Active disturbance rejection based trajectory linearization control for hypersonic reentry vehicle with bounded uncertainties

This paper investigates a novel compound control scheme combined with the advantages of trajectory linearization control (TLC) and alternative active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for hypersonic reentry vehicle (HRV) attitude tracking system with bounded uncertainties. Firstly, in order to overcome actuator saturation problem, nonlinear tracking differentiator (TD) is applied in the attitude loop to achieve fewer control consumption. Then, linear extended state observers (LESO) are constructed to estimate the uncertainties acting on the LTV system in the attitude and angular rate loop. In addition, feedback linearization (FL) based controllers are designed using estimates of uncertainties generated by LESO in each loop, which enable the tracking error for closed-loop system in the presence of large uncertainties to converge to the residual set of the origin asymptotically. Finally, the compound controllers are derived by integrating with the nominal controller for open-loop nonlinear system and FL based controller. Also, comparisons and simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.     

驾驶疲劳状态波动性特征的识别方法

针对疲劳状态变化的波动性特征,基于心率变异性指标构建了一种驾驶疲劳状态识别方法.以驾驶行为绩效为疲劳客观测评指标,给出了适应疲劳波动性特征的驾驶疲劳分级方法.以心率变异性的3项时域指标、5项频域指标为特征因子构建驾驶疲劳识别特征向量,结合支持向量机提出了一种适应小样本的驾驶疲劳状态识别模型.采用10名驾驶员连续4 h的驾驶行为绩效与心电数据,对模型方法予以了测试.测试结果表明:10名驾驶员1级、2级疲劳状态的正确识别率介于70%~82%,平均正确识别率为75%.     

基于乘客感受的沥青路面平整度评价方法

从道路使用者的角度对乘车舒适性与路面平整度之间的关系进行研究.以乘客的心电指标RMSSD(rootmean square of the squared differences of successive n-n intervals)为主要评价依据,选取平整度范围为1.06～5.53 m/km的12条沥青路面进行室外乘车试验.实验数据表明:不同速度下RMSSD随平整度的变化有明显的变化规律,同时结合主观打分法和振动加速度评价法,提出基于乘客舒适性的平整度临界值.     

心电图时频域指标在驾驶疲劳评价中的有效性研究

驾驶疲劳是造成交通事故的重要原因,用心电图指标来评价驾驶疲劳对于驾驶疲劳的研究具有重要意义。这里采集了16名被测试者90分钟实验室模拟驾驶操作过程的心电信号,并对实验开始和结束时的15分钟时段心电信号的7项时频域指标进行分析。研究发现:有四项心电时频域指标与疲劳程度明显相关。驾驶疲劳实验后,心率变异性时域测量指标中的RR间期的标准差SD明显上升,心率变异性频域测量指标中的低频段功率值LF明显上升,高频段功率值HF明显下降,LF和HF的比值LF/HF明显上升。因而,采用此四项心电图时频域指标,可以对驾驶疲劳程度进行定量化的反映和评判。     

Heart rate variability in low birth weight growth restricted children during sleep and wake stages

Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) individuals have greater predisposition to develop a metabolic syndrome in later life manifesting itself as obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Poor fetal growth may alter the regularity mechanism of cardiac autonomic system that is involved in the development of these diseases. The malfunctioning of the cardiac autonomic system assessed by decrease in heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with negative cardiovascular outcomes. This study is aimed at investigating the risk of development of coronary heart disease in IUGR children in later life. For that purpose HRV analysis of normal and growth restricted children was performed during sleep and wake stages. The study group consisted of 9–10 years old, 32 normal, 20 low birth weight IUGR children. The standard time domain HRV metrics (mean RR, SDNN, RMSSD, NN50 and pNN50) and Poincaré indices (SD₁ and SD₂) were used to analyse and compare the RR-interval time series of these groups. The IUGR children showed lower HRV as compared with normal children during both sleep and wake stages. The significantly decreased HRV during sleep provide an evidence of autonomic derangement that may be associated with higher risk of lethal arrhythmias in the IUGR children in later life.     

Life cycle cost and energy analysis of a Net Zero Energy House with solar combisystem

The Net Zero Energy House (NZEH) presented in this paper is an energy efficient house that uses available solar technologies to generate at least as much primary energy as the house uses over the course of the year. The computer simulation results show that it is technically feasible to reach the goal of NZEH in the cold climate of Montreal. In terms of the life cycle energy use, which considers the operating and embodied energy of the house, the energy payback time is 8.4–8.7 years, when the NZEH is compared with an average house that complies with the provincial code. The energy payback ratio of the combisystem is 3.5–3.8 compared with the heating system of conventional house. By converting solar energy, the combisystem supplies at least 3.5 times more energy than the energy invested for manufacturing and shipping the system. The life cycle cost analysis of the NZEH shows, however, that due to the high cost of the solar technologies and the low cost of electricity in Montreal, financial payback is never achieved.     

心率波动信号的获取

本文介绍了从心电图(ECG)信号中提取心率波动信号(HRV)的一种方法。即首先对ECG进行峰值检测,然后确定R-R间隔,最后经线性内插得到HRV信号。     

Ectopic beats in approximate entropy and sample entropy-based HRV assessment

Approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) are the promising techniques for extracting complex characteristics of cardiovascular variability. Ectopic beats, originating from other than the normal site, are the artefacts contributing a serious limitation to heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The approaches like deletion and interpolation are currently in use to eliminate the bias produced by ectopic beats. In this study, normal R–R interval time series of 10 healthy and 10 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients were analysed by inserting artificial ectopic beats. Then the effects of ectopic beats editing by deletion, degree-zero and degree-one interpolation on ApEn and SampEn have been assessed. Ectopic beats addition (even 2%) led to reduced complexity, resulting in decreased ApEn and SampEn of both healthy and AMI patient data. This reduction has been found to be dependent on level of ectopic beats. Editing of ectopic beats by interpolation degree-one method is found to be superior to other methods.     

The utility of multi-sensor data for mapping eroded lands

The availability of remote sensing data with improved spatial, spectral and radiometric resolution is now available to fully exploit their potential for a specific application subject to the relative merits and the limitations of each sensor's data. Presented here is a case study where Landsat MSS and TM; and SPOT MLA data for part of the Bijapur district, southern India, which were acquired on the same day, have been evaluated for mapping eroded lands. The approach involves the geometric registration of all three data to a common map grid using tie points and third order polynomial transform; and resampling the MSS and TM data to a 20m by 20 m pixel dimension and radiometric normalization. Thematic maps showing eroded lands were generated on a micro-VAXbased DIPIX system using a maximum likelihood classifier. Accuracy estimates were made for the thematic maps following stratified unaligned random sampling technique, and subsequently, computing overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient. Spectral separability and classification accuracy was maximum from SPOT-MLA data followed by a combination of Landsat MSS band 1, SPOT-MLA band 2 and Landsat TM band 4; Landsat TM, a combination of Landsat MSS, TM and SPOT MLA; and Landsat MSS data.     

浅谈VRV空调系统设计中的几个问题

本文介绍了VRV空调系统设计中需要考虑的冷量衰减，几种新风处理方法的优缺点以及VRV的控制系统。