品进行分时段采样,运用激光粒度分析仪、比表面积仪、SEM和XRD对其粒度分布、比表面积、形貌、成分和晶体结构进行了表征,利用等球直径分析了物料d50,d97等粒度分布的变化及图表法分析比表面积和晶格参数的变化.结果表明:d50,d97随时间呈指数下降,在前1.5h减小幅度最大,d50下降幅度达到80.07%,d97下降幅度为79.68%;比表面积先增加后降低,然后又缓慢增加;选用四次多项式对比表面积与能耗的关系进行拟合,拟合效果良好;矿物晶体发生晶格畸变,结晶度降低,加工过程具有微晶化效果.     

制革园区污水处理厂调试运行分析

采用水解酸化+CASS工艺处理制革园区工业废水。调试运行结果表明,在进水COD和氨氮平均质量浓度分别为607、50.7 mg.L-1时,出水COD和氨氮平均浓度分别为70、5 mg.L-1,平均去除率分别达88.5%和90.1%。出水水质达到污水综合排放一级标准(GB8 978-1996)。     

Carbon footprint evaluation at industrial park level: A hybrid life cycle assessment approach

Industrial parks have become the effective strategies for government to promote sustainable economic development due to the following advantages: shared infrastructure and concentrated industrial activities within planned areas. However, due to intensive energy consumption and dependence on fossil fuels, industrial parks have become the main areas for greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is critical to quantify their carbon footprints so that appropriate emission reduction policies can be raised. The objective of this paper is to seek an appropriate method on evaluating the carbon footprint of one industrial park. The tiered hybrid LCA method was selected due to its advantages over other methods. Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ), a typical comprehensive industrial park in China, was chosen as a case study park. The results show that the total life cycle carbon footprint of SETDZ was 15.29 Mt, including 6.81 Mt onsite (direct) carbon footprint, 8.47 Mt upstream carbon footprint, and only 3201 t downstream carbon footprint. Analysis from industrial sector perspectives shows that chemical industry and manufacture of general purpose machinery and special purposes machinery sector were the two largest sectors for life cycle carbon footprint. Such a sector analysis may be useful for investigation of appropriate emission reduction policies.     

低温等离子体用于柴油机尾气脱硝的实验

柴油机作为卡车、重型机械以及船舶的主动力装置仍被广泛采用,其尾气中氮氧化物的脱除技术也是目前的研究热点。本文搭建了模拟柴油机尾气的配气系统,采用介质阻挡放电产生低温等离子体（non-thermal plasma,NTP）的方法对模拟柴油机尾气进行了脱硝的实验研究。实验结果表明：针对本系统,电源效率和能量密度随着输入电压的增大而升高,当输入电压高于60V时,电源效率在90%以上;在O₂/N₂条件下,随着O₂浓度以及能量密度的增加,NO生成量逐渐增加,NO₂生成量先增加后降低最终趋于稳定;在NO/N₂条件下,低温等离子体对NO的脱除率接近100%;在NO/O₂/N₂条件下,随着NO浓度的增加,临界O₂浓度升高,O₂体积分数为1%时脱硝效率在90%以上,O₂体积分数高于14%时低温等离子体的脱硝率为负值,且随着能量密度的增加,生成的NO _x 浓度也更高,O₂浓度对低温等离子体的脱硝性能起决定性作用;在低能量密度时,加入NH₃会提高脱硝性能,高能量密度时NH₃会略微降低NTP的脱硝性能,当加入H₂O模拟真实柴油机尾气成分且喷氨时,获得的脱硝率最高为40.6%。     

浅析价值工程在环保项目设计阶段成本控制中的应用

当前国内环保项目的成本管理力度不足,有经验的项目管理人才紧缺,提高成本管理的意识与技能就显得迫切与必要。本文运用价值工程的基本理论与方法,对总承包环保项目的设计阶段成本控制进行研究,提出价值工程在环保项目设计阶段的项目成本控制中的通用模式。     

用于农残快速检测的离心式微流控芯片研制

基于酶抑制原理结合光度分析方法,研制一种预存储生化试剂的离心式微流控芯片。设计制作的一次性微流控CD芯片集成进样、酶抑制反应、显色反应及检测单元,结合自行研制的便携式分析装置,可以同时检测12个样品,能够实现对大批量农产品中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留进行现场、快速、高通量检测。结果表明:与传统农残快速测定仪比较,微流控芯片农残速测系统操作单元集成度高,可以实现农残检测流程的自动化,样品及试剂消耗量降至传统速测方法的约1/20,同时检测灵敏度、重复性和准确性整体优于传统农残快速测定仪,可以满足基层非专业人员针对大批量样品农药残留的筛查需求。     

不同填料对曝气生物滤池除污效果的影响

采用臭氧/BAF组合工艺处理制革园区污水处理厂的二级生化出水,考察了不同填料BAF挂膜启动的运行情况,探讨了臭氧投加量为25 mg/L时不同填料BAF稳定运行的除污效果及机理。平行运行3个BAF,其填料分别为活性炭、陶粒、活性炭/陶粒(体积比为1∶1)。在挂膜启动期间,活性炭和混合填料BAF对COD的去除率表现为先下降再上升最后趋于稳定,32 d后出水COD<60 mg/L,而陶粒BAF对COD的去除效果不明显。稳定运行期间,进水COD、色度平均值分别为117 mg/L和112.5倍,活性炭BAF的出水值则降至50 mg/L和6倍,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的一级B标准。在此期间活性炭、混合填料和陶粒BAF中的生物量分别为30.69、25.87、15.18 nmol/g。     

不同饮用水对惠明茶茶汤品质的影响

分别用纯净水（PW）、瓶装天然水（TR1,TR2）、瓶装矿泉水（MW1,MW2）和城市自来水（TW）冲泡惠明茶,比较了6种水冲泡茶汤的理化指标、生化成分以及感官品质,并用固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了茶汤香气成分。结果表明:不同水样对惠明茶茶汤中理化性质有明显影响,Ca2+、Mg2+浓度较高的MW1、MW2和TW冲泡茶汤中Ca2+浓度明显降低,Mg2+、电导率增加量均小于TR1、TR2和PW。呈味物质上,不同水样茶汤中游离氨基酸与Ca2+、Mg2+、pH可溶性总糖与pH,茶多酚与Ca2+、Mg2+、pH、电导率存在极显著相关性（P<0.01）。呈香物质上,TR1（7429 μg·kg-1）、PW （7422 μg·kg-1）茶汤香气物质含量远高于其他水样（约5100 μg·kg-1）,并且大部分香气物质与水样Ca2+、pH之间存在显著负相关性（P<0.05）,与可溶性总糖、游离氨基酸存在显著正相关性（P<0.05）。感官品质上,TR1、TR2明显优于其他水样,其中TR2的汤色和滋味较好,TR1的香气评价最好。因此,水样的pH、Ca2+浓度越低,茶汤香气物质含量越多,香气品质越好。